FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\Lsp1α

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\Lsp1α

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

Larval serum protein 1 α

Annotation Symbol

CG2559

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0002562

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

3 publicly available

Gene Summary

Larval storage protein (LSP) which may serve as a store of amino acids for synthesis of adult proteins. (UniProt, P11995)

Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.

All Summaries

Alliance
Auto summary
Gene Group
UniProtKB
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

LSP-1α, Lsp1, LSP-1, DmeLSP1a, Larval serum protein 1 alpha

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

11A12-11A12

Sequence location

X:12,490,291..12,492,982 [+]

Recombination map

1-38

RefSeq locus

NC_004354 REGION:12490291..12492982

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (4 terms)

Molecular Function (1 term)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables nutrient reservoir activity

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Valzania et al., 2024)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Biological Process (1 term)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in energy homeostasis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Valzania et al., 2024)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Cellular Component (2 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in extracellular space

inferred from direct assay

(Valzania et al., 2024)

part_of larval serum protein complex

inferred from direct assay

(Wolfe et al., 1977)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

LARVAL SERUM PROTEIN SUBUNITS

LSP1 COMPLEX

Protein Family (UniProt)

Belongs to the hemocyanin family. (P11995)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Summaries

Gene Group (FlyBase)

LARVAL SERUM PROTEIN SUBUNITS -: The larval serum proteins include a family of two immunologically distinct hexameric hemolymph storage proteins or hexamerins that have been found in all insect species. They are synthesized at the last instar larvae stage and are delivered to the storage granules in the fat body and serve as energy and amino acid supply during metamorphosis. (Adapted from FBrf0093594 and FBrf0093616).
LSP1 COMPLEX -: The larval serum protein 1 (LSP1) complex is a hetero hexamer of three closely related subunits. These storage proteins may serve as nutrient reserves to support metamorphosis and reproduction in feeding larvae. (Adapted form FBrf0093594).

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

Larval storage protein (LSP) which may serve as a store of amino acids for synthesis of adult proteins.

(UniProt, P11995)

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Lsp1α for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry P11995)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.50

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

Lsp1α-RA

FBtr0073651

NM_078583

2625

816

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

Lsp1α-PA

FBpp0073484

98.9

816

6.08

P11995

NP_511138

AAF48168

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

83 (kD)

(Lepesant et al., 1982)

Comments

The size of the protein was determined by in vitro translation.

(Lepesant et al., 1982)

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Heterohexamer, composed of three subunits, alpha, beta and gamma.

(UniProt, P11995)

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Lsp1α using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.19

Transcript Expression

microinjection

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

third instar larval stage

(Lepesant et al., 1982)

northern blot

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

second instar larval stage -- third instar larval stage

embryonic/larval fat body

(Powell et al., 1984)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

mass spectroscopy

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

day 7 of adulthood -- day 49 of adulthood

adult heart

(Cammarato et al., 2011)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in extracellular space

inferred from direct assay

(Valzania et al., 2024)

part_of larval serum protein complex

inferred from direct assay

(Wolfe et al., 1977)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Lsp1α in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\Lsp1α

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\Lsp1α

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

32199/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0002562

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0002562

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0002562

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0002562

Images

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 4 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 5 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Lsp1α

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Lsp1α

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 3 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 3 )

Gene disrupted in

Df(1)Exel6244

(Ryder, 2004.4.26)

Df(1)HF368

(Roberts and Evans-Roberts, 1979)

Gene not disrupted in

Df(1)v65b

(Roberts and Evans-Roberts, 1979)

Inferred from location ( 39 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

viable

Lsp1α^o

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

Lsp1α^GD6490

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

Lsp1α^GD6490

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Lsp1α^GD6490

Sterility

Allele

fertile

Lsp1α^o

Other Phenotypes

Allele

electrophoretic variant

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (0)

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (0)

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (0)

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (0)

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (0)

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (18)

Agam\HEXA_ANOGA

8 of 12

Yes

6 of 12

6 of 12

6 of 12

5 of 12

5 of 12

5 of 12

3 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Lsp1α. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (9)

10 of 13

9 of 13

7 of 13

6 of 13

5 of 13

4 of 13

3 of 13

3 of 13

3 of 13

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

Lsp1α - Seipin

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Bi et al., 2014)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interaction Browsers

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Heterohexamer, composed of three subunits, alpha, beta and gamma.

(UniProt, P11995 )

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

58598

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0002562

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

32199

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

FlyBase

External Links

External Data

Linkouts

Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

1-38

Cytogenetic map

11A12-11A12

Sequence location

X:12,490,291..12,492,982 [+]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

11A12-11A12

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}EP1451&P{EP}EP1629 and P{EP}CG11138^EP1313

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

11B-11B

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Brock and Roberts, 1983)

11A-11A

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Lepesant et al., 1982)

11A7-11A9

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Smith et al., 1981)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

1-38

(FlyBase, 2016)

1-38.9

(Comeron et al., 2012)

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

27/47 of the distance from v to g.

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (3)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

Bloomington

56039

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.HMC04347}attP40

VDRC

v101101

P{KK106904}VIE-260B

v14898

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD6490}v14898

Genomic Clones (20)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (33)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0002562

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0002562

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

polyclonal

(Valzania et al., 2024)

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

Other Comments

Ecdysteroid-regulated gene.

(Andres et al., 1993)

copia is able to positively regulate expression from Lsp1α in transient DNA co-transfection assays.

(Bryant et al., 1991)

5' flanking sequences of the Lsp1α, Lsp1β and Lsp1γ genes have been sequenced and compared.

(Delaney et al., 1986)

A D.melanogaster Lsp1α probe has been used to identify the site of the Lsp1α gene in a number of Drosophila species.

(Brock and Roberts, 1983)

Lsp1α, Lsp1β, Lsp1γ and Lsp2 mRNAs have been purified from the third larval instar fat body and translated in vitro.

(Sato et al., 1982)

Although X-linked Lsp1α is not dosage compensated (Roberts and Evans-Roberts, 1979b); however when relocated by transformation to an autosomal site or to an ectopic site on the X, the gene does show dosage compensation (Ghosh, Chatterje, Bunick, Manning and Lucchesi, 1989).

Lsp1 are three genes encoding three related polypeptides that combine in random hexamers to form LSP1, a heterogenous larval serum protein of 450,000 to 480,000 daltons (Wolfe, Akam and Roberts, 1977). LSP1 synthesized in fat body; appears early in third instar attaining peak levels at the white prepupal stage; level begins to decline at mid-pupal stage reaching base line about four days into adult life (Roberts, Wolfe and Akam, 1977). Highly homologous to one another and all three share amino-acid homology with LSP2. Antigenically related as well but antisera to LSP1 polypeptides do not crossreact with LSP2 (Brock and Roberts, 1980). Codes for the α polypeptide of LSP1; molecular weight 83,000 (Brock and Roberts, 1980).

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Additional comments

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Nomenclature comments

Etymology

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (20)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

CG2559

(Yadav et al., 2017, Palu and Thummel, 2016, Rosa-Ferreira et al., 2015, Handke et al., 2013, Chen et al., 2012, Herranz et al., 2012, Cammarato et al., 2011, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Zhang et al., 2010, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Lebo et al., 2009, Beller et al., 2006, Fulton et al., 2001)

DmeLSP1a

(Burmester, 2001, Burmester et al., 1998)

LSP 1

(Riddiford, 1993)

LSP-1

(Colomb et al., 2017, Chiang and Kurnit, 2003, Powell et al., 1984)

LSP-1 α

(Brock and Roberts, 1983)

LSP-1α

(Burmester et al., 1999, Roberts et al., 1998, Maschat et al., 1990, Deutsch et al., 1989, Sato et al., 1982)

LSP1

(Yamamoto et al., 2013, Liu et al., 2007)

LSP1-α

(Ghosh et al., 1992)

LSP1ALPHA

(Kim et al., 2015)

LSP1α

(Freeman and Glover, 1987, Davies et al., 1986)

Lsp

(Hultmark and Andó, 2022)

Lsp-1α

(Chawla and Sokol, 2012, Andres et al., 1993, Roberts et al., 1991)

Lsp1

(Zraly et al., 2006, Kern and Begun, 2005, Korochkina et al., 1997)

Lsp1-α

(Chiang and Kurnit, 2003)

Lsp1alpha

(Blatt et al., 2021, Ueda et al., 2018, Mukherjee et al., 2014, Kalajdzic et al., 2012, Beller et al., 2006, Beller et al., 2006, Gonzalez et al., 2002)

Lsp1α

(Rommelaere et al., 2025, Huang et al., 2024, Valzania et al., 2024, Khalili et al., 2023, Kuyateh and Obbard, 2023, Lee et al., 2023, Cattenoz et al., 2021, Dewett et al., 2021, Bi et al., 2014, Chang et al., 2013, Handke et al., 2013, Fernández-Ayala et al., 2010, Xun et al., 2009, Weake and Scott, 2007)

Name Synonyms

Larval serum protein 1 alpha

(Cammarato et al., 2011, Lebo et al., 2009)

Larval serum protein 1 α

(Krejčová et al., 2024, Xun et al., 2009)

Larval serum protein one α

(Weake and Scott, 2007)

larval serum protein

(Yamamoto et al., 2013)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 39 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

32199

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

P11995

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

P11995

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

P11995

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

32199/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0002562

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0002562

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0002562

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG2559

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

32199

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

58598

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0002562

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0002562

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0002562

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0002562

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0002562

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0002562

iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

32199

References (105)

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

-0.19

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