FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\β3GalTII
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\β3GalTII
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
β-1,3-Galactosyltransferase II
Annotation Symbol
CG8734
Feature Type
FlyBase ID
FBgn0033315
Gene Model Status
Stock Availability
Enzyme Name (EC)
galactosylxylosylprotein 3-beta-galactosyltransferase (2.4.1.134)
Gene Summary
β-1,3-Galactosyltransferase II (β3GalTII) encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of glactose to the acceptor galactose during the synthesis of the tetrasaccharide linker of the glycosaminoglycan side chain of proteoglycans. The tetrasaccharide linker is common to heparan sulfate and chondoritin sulfate proteoglycans. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-21] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
Also Known As

Galactosyltransferase II

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-59
RefSeq locus
NT_033778 REGION:8626181..8627611
Sequence
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (9 terms)
Molecular Function (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
Biological Process (5 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:β4GalT7; FB:FBgn0039258
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Oxt; FB:FBgn0015360
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Papss; FB:FBgn0020389
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:sotv; FB:FBgn0029175
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Hs3st-B; FB:FBgn0031005
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Hs6st; FB:FBgn0038755
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:ttv; FB:FBgn0265974
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q96L58
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002659
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000880300
Cellular Component (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in Golgi membrane
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000130249
located_in Golgi membrane
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:O54904
located_in membrane
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002659
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)
galactosylxylosylprotein 3-beta-galactosyltransferase activity
3-O-(beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-xylosyl)-L-seryl-[protein] + UDP- alpha-D-galactose = 3-O-(beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl- (1->4)-beta-D-xylosyl)-L-seryl-[protein] + UDP + H(+) (2.4.1.134)
RHEA 11780:
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
β-1,3-Galactosyltransferase II (β3GalTII) encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of glactose to the acceptor galactose during the synthesis of the tetrasaccharide linker of the glycosaminoglycan side chain of proteoglycans. The tetrasaccharide linker is common to heparan sulfate and chondoritin sulfate proteoglycans. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-21]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
UNCLASSIFIED GALACTOSYLTRANSFERASES -
This group comprises galactosyltransferases that do not classify under other groups in FlyBase.
Pathway (FlyBase)
CHONDROITIN SULFATE PROTEOGLYCAN BIOSYNTHESIS -
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are glycoconjugates that consist of a core protein linked to one or more linear chondroitin sulfate (CS) chains. The chains are composed of alternating glucuronic acid and N-acetylgalactosamine that can be variably O-sulfated. CS synthesis occurs in the Golgi apparatus. It starts with the formation of a tetrasaccharide linker on the core protein followed by the alternating addition of glucuronic acid and N-acetylgalactosamine residues, the latter of which can be O-sulfated. CSPGs are then transported to the plasma membrane. D. melanogaster produces two types of CSPGs: one bearing 4-O-sulfated chondroitin and another with non-sulfated chondroitin. (Adapted from PMID:23774590 and FBrf0228609.)
HEPARAN SULFATE PROTEOGLYCAN BIOSYNTHESIS -
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are glycoconjugates that consist of a core protein linked to one or more linear heparan sulfate (HS) chains. The chains are composed of alternating N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and glucuronic acid or iduronic acid that can be variably N- and O-sulfated. HS synthesis occurs in the Golgi apparatus. It starts with the formation of a tetrasaccharide linker on the core protein followed by the alternating addition of glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine residues. Glucuronic acid can undergo epimerization into iduronic acid, which together with N-acetylglucosamine residues, can be sulfated. HSPGs are then transported to the plasma membrane where they can be processed further by endosulfatases such as Sulf1 that remove sulfate groups from specific sites. (Adapted from FBrf0232460 and FBrf0228609.)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\β3GalTII for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry A1Z7G9)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.43

Gene model reviewed during 5.49

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
FBtr0088728
1431
382
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\β3GalTII using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

0.83

Transcript Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\β3GalTII in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 1 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 6 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of β3GalTII
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of β3GalTII
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 1 )
Inferred from location ( 4 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (15)
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1  
1 of 14
No
No
1  
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (14)
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (15)
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (16)
11 of 13
Yes
Yes
2 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (27)
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (11)
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1  
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (6)
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (21)
6 of 13
Yes
Yes
6 of 13
Yes
Yes
5 of 13
No
Yes
5 of 13
No
Yes
5 of 13
No
Yes
5 of 13
No
Yes
5 of 13
No
Yes
5 of 13
No
Yes
5 of 13
No
Yes
5 of 13
No
Yes
5 of 13
No
Yes
5 of 13
No
Yes
5 of 13
No
Yes
4 of 13
No
Yes
3 of 13
No
Yes
2 of 13
No
No
2 of 13
No
No
2 of 13
No
No
2 of 13
No
No
2 of 13
No
No
2 of 13
No
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)
1 of 12
Yes
No
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:β3GalTII. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (9)
3 of 13
3 of 13
3 of 13
3 of 13
3 of 13
3 of 13
2 of 13
2 of 13
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 2 )
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    Interaction Browsers
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    Interaction Browsers

    Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    External Data
    Linkouts
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Metabolic Pathways
    External Data
    Linkouts
    KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
    Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
    Class of Gene
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    2R
    Recombination map
    2-59
    Cytogenetic map
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    44D5-44D5
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}Vps25k08904&P{lacW}ptck02507 and P{PZ}l(2)44DEa05847
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Location
    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (5)
    Genomic Clones (14)
     

    Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

    cDNA Clones (6)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

      cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
      BDGP DGC clones
        RNAi and Array Information
        Linkouts
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        Antibody Information
        Laboratory Generated Antibodies
         
        Commercially Available Antibodies
         
        Cell Line Information
        Publicly Available Cell Lines
         
          Other Stable Cell Lines
           
            Other Comments
            Relationship to Other Genes
            Source for database merge of
            Additional comments
            Nomenclature History
            Source for database identify of

            Source for identity of: β3GalTII CG8734

            Nomenclature comments
            Etymology
            Synonyms and Secondary IDs (7)
            Reported As
            Name Synonyms
            CG8734
            Galactosyltransferase II
            β-1,3-Galactosyltransferase II
            Secondary FlyBase IDs
              Datasets (0)
              Study focus (0)
              Experimental Role
              Project
              Project Type
              Title
              Study result (0)
              Result
              Result Type
              Title
              External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 34 )
              Sequence Crossreferences
              NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
              GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
              RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
              UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
              UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
              Other crossreferences
              AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
              DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
              EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
              FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
              FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
              InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
              KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
              MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
              Linkouts
              Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
              DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
              DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
              Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
              FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
              FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
              Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
              FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
              iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
              KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
              KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
              Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
              Reactome Metabolic Pathways - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed metabolic pathway database.
              References (36)