FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\Pgm2a

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\Pgm2a

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

Phosphoglucomutase 2a

Annotation Symbol

CG8073

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0033377

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

7 publicly available

Enzyme Name (EC)

phosphoglucomutase (alpha-D-glucose-1,6-bisphosphate-dependent) (5.4.2.2)

phosphopentomutase (5.4.2.7)

Gene Summary

Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.

All Summaries

Alliance
Auto summary
Gene Group
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

Pmm45A

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

45A6-45A7

Sequence location

2R:9,107,151..9,109,718 [-]

Recombination map

2-60

RefSeq locus

NT_033778 REGION:9107151..9109718

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (6 terms)

Molecular Function (4 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables intramolecular phosphotransferase activity

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR005841, InterPro:IPR005844, InterPro:IPR005846, InterPro:IPR016055, InterPro:IPR036900

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR005846, InterPro:IPR016055, InterPro:IPR036900

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

enables magnesium ion binding

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR016066

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

enables phosphoglucomutase activity

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q96G03

(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)

enables phosphopentomutase activity

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001860097

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Biological Process (2 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in carbohydrate metabolic process

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR005841, InterPro:IPR005844, InterPro:IPR005845, InterPro:IPR005846, InterPro:IPR016055

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR005845, InterPro:IPR005846, InterPro:IPR016055

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

involved_in purine ribonucleoside salvage

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001860097

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Cellular Component (0 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

INTRAMOLECULAR PHOSPHOTRANSFERASES

Protein Family (UniProt)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)

phosphoglucomutase activity

alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate = alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate (5.4.2.2)

RHEA 23536: phosphopentomutase activity

alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate = D-ribose 5-phosphate (5.4.2.7)

Summaries

Gene Group (FlyBase)

INTRAMOLECULAR PHOSPHOTRANSFERASES -: Intramolecular phosphotransferases catalyze the transfer of a phosphate group from one part of a molecule to another. (Adapted from FBrf0238665.)

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Pgm2a for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry A1Z7P1)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.44

Gene model reviewed during 5.49

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

Pgm2a-RA

FBtr0088630

NM_136609

2443

623

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

Pgm2a-PA

FBpp0087711

69.9

623

5.09

A1Z7P1

NP_610453

AAF58988

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Pgm2a using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

4.68

Transcript Expression

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

mass spectroscopy

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

day 5 of adulthood | male -- day 7 of adulthood | male

spermatozoon

(Wasbrough et al., 2010, Dorus et al., 2006)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Pgm2a in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\Pgm2a

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\Pgm2a

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

35923/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0033377

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0033377

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0033377

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG8073

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0033377

Images

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 1 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 7 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Pgm2a

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Pgm2a

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 0 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 0 )

Inferred from location ( 5 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

viable

Pgm2a^CB02099

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

Pgm2a^GD12371

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

Pgm2a^GD12371

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Pgm2a^GD12371

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

Pgm2a^GD12371

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (5)

Hsap\PGM2

13 of 14

Yes

Hsap\PGM2L1

12 of 14

Yes

Hsap\PGM1

1 of 14

Hsap\PGM3

1 of 14

Hsap\PGM5

1 of 14

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (5)

Rnor\Pgm2l1

12 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Pgm2

12 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Pgm1

1 of 14

Rnor\Pgm3

1 of 14

Rnor\Pgm5

1 of 14

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (5)

Mmus\Pgm2l1

12 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Pgm2

12 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Pgm1

1 of 14

Mmus\Pgm3

1 of 14

Mmus\Pgm5

1 of 14

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (3)

Xtro\pgm2l1

10 of 13

Yes

Xtro\pgm2

8 of 13

Yes

Xtro\siae

1 of 13

Yes

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (8)

Drer\pgm2

13 of 14

Yes

Drer\pgm2l1

12 of 14

Yes

Drer\hprt1l

1 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

Drer\prtfdc1b

1 of 14

Yes

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (3)

Cele\Y43F4B.5

13 of 14

Yes

Cele\F21D5.1

1 of 14

Cele\R05F9.6

1 of 14

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (3)

Agam\AgaP_AGAP008305

8 of 12

Yes

Agam\AgaP_AGAP005860

1 of 12

Agam\AgaP_AGAP007215

1 of 12

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (6)

Atha\AT1G70820

3 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT5G17530

3 of 13

Yes

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (4)

Scer\PRM15

13 of 13

Yes

Scer\PCM1

1 of 13

Scer\PGM1

1 of 13

Scer\PGM2

1 of 13

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (4)

Spom\SPCC1840.05c

12 of 12

Yes

Spom\SPAC13C5.05c

1 of 12

Spom\SPAC1296.01c

1 of 12

Spom\SPBC32F12.10

1 of 12

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (3)

Ecol\cpsG

2 of 11

Yes

Ecol\glmM

2 of 11

Yes

Ecol\pgm

1 of 11

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Pgm2a. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (3)

Pgm2b

13 of 13

nst

2 of 13

Pgm1

2 of 13

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Pgm2a^HMC04927

ameliorates Alzheimer's disease 1

modeled by Hsap\APP^{Aβ42.UAS.cUa}

(Upadhyay et al., 2023)

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

PGM2; phosphoglucomutase 2

13 of 14

172000

PGM2L1; phosphoglucomutase 2 like 1

12 of 14

611610

NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER WITH HYPOTONIA, DYSMORPHIC FACIES, AND SKIN ABNORMALITIES; NEDHFS

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

Interaction Browsers

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interaction Browsers

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

External Data

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

61761

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0033377

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

FlyBase

External Links

FlyCyc Pathways - Pathways from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

Reactome Metabolic Pathways - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed metabolic pathway database.

External Data

Linkouts

KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

2-60

Cytogenetic map

45A6-45A7

Sequence location

2R:9,107,151..9,109,718 [-]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

45A6-45A7

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}l(2)45Ai^k00116&P{PZ}Su(var)2-10⁰³⁶⁹⁷ and P{lacW}CG8788^k04512&P{lacW}l(2)k13412^k13412

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

45A-45A

(Mohr, 1999.7.30)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

2-60

(FlyBase, 2016)

2-58.1

(Comeron et al., 2012)

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (7)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

Bloomington

62363

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.HMJ23758}attP40/CyO

57737

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.HMC04927}attP40

NIG-Fly

8073R-1

P{NIG.8073R}1

HMJ23758

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.HMJ23758}attP40/CyO

2RG-0557

y² VhaAC39-1^cho-1 v¹; P{U6-Pgm2a.NIG.sgRNA}attP40/CyO

VDRC

v103618

P{KK101744}VIE-260B

v23020

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD12371}v23020

Genomic Clones (15)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (243)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

DPiM_AT28824

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0033377

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0033377

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

Other Comments

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Additional comments

Source for identity of Pmm45A CG8073 was sequence comparison ( date:011219 ).

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Source for identity of: Pmm45A CG8073

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Source for identity of: CG8073 Pmm45A

(FlyBase, 2009-)

Source for identity of: Pgm2a CG8073

(FlyBase, 2017-)

Nomenclature comments

There are two D. melanogaster genes called as clear orthologs to the human PGM2 (phosphoglucomutase 2) gene - CG8073 and CG10202, named here as Pgm2a and Pgm2b, respectively.

(FlyBase, 2017-)

'CG8073' was named as 'Pmm45A' (Phosphomannomutase 45A) through til the FB2018_02 release, based on the nomenclature originally used in FBrf0142005 and FBrf0139671. However, this gene is orthologous to genes encoding Phosphoglucomutase (and/or Phosphopentomutase) enzymes - the actual Phosphomannomutase gene is 'Pmm2' (FBgn0036300). 'Pmm45A' has therefore been renamed to its CG identifier (CG8073) to avoid confusion.

(FlyBase, 2009-)

Etymology

Named 'Pgm2a' after the human ortholog.

(FlyBase, 2017-)

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (5)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

CG8073

(National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2022-, Hosono et al., 2015, White-Grindley et al., 2014, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Fujikawa et al., 2009, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009)

Pgm2a

(Dar et al., 2021, FlyBase, 2017-)

Pmm45A

(White-Grindley et al., 2014, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Wasbrough et al., 2010, Fujikawa et al., 2009, Buszczak et al., 2007, Dorus et al., 2006)

Name Synonyms

Phosphoglucomutase 2a

(FlyBase, 2017-)

Phosphomannomutase 45A

Secondary FlyBase IDs

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 80 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

35923

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

A1Z7P1

UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

A1Z7P1

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

35923/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0033377

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0033377

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0033377

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG8073

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

35923

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

61761

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0033377

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0033377

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0033377

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0033377

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0033377

FlyCyc Pathways - Pathways from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG8073

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0033377

FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.

FBgn0033377

iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

TC012312

KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

Reactome Metabolic Pathways - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed metabolic pathway database.

References (39)

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

4.68

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