FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\Mal-A3

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\Mal-A3

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

Maltase A3

Annotation Symbol

CG8695

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0002571

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

5 publicly available

Enzyme Name (EC)

alpha-glucosidase (3.2.1.20)

Gene Summary

Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.

All Summaries

Alliance
Auto summary
Gene Group
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

LvpL, L, mal_A3

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

44D1-44D1

Sequence location

2R:8,455,909..8,457,892 [-]

Recombination map

2-59

RefSeq locus

NT_033778 REGION:8455909..8457892

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (2 terms)

Molecular Function (1 term)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables alpha-1,4-glucosidase activity

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P53341

(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)

Biological Process (1 term)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in carbohydrate metabolic process

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006047

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

Cellular Component (0 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASES

SLC3 FAMILY OF HETEROMERIC AMINO ACID TRANSPORTERS ANCILLARY SUBUNITS

Protein Family (UniProt)

Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 13 family. (P07192)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)

alpha-1,4-glucosidase activity

Hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing (1->4)-linked alpha-D-glucose residues with release of alpha-D-glucose (3.2.1.20)

Summaries

Gene Group (FlyBase)

ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASES -: α-glucosidases catalyze the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-linked alpha-D-glucose residue with release of alpha-D-glucose.
SLC3 FAMILY OF HETEROMERIC AMINO ACID TRANSPORTERS ANCILLARY SUBUNITS -: Solute carrier family 3 (SLC3) members encode the heavy chain of heteromeric amino acid transporters (HATs), forming a complex with L-type amino acid transporters of the SLC7 family. The main role of SLC3 proteins is believed to be the routing of the HAT to the plasma membrane. (Adapted from FBrf0207965 and PMID:14770309).

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Mal-A3 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry P07192)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.49

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

Mal-A3-RA

FBtr0088758

NM_057280

1795

574

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

1.7 (northern blot)

(Snyder and Davidson, 1983)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

Mal-A3-PA

FBpp0087837

65.2

574

4.47

P07192

NP_476628

AAF59087

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

P07192

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Mal-A3 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.06

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 13 -- 16

embryonic midgut chamber

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic/larval midgut

(Fisher et al., 2012)

northern blot

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

first instar larval stage

(Snyder and Davidson, 1983)

second instar larval stage

(Snyder and Davidson, 1983)

early third instar larval stage

organism

(Snyder and Davidson, 1983)

adult stage

(Snyder and Davidson, 1983)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Mal-A3 in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\Mal-A3

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\Mal-A3

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0002571

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

35826/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0002571

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0002571

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0002571

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG8695

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0002571

Images

FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)

Show all FlyExpress processed images for Dmel\Mal-A3

Stages(s) 13-16

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 1 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 5 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Mal-A3

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Mal-A3

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 1 )

Gene disrupted in

Df(2R)Exel7096

(Ryder, 2004.4.26)

Inferred from location ( 5 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

Mal-A3^GD5460

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

Mal-A3^GD5460

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Mal-A3^GD5460

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

Mal-A3^GD5460

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (7)

Hsap\SLC3A1

12 of 14

Yes

4 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

1 of 14

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (5)

Rnor\Slc3a1

12 of 14

Yes

4 of 14

2 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (8)

Mmus\Slc3a1

11 of 14

Yes

4 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

1 of 14

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (6)

Xtro\slc3a1

6 of 13

Yes

Xtro\slc3a2

2 of 13

Xtro\atf7

1 of 13

Xtro\h2ac16

1 of 13

Yes

Xtro\LOC100145328

1 of 13

Yes

Xtro\znf710

1 of 13

Yes

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (10)

Drer\slc3a1

12 of 14

Yes

Drer\si:dkey-202g17.3

4 of 14

4 of 14

4 of 14

4 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (5)

Cele\atgp-1

11 of 14

Yes

Cele\atgp-2

11 of 14

Yes

Cele\C50B6.7

1 of 14

Cele\R01B10.3

1 of 14

Cele\T04A8.7

1 of 14

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (18)

Agam\AgaP_AGAP012399

8 of 12

Yes

Agam\AgaP_AGAP012400

8 of 12

Yes

Agam\AgaP_AGAP012401

8 of 12

Yes

7 of 12

6 of 12

6 of 12

6 of 12

6 of 12

6 of 12

5 of 12

5 of 12

4 of 12

Yes

3 of 12

2 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (7)

Atha\AMY2

2 of 13

Yes

Atha\AMY3

2 of 13

Yes

Atha\AMY1

1 of 13

Atha\ISA1

1 of 13

Atha\ISA3

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\SBE2.1

1 of 13

Atha\SBE2.2

1 of 13

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (7)

Scer\IMA1

12 of 13

Yes

Scer\IMA2

12 of 13

Yes

Scer\IMA3

12 of 13

Yes

Scer\IMA4

12 of 13

Yes

Scer\IMA5

12 of 13

Yes

Scer\MAL12

12 of 13

Yes

Scer\MAL32

12 of 13

Yes

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (9)

Spom\mal1

12 of 12

Yes

2 of 12

2 of 12

2 of 12

2 of 12

Yes

2 of 12

2 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

Yes

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (6)

Ecol\treC

9 of 11

Yes

Ecol\malS

3 of 11

Yes

Ecol\ycjM

3 of 11

Yes

Ecol\malZ

2 of 11

Yes

Ecol\amyA

1 of 11

Ecol\glgX

1 of 11

Yes

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Mal-A3. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (15)

12 of 13

12 of 13

12 of 13

12 of 13

12 of 13

12 of 13

11 of 13

11 of 13

10 of 13

3 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

SLC3A1; solute carrier family 3 member 1

model of cystinuria

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

SLC3A1; solute carrier family 3 member 1

12 of 14

104614

CYSTINURIA

cystinuria

SLC3A2; solute carrier family 3 member 2

4 of 14

158070

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

Interaction Browsers

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interaction Browsers

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

External Data

Linkouts

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0002571

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

FlyBase

External Links

KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

External Data

Linkouts

KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

Amino acid transport across the plasma membrane

Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

2-59

Cytogenetic map

44D1-44D1

Sequence location

2R:8,455,909..8,457,892 [-]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

44D1-44D1

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}Rs1^k09514&P{lacW}l(2)k03110^k03110 and P{lacW}Vps25^k08904&P{lacW}ptc^k02507

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

44D-44D

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Snyder et al., 1982)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

2-59

(FlyBase, 2016)

2-57.6

(Comeron et al., 2012)

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (5)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

Bloomington

27838

w¹¹¹⁸; Mi{ET1}Mal-A3^MB10295

62255

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.HMC05262}attP40

NIG-Fly

HMJ22983

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.HMJ22983}attP40/CyO

VDRC

v102381

P{KK110025}VIE-260B

v15791

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD5460}v15791

Genomic Clones (16)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (156)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

RE74287

Other clones

DPiM_RE74287

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0002571

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0002571

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

Other Comments

Maps approximately 7.5kb from Lcp4.

(Snyder et al., 1982)

Identified during a molecular analysis of the larval cuticle proteins Lcp1, Lcp2, Lcp3 and Lcp4 at 44D.

(Snyder et al., 1982)

One of three genes that are clustered in an 8 kb segment of DNA and lie 11 kb from the second-chromosome Lcp gene cluster (Snyder and Davidson, 1983). The order of the genes is LvpH--1.7kb--LvpD--1.1kb--LvpL, with LvpH being closest to the Lcp cluster. LvpH and LvpL are transcribed off the same strand as Lcp1 and Lcp2 and LcpD off the same strand as Lcp3 and Lcp4. Three genes are completely sequenced and are 50-60% homologous in DNA sequence; they encode polypeptides of approximately 500 amino acids, which contain apparent signal peptide sequences but lack hydrophobic regions indicating that they are secreted rather than being membrane proteins; each has a sequence of 12 amino acids similar to known calcium binding domains of other proteins. The genes are coordinately transcribed in abundance in young larvae and adults, but not in late larvae when Lcp genes are transcribed; whereas Lcp genes are transcribed in the larval cuticle, Lvp transcripts are found in the larval viscera. The time and place of Lvp transcription suggests a possible digestive function of the gene products. 62 bp intron at 145-146

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Additional comments

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Source for identity of: Mal-A3 LvpL

(Gabrisko and Janecek, 2011)

Nomenclature comments

Etymology

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (13)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

CG8695

(National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2023-, Chung et al., 2011, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009)

Drome_A3

(Gabriško and Janeček, 2011)

(Vieira et al., 1997, Henikoff and Wallace, 1988)

LvpL

(Gabrisko and Janecek, 2011, Geng and MacDonald, 2007)

Mal-A3

(Knop et al., 2025, Li et al., 2024, Wang et al., 2024, Bossen et al., 2023, Kasuya et al., 2023, Deshpande et al., 2022, Wang et al., 2022, Zhou et al., 2022, Regadas et al., 2021, Zhou et al., 2021, Hudry et al., 2019, Inomata et al., 2019)

(Snyder et al., 1982)

lvpL

(Gabriško and Janeček, 2011)

mal_A3

(Gabrisko and Janecek, 2011, Gabriško and Janeček, 2011)

Name Synonyms

Larval visceral protein L

Maltase A3

gene V

(Snyder et al., 1982)

hdl cuticle gene cluster

(Snyder, 1993.3.25)

maltase

(Vieira et al., 1997)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 41 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

35826

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

P07192

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

P07192

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

P07192

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0002571

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

35826/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0002571

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0002571

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0002571

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG8695

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

35826

Linkouts

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0002571

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0002571

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0002571

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0002571

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0002571

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG8695

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0002571

FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.

FBgn0002571

iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

Amino acid transport across the plasma membrane

References (58)

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

-0.06

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