FB2026_02 , released June 18, 2026
FB2026_02 , released June 18, 2026
Gene: Dmel\E(spl)m6-BFM
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\E(spl)m6-BFM
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Enhancer of split m6, Bearded family member
Annotation Symbol
CG8354
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0002632
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
5 publicly available
Gene Summary
Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.
All Summaries
Also Known As

m6, E(spl)m6, HLHm6, E(spl) region transcript m6

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
96F10-96F10
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-89
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:26032911..26034047
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (4 terms)
Molecular Function (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables ubiquitin protein ligase binding
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:neur; FB:FBgn0002932
(Bardin and Schweisguth, 2006)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Biological Process (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in cell fate specification
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Lai et al., 2000)
involved_in negative regulation of Notch signaling pathway
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Lai et al., 2000)
involved_in sensory organ development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Lai et al., 2000)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Cellular Component (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Pathway (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
    -
    Summaries
    Gene Group (FlyBase)
    ENHANCER OF SPLIT GENE COMPLEX -
    The Enhancer of split complex (E(spl)-C) of D.mel is a well characterized genetic locus on chromosome 3R containing 12 genes - with the exception of Kaz-m1, all are Notch responsive. Seven genes are basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors, four are bearded family genes. Kaz-m1 is unrelated, sharing some sequence similarity to Kazal class protease inhibitors. (Adapted from FBrf0211195).
    BEARDED GENE FAMILY -
    The Bearded gene family, named from homology with Brd, encode small proteins containing predicted basic amphipathic α-helical domains in their N-terminal regions. They are located in two genomic complexes - the Bearded Complex and the Enhancer of Split Complex. Some members have been implicated in Notch signaling. (Adapted from FBrf0123097).
    Pathway (FlyBase)
    NEGATIVE REGULATORS OF NOTCH SIGNALING PATHWAY -
    The Notch receptor signaling pathway is activated by the binding of the transmembrane receptor Notch (N) to transmembrane ligands, Dl or Ser, presented on adjacent cells. This results in the proteolytic cleavage of N, releasing the intracellular domain (NICD). NICD translocates into the nucleus, interacting with Su(H) and mam to form a transcription complex, which up-regulates transcription of Notch-responsive genes. Negative regulators of the pathway down-regulate the signal from the sending cell or the response in the receiving cell. (Adapted from FBrf0225731 and FBrf0192604).
    Gene Model and Products
    Number of Transcripts
    1
    Number of Unique Polypeptides
    1

    Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\E(spl)m6-BFM for information on other features

    To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

    Protein Domains (via Pfam)
    Isoform displayed:
    Pfam protein domains
    InterPro name
    classification
    start
    end
    Protein Domains (via SMART)
    Isoform displayed:
    SMART protein domains
    InterPro name
    classification
    start
    end
    Structure
    Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry O97179)

    If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
    Model Confidence:
    • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
    • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
    • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
    • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

    AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

    Experimentally Determined Structures
    Crossreferences
    Comments on Gene Model

    Gene model reviewed during 5.42

    Gene model reviewed during 5.48

    Transcript Data
    Annotated Transcripts
    Name
    FlyBase ID
    RefSeq ID
    Length (nt)
    Assoc. CDS (aa)
    E(spl)m6-BFM-RA
    FBtr0084959
    NM_079788
    1137
    70
    Additional Transcript Data and Comments
    Reported size (kB)

    1.4 (northern blot)

    (Knust et al., 1987)
    Comments
    External Data
    Crossreferences
    Polypeptide Data
    Annotated Polypeptides
    Name
    FlyBase ID
    Predicted MW (kDa)
    Length (aa)
    Theoretical pI
    UniProt
    RefSeq ID
    GenBank
    E(spl)m6-BFM-PA
    FBpp0084333
    8.1
    70
    6.51
    O97179
    NP_524512
    AAF56553
    Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

    There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

    Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
    Reported size (kDa)

    70 (aa)

    (Wurmbach et al., 1999)
    Comments
    External Data
    Crossreferences
    Linkouts
    Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
    Mapped Features

    Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\E(spl)m6-BFM using the Feature Mapper tool.

    External Data
    Crossreferences
    Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
    Linkouts
    Expression Data
    Testis-specificity index

    The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

    -0.40

    Transcript Expression
    in situ
    Stage
    Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
    Reference
    embryonic stage
    embryonic brain
    (Wurmbach et al., 1999)
    presumptive embryonic/larval peripheral nervous system
    (Wurmbach et al., 1999)
    presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system
    (Wurmbach et al., 1999)
    larval ventral nerve cord
    (Wurmbach et al., 1999)
    third instar larval stage
    wing disc | restricted
    (Wurmbach et al., 1999)
    adepithelial cell of wing disc | subset
    (Lai et al., 2000)
    adepithelial cell of haltere disc | subset
    (Lai et al., 2000)
    prepupal stage P4(i)
    anterior wing margin | precursor
    (Lai et al., 2000)
    pupal stage P6
    cell | subset of posterior wing margin

    Comment: pairs of expressing cells

    (Lai et al., 2000)
    northern blot
    Stage
    Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
    Reference
    embryonic stage 13 -- 15
    embryonic/larval midgut | restricted
    (Knust et al., 1987)
    organism | segmentally repeated
    (Knust et al., 1987)
    embryonic stage 13 -- 16

    Comment: reference states 10-14 hr AEL

    (Knust et al., 1987)
    Additional Descriptive Data

    m6 transcripts are first detected in stage 9 embryos in the developing CNS. After germ band retraction, they are observed in the brain, the ventral nerve cord, and in the presumptive PNS. Weak expression is observed in imaginal discs. Specific staining is seen in the notal anlagen of the wing disc.

    (Wurmbach et al., 1999)

    High levels of m6 expression is seen in 10-14 hr embryos. In stage 13-15 embryos, m6 is detected in cell clusters in a segmental pattern; these cells may be sensory organs. Additional expression is detected on midgut walls, and may correspond to midgut neurons.

    (Knust et al., 1987)
    Marker for
     
    Subcellular Localization
    CV Term
    Polypeptide Expression
    Additional Descriptive Data
    Marker for
     
    Subcellular Localization
    CV Term
    Evidence
    References
    Expression Deduced from Reporters
    Reporter: P{E(spl)m6-BFM-gapGFP}
    Stage
    Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
    Reference
    embryonic stage 13 -- 14
    fusion competent cell
    (Tixier et al., 2013)
    High-Throughput Expression Data
    Associated Tools

    JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

    View Dmel\E(spl)m6-BFM in JBrowse
    Bulk Downloads
    RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
    Reference
    See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
    Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
    Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
    External Data and Images
    Linkouts
    DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
    EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
    FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
    FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
    Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
    Images
    FlyBase Wiki
    Image Based Resources
    Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
    Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 3 )
    For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
     
    Other relevant insertions
    Transgenic Constructs ( 5 )
    For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
    Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of E(spl)m6-BFM
    Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of E(spl)m6-BFM
    Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 9 )
    Variants
    Variant Molecular Consequences
    Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
    Phenotypes
    Orthologs
    Downloads
    Download All DIOPT Orthologs
    Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
    Species\Gene Symbol
    Score
    Best Score
    Best Reverse Score
    Source
    Compara
    Domainoid
    eggNOG
    Hieranoid
    Homologene
    Inparanoid
    OMA
    OrthoDB
    OrthoFinder
    OrthoInspector
    orthoMCL
    Panther
    Phylome
    SonicParanoid
    Alignment
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Homo sapiens (Human) (0)
    Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
    Species\Gene Symbol
    Score
    Best Score
    Best Reverse Score
    Source
    Compara
    Domainoid
    eggNOG
    Hieranoid
    Homologene
    Inparanoid
    OMA
    OrthoDB
    OrthoFinder
    OrthoInspector
    orthoMCL
    Panther
    Phylome
    SonicParanoid
    Alignment
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (0)
    Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (0)
    Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (0)
    Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (0)
    Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)
    Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (0)
    Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
    Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
    Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
    Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
    Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
    Data provided directly from OrthoDB:E(spl)m6-BFM. Refer to their site for version information.
    Paralogs
    Downloads
    Download All DIOPT Paralogs
    Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
    Human Disease Associations
    FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
      Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
      Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
      Allele
      Disease
      Evidence
      References
      Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
      Human Ortholog
      Disease
      Evidence
      References
      Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
      Allele
      Disease
      Interaction
      References
      Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
      Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
      Homo sapiens (Human)
      Gene name
      Score
      OMIM
      OMIM Phenotype
      DO term
      Complementation?
      Transgene?
      Functional Complementation Data
      Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
      Interactions
      Summary of Physical Interactions
      Interaction Browsers
      View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
      Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
      protein-protein
      Physical Interaction
      Assay
      References
      E(spl)m6-BFM - neur
      two hybrid
      (Bardin and Schweisguth, 2006)
      Summary of Genetic Interactions
      Interaction Browsers
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      External Data
      Linkouts
      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
      Pathways
      Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
      Metabolic Pathways
      FlyBase
      External Links
      External Data
      Linkouts
      Class of Gene
      Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
      Chromosome (arm)
      3R
      Recombination map
      3-89
      Cytogenetic map
      96F10-96F10
      Sequence location
      FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Evidence for location
      96F10-96F10
      Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(3)rQ197rQ197 and P{lacW}scribj7B3
      Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Notes
      References
      96F11-96F14
      (Wurmbach, 1998.10.18)
      Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
      Location

      3-89

      (FlyBase, 2016)

      3-87.4

      (Comeron et al., 2012)

      3-89.1

      Left of (cM)
      Right of (cM)
      Notes
      Stocks and Reagents
      Stocks (5)
      Genomic Clones (16)
       

      Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

      cDNA Clones (5)
       

      Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

      cDNA clones, fully sequenced
      BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

        For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

        cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
        BDGP DGC clones
          Other clones
          RNAi and Array Information
          Linkouts
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          Antibody Information
          Laboratory Generated Antibodies
           
          Commercially Available Antibodies
           
          Cell Line Information
          Publicly Available Cell Lines
           
            Other Stable Cell Lines
             
              Other Comments

              m2 and m6 are direct targets of regulation by the N-activated Su(H) transcription factor. Overall orientation not stated: HLHmδ+ HLHmγ+ HLHmβ- mα+ m1+ m2- HLHm3+ m4- HLHm5- m6+ HLHm7+ E(spl)+ gro+

              (Lai et al., 2000)

              Overexpression of m2 or m6 interferes with N dependent cell fate decisions in adult PNS development. Overexpression of m6 impairs lateral inhibition.

              (Lai et al., 2000)

              The distinct expression patterns of genes of the E(spl) complex in imaginal tissues depend to a significant degree on the capacity of their transcriptional cis-regulatory apparatus to respond selectively to direct proneural and Su(H)-mediated activation, often in a subset of the territories and cells in which proneural and Su(H) regulation is occurring.

              (Nellesen et al., 1999)

              E(spl) bHLH proteins are turned on in cells which are inhibited from becoming neural by signals from the delaminating neuroblast.

              (Jennings et al., 1995)

              Arrangement and sequence of E(spl)-complex genes in D.melanogaster and D.hydei revealed that the E(spl)-gene, and the structure of complex are highly conserved, suggesting that each individual gene, as well as the organization of the complex, is of functional importance.

              (Maier et al., 1993)

              The neurogenic phenotype of various embryonic combinations have been studied and include intermediate neurogenic embryos and weak neurogenic embryos.

              (Delidakis et al., 1991)
              Relationship to Other Genes
              Source for database merge of
              Additional comments
              Nomenclature History
              Source for database identify of

              Source for identity of: E(spl)m6-BFM m6

              (Artavanis-Tsakonas et al., 2012.8.8)
              Nomenclature comments
              Etymology
              Synonyms and Secondary IDs (14)
              Reported As
              Symbol Synonym
              CG8354
              (Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Krejcí et al., 2009, Perkins et al., 2009, Bhutkar et al., 2008, Mohit et al., 2006, Schlatter and Maier, 2005, Moehring and Mackay, 2004)
              DmelCG8354
              (Duncan and Dearden, 2010)
              E(spl)-m6
              (Boukhatmi, 2021)
              E(spl)M6
              (Zmojdzian and Jagla, 2021, Aradhya and Jagla, 2020, Figeac et al., 2010)
              E(spl)m6
              (Aradhya et al., 2015, Tseng et al., 2014, Di Stefano et al., 2011, Duan et al., 2011, Endo et al., 2011, Bernard et al., 2010, Figeac et al., 2010, Bernard et al., 2009, Krejcí et al., 2009, Bernard et al., 2006, Lai et al., 2005, Butler et al., 2003, Lai, 2002, Lai et al., 2000, Wurmbach, 1998.10.18)
              E(spl)m6-BFM
              (Tu et al., 2025, Josserand et al., 2023, Corrales et al., 2022, Michki et al., 2021, Fast et al., 2020, Wurmbach and Preiss, 2014)
              HLHm6
              (Moshkin et al., 2013, Bhutkar et al., 2008, Mohit et al., 2006)
              M6
              (Tixier et al., 2013, Figeac et al., 2010, Inlow and Restifo, 2004)
              m6
              (Aradhya et al., 2015, Dequéant et al., 2015, Moshkin et al., 2013, Schaaf et al., 2013, Johnson et al., 2011, Bardin et al., 2010, Bernard et al., 2010, Duncan and Dearden, 2010, Chanet et al., 2009, Fontana and Posakony, 2009, Jones et al., 2009, Krejcí et al., 2009, Schaaf et al., 2009, Goodfellow et al., 2007, Krejci and Bray, 2007, Maeder et al., 2007, Bardin and Schweisguth, 2006, Choksi et al., 2006, Zinzen et al., 2006, Macdonald and Long, 2005, Schlatter and Maier, 2005, Knust et al., 1987)
              Name Synonyms
              E(spl) region transcript m6
              (Krejcí et al., 2009)
              Enhancer of Split Region Transcript m6
              (Bernard et al., 2006)
              Enhancer of split m6
              (Aradhya et al., 2015)
              Enhancer of split m6, Bearded family member
              (Dequéant et al., 2015)
              Enhancer of split region transcript m6
              (Bernard et al., 2009)
              Secondary FlyBase IDs
                Datasets (0)
                Study focus (0)
                Experimental Role
                Project
                Project Type
                Title
                Study result (0)
                Result
                Result Type
                Title
                External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 55 )
                Sequence Crossreferences
                NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                Other crossreferences
                AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
                KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                Linkouts
                Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
                DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
                FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
                References (97)