FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\Pgant4
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Pgant4
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 4
Annotation Symbol
CG31956
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0051956
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
9 publicly available
Enzyme Name (EC)
polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (2.4.1.41)
Gene Summary
Polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 4 (Pgant4) encodes a Golgi transmembrane protein that catalyzes the attachment of N-acetyl-α-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) to the hydroxyl group of serine or threonine residues in selected membrane or secreted proteins. This O-linked GalNAc glycan is known as the Tn antigen and can be further elongated with additional sugars. Pgant4-mediated glycosylation of the cargo receptor Tango1 plays an essential role in secretory vesicle formation and secretion by protecting Tango1 from protease cleavage. [Date last reviewed: 2018-09-27] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

polypeptide GalNAc transferase 4

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
23F3-23F3
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-10
RefSeq locus
NT_033779 REGION:3472603..3475338
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (8 terms)
Molecular Function (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Zhang et al., 2014)
inferred from direct assay
(Ten Hagen et al., 2003)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN004287905
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Biological Process (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in positive regulation of secretion
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Zhang et al., 2014)
involved_in protein O-linked glycosylation via N-acetyl-galactosamine
inferred from direct assay
(Ten Hagen et al., 2003)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Zhang et al., 2014)
involved_in secretory granule organization
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Zhang et al., 2014)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in protein O-linked glycosylation
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN004287905
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Cellular Component (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in Golgi apparatus
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000187024
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
located_in Golgi membrane
traceable author statement
(Schwientek et al., 2002)
located_in Golgi stack
non-traceable author statement
(Ten Hagen et al., 2003)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Pathway (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 2 family. GalNAc-T subfamily. (Q8IA42)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)
polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity
(1) L-seryl-[protein] + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine = a 3-O- [N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl]-L-seryl-[protein] + UDP + H(+) (2.4.1.41)
(2) L-threonyl-[protein] + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine = a 3-O- [N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl]-L-threonyl-[protein] + UDP + H(+) (2.4.1.41)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 4 (Pgant4) encodes a Golgi transmembrane protein that catalyzes the attachment of N-acetyl-α-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) to the hydroxyl group of serine or threonine residues in selected membrane or secreted proteins. This O-linked GalNAc glycan is known as the Tn antigen and can be further elongated with additional sugars. Pgant4-mediated glycosylation of the cargo receptor Tango1 plays an essential role in secretory vesicle formation and secretion by protecting Tango1 from protease cleavage. [Date last reviewed: 2018-09-27]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
POLYPEPTIDE N-ACETYLGALACTOSAMINYLTRANSFERASES -
Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase catalyze the transfer of N-Acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) from UDP-GalNAc to serine and threonine acceptor sites and initiate mucin-type O-glycosylation. (Adapted from FBrf0151358 and FBrf0190815).
Pathway (FlyBase)
PROTEIN O-GalNAcYLATION -
Protein O-linked GalNAcylation is a post-translational modification that occurs in the Golgi apparatus. The synthesis of O-linked GalNAc glycans (also known as mucin-type O-glycans) begins with the attachment of a N-acetyl-galactosamine (GalNAc) via an α-glycosidic bond to the hydroxyl group of serine or threonine residues in secreted and membrane proteins; this monosaccharide O-glycan is known as the Tn antigen. The O-linked GalNAc can be extended by the addition of a galactose, forming the core 1 T antigen. A glucuronic acid can be further attached to the galactose resulting in the formation of a linear glycan. In D. melanogaster, Tn and T antigens are the most prevalent type of O-glycans and are involved in a broad range of processes, including cell recognition, adhesion and signaling. (Adapted from FBrf0244700 and FBrf0243014.)
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Glycopeptide transferase involved in O-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis, which catalyzes the transfer of an N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residue to an already glycosylated peptide. In contrast to other proteins of the family, it does not act as a peptide transferase that transfers GalNAc onto serine or threonine residue on the protein receptor, but instead requires the prior addition of a GalNAc on a peptide before adding additional GalNAc moieties. Some peptide transferase activity is however not excluded, considering that its appropriate peptide substrate may remain unidentified. Prefers the diglycosylated Muc5AC-3/13 as substrate.
(UniProt, Q8IA42)
Summary (Interactive Fly)

O-glycosyltransferase - initiates the formation of mucin-type O-linked glycans - regulates secretion of components of the peritrophic/mucous membrane in the larval digestive tract - mutation can be rescued by expression of conserved cargo receptor Tango1 and partially rescued by supplementation with exogenous mucins or treatment with antibiotics - mutants exhibit disruption of the mucosal barrier, resulting in epithelial expression of the IL-6-like cytokine Upd3, leading to activation of JAK/STAT signaling, differentiation of cells that form the progenitor cell niche and abnormal proliferation of progenitor cells

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
2
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Pgant4 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q8IA42)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Pgant4-RB
FBtr0114524
NM_001144307
2411
644
Pgant4-RC
FBtr0333248
NM_164539
2543
644
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Pgant4-PB
FBpp0113016
74.0
644
7.76
Q8IA42
NP_001137779
ACL82986
Pgant4-PC
FBpp0305447
74.0
644
7.76
Q8IA42
NP_722910
AAN10370
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

644 aa isoforms: Pgant4-PB, Pgant4-PC
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Domain

There are two conserved domains in the glycosyltransferase region: the N-terminal domain (domain A, also called GT1 motif), which is probably involved in manganese coordination and substrate binding and the C-terminal domain (domain B, also called Gal/GalNAc-T motif), which is probably involved in catalytic reaction and UDP-Gal binding.

The ricin B-type lectin domain binds to GalNAc and contributes to the glycopeptide specificity.

(UniProt, Q8IA42)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Pgant4 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

0.07

Transcript Expression
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult head
(Aradska et al., 2015)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Pgant4 in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 4 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 10 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Pgant4
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Pgant4
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 0 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 0 )
Inferred from location ( 6 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (21)
Hsap\GALNTL6
12 of 14
Yes
No
Hsap\GALNT10
11 of 14
No
No
Hsap\GALNT7
3 of 14
No
No
Hsap\GALNT9
3 of 14
No
No
Hsap\GALNT11
3 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\GALNT13
3 of 14
No
No
Hsap\GALNT15
3 of 14
No
No
Hsap\GALNT16
3 of 14
No
No
Hsap\GALNT17
3 of 14
No
No
Hsap\GALNTL5
3 of 14
No
No
Hsap\GALNT1
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\GALNT2
2 of 14
No
No
3  
Hsap\GALNT3
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\GALNT4
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\GALNT5
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\GALNT6
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\GALNT8
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\GALNT12
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\GALNT14
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\GALNT18
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\POC1B-GALNT4
2 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (17)
Rnor\Galnt10
11 of 14
Yes
No
Rnor\Galntl6
10 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Galnt7
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Galnt9
3 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Galnt11
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Galnt13
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Galnt16
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Galntl5
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Galnt1
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Galnt2
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Galnt3
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Galnt5
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Galnt6
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Galnt14
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Galnt18
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Galnt12
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Galnt17
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (19)
Mmus\Galnt10
11 of 14
Yes
No
Mmus\Galntl6
10 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Galnt6
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Galnt7
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Galnt9
3 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Galnt11
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Galnt13
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Galnt15
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Galnt16
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Galnt17
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Galntl5
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Galnt1
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Galnt2
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Galnt3
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Galnt4
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Galnt5
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Galnt12
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Galnt14
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Galnt18
2 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (17)
Xtro\znf414
8 of 13
Yes
No
Xtro\galnt10
7 of 13
No
No
Xtro\galnt7
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\pde1a
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\alpl
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\anxa10
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\dapk2
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\ddr2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\fam177b
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\galnt4
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\galnt6.2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\galnt9
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\galnt11
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\galnt13
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\galntl6
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\LOC100486078
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\LOC100489081
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (22)
Drer\galntl6
12 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\LOC103910015
10 of 14
No
No
Drer\galnt9
4 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\galnt6
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\galnt8a.2
3 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\galnt8b.1
3 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\galnt8b.2
3 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\galnt16
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\galnt17
3 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\galnt18b
3 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\galnt1
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\galnt7
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\galnt8a.1
2 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\galnt11
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\galnt12
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\galnt13
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\galnt14
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\galnt18a
2 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\galnt2
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\galnt3
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\galnt10
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\poc1bl
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (9)
Cele\gly-10
11 of 14
Yes
No
Cele\gly-7
3 of 14
No
No
Cele\gly-3
2 of 14
No
No
Cele\gly-8
2 of 14
No
No
Cele\gly-4
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\gly-5
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\gly-6
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\gly-9
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\gly-11
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (13)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP011984
8 of 12
Yes
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP012414
8 of 12
Yes
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010367
5 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP000656
4 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP004429
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP006925
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP008229
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP008613
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010078
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP006881
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP012253
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP004375
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP012254
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Pgant4. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (13)
Pgant6
11 of 13
Pgant8
8 of 13
CG31776
7 of 13
CG7304
6 of 13
CG7579
6 of 13
Pgant7
6 of 13
Pgant2
5 of 13
Pgant5
5 of 13
Pgant9
5 of 13
Pgant35A
5 of 13
Pgant1
4 of 13
Pgant3
4 of 13
CG10000
3 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    GALNTL6; polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase like 6
    12 of 14
    615138
        GALNT10; polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 10
        11 of 14
        608043
            GALNT7; polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 7
            3 of 14
            605005
                GALNT9; polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 9
                3 of 14
                606251
                    GALNT11; polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 11
                    3 of 14
                    615130
                         
                        GALNT13; polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 13
                        3 of 14
                        608369
                            GALNT15; polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 15
                            3 of 14
                            615131
                                GALNT16; polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 16
                                3 of 14
                                615132
                                    GALNT17; polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 17
                                    3 of 14
                                    615137
                                        GALNTL5; polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase like 5
                                        3 of 14
                                        615133
                                            Functional Complementation Data
                                            Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
                                            Interactions
                                            Summary of Physical Interactions
                                            Interaction Browsers
                                            Summary of Genetic Interactions
                                            Interaction Browsers
                                            View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
                                            Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
                                            Starting gene(s)
                                            Interaction type
                                            Interacting gene(s)
                                            Reference
                                            Pgant4
                                            suppressible
                                            Fur2
                                            (Zhang et al., 2014)
                                            Pgant4
                                            suppressible
                                            Tango1
                                            (Zhang et al., 2014)
                                            Starting gene(s)
                                            Interaction type
                                            Interacting gene(s)
                                            Reference
                                            External Data
                                            Linkouts
                                            DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                                            Pathways
                                            Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
                                            Metabolic Pathways
                                            FlyBase
                                            PROTEIN O-GalNAcYLATION
                                            External Links
                                            FlyCyc Pathways - Pathways from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                                            KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
                                            External Data
                                            Linkouts
                                            KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
                                            Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
                                            Class of Gene
                                            Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
                                            Chromosome (arm)
                                            2L
                                            Recombination map
                                            2-10
                                            Cytogenetic map
                                            23F3-23F3
                                            Sequence location
                                            FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
                                            Cytogenetic map
                                            Evidence for location
                                            23F3-23F3
                                            Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}Pdswk10101 and P{EP}ThorEP818&P{lacW}Thork07736
                                            Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
                                            Cytogenetic map
                                            Notes
                                            References
                                            Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
                                            Location

                                            2-10

                                            (FlyBase, 2016)

                                            2-8.3

                                            (Comeron et al., 2012)
                                            Left of (cM)
                                            Right of (cM)
                                            Notes
                                            Stocks and Reagents
                                            Stocks (9)
                                            Genomic Clones (17)
                                             

                                            Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

                                            cDNA Clones (7)
                                             

                                            Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

                                            cDNA clones, fully sequenced
                                            BDGP DGC clones
                                            Other clones
                                              Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

                                              For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

                                              cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
                                              BDGP DGC clones
                                              Other clones
                                              RNAi and Array Information
                                              Linkouts
                                              DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                                              Antibody Information
                                              Laboratory Generated Antibodies
                                               
                                              Commercially Available Antibodies
                                               
                                              Cell Line Information
                                              Publicly Available Cell Lines
                                               
                                                Other Stable Cell Lines
                                                 
                                                  Other Comments
                                                  Relationship to Other Genes
                                                  Source for database merge of
                                                  Additional comments

                                                  Annotation CG8845 split into CG31776 and CG31956 in release 3 of the genome annotation.

                                                  (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003)

                                                  Source for split of: CG8845

                                                  (Schwientek et al., 2002)
                                                  Nomenclature History
                                                  Source for database identify of

                                                  Source for identity of: pgant4 CG31956

                                                  (Ten Hagen et al., 2003)
                                                  Nomenclature comments
                                                  Etymology
                                                  Synonyms and Secondary IDs (7)
                                                  Datasets (0)
                                                  Study focus (0)
                                                  Experimental Role
                                                  Project
                                                  Project Type
                                                  Title
                                                  Study result (0)
                                                  Result
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                                                  External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 48 )
                                                  Sequence Crossreferences
                                                  NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                                                  GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                                                  GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                                                  RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                                                  UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                                                  UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                                                  UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                                                  Other crossreferences
                                                  AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                                                  BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
                                                  DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                                                  EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                                                  FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                                                  FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
                                                  InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
                                                  KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                                                  MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                                                  Linkouts
                                                  Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
                                                  DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                                                  DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                                                  Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
                                                  FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                                                  FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                                                  FlyCyc Pathways - Pathways from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                                                  Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
                                                  Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
                                                  FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
                                                  Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
                                                  KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
                                                  KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
                                                  Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
                                                  References (48)