FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\Vml

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\Vml

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

Vitelline membrane-like

Annotation Symbol

CG34333

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0085362

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

3 publicly available

Gene Summary

Vitelline membrane-like (Vml) encodes a structural component of the vitelline membrane. It forms part of a localized structural signal that controls the formation and polarity of the dorsal-ventral axis of the embryo. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-21] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)

All Summaries

Gene Snapshot
Alliance
Auto summary
Gene Group
UniProtKB
Interactive Fly

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

2F4-2F4

Sequence location

X:2,275,822..2,277,781 [+]

Recombination map

1-0.9

RefSeq locus

NC_004354 REGION:2275822..2277781

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (5 terms)

Molecular Function (1 term)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables structural constituent of vitelline membrane

inferred from sequence model

(Alatortsev, 2006)

Biological Process (2 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in dorsal/ventral axis specification

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:pip; FB:FBgn0003089

(Zhang et al., 2009)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in vitelline membrane formation involved in chorion-containing eggshell formation

inferred from sequence model

(Alatortsev, 2006)

Cellular Component (2 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in vitelline envelope

inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Vm26Ab; FB:FBgn0003980

(Wu et al., 2010)

inferred from direct assay

(Zhang et al., 2009)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in egg coat

inferred from sequence model

(Alatortsev, 2006)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

VITELLINE MEMBRANE PROTEINS

Protein Family (UniProt)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Vitelline membrane cysteine-rich domain

Summaries

Gene Snapshot

Gene Group (FlyBase)

VITELLINE MEMBRANE PROTEINS -: Vitelline membrane proteins encode structural components of the outer layer of the eggshell. They are characterized by a proline-rich domain and are synthesized during the early stages of eggshell formation. (Adapted from FBrf0205662 and FBrf0209278.)

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

Major early eggshell protein secreted by folicle cells into the perivitelline space and incorporated into the vitelline membrane (PubMed:19540119). Localized sulfation by pip may be involved in embryo dorsal-ventral axis determination (PubMed:19540119).

(UniProt, A8JUV4)

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Vml for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry A8JUV4)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.49

Gene model reviewed during 6.02

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

Vml-RA

FBtr0112535

NM_001103396

1832

578

Vml-RB

FBtr0347302

NM_001316644

1960

578

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

Vml-PA

FBpp0111447

56.1

578

8.05

FBpp0312534

56.1

578

8.05

A8JUV4

NP_001303573

ALI51140

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

578 aa isoforms: Vml-PA, Vml-PB

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

Comments

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts with Vm26Aa and Vm26Ab; forms part of a disulfide-linked network within the vitelline membrane of stage 10 egg chambers.

(UniProt, A8JUV4)

Post Translational Modification

Becomes part of a disulfide-linked network including other vitelline membrane proteins, including Vm26Aa and Vm26Ab, during vitelline membrane biogenesis and maturation.

Sulfated by pip; probably involved in embryo dorsal-ventral axis determination (PubMed:19540119). Sulfation by pip may occur on covalently bound glycosaminoglycans (Probable).

(UniProt, A8JUV4)

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Vitelline membrane cysteine-rich domain

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

A8JUV4

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Vml using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

Vml_1
Vml_2

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.39

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

oogenesis stage S10

follicle cell

(Zhang et al., 2009)

Additional Descriptive Data

Vml transcripts are expressed throughout the follicle cell layer of stage 10 egg chambers.

(Zhang et al., 2009)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in vitelline envelope

inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Vm26Ab; FB:FBgn0003980

(Wu et al., 2010)

inferred from direct assay

(Zhang et al., 2009)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Vml in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\Vml

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\Vml

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

5740271/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0085362

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0085362

Images

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 1 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 3 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Vml

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Vml

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 0 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 0 )

Inferred from location ( 27 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (2)

Hsap\C2orf16

1 of 14

Yes

Hsap\PRX

1 of 14

Yes

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (1)

Rnor\Prx

1 of 14

Yes

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (1)

Mmus\Prx

1 of 14

Yes

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (0)

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (0)

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)

Cele\C31G12.4

1 of 14

Yes

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (0)

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (1)

Atha\PELPK1

1 of 13

Yes

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (1)

Scer\DDR48

1 of 13

Yes

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Vml. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (9)

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

Vml - Vm26Ab

affinity chromatography technology, western blot, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Wu et al., 2010)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

pip

enhanceable

Vml

(Zhang et al., 2009)

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts with Vm26Aa and Vm26Ab; forms part of a disulfide-linked network within the vitelline membrane of stage 10 egg chambers.

(UniProt, A8JUV4 )

Linkouts

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0085362

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

FlyBase

External Links

External Data

Linkouts

Class of Gene

gene_with_edited_transcript

(Graveley et al., 2011)

protein_coding_gene

(FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2007)

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

1-0.9

Cytogenetic map

2F4-2F4

Sequence location

X:2,275,822..2,277,781 [+]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

2F4-2F4

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

1-0.9

(FlyBase, 2016)

1-0.2

(Comeron et al., 2012)

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (3)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

Bloomington

24095

y¹ P{EPgy2}Vml^EY21650 w^67c23

VDRC

v50614

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD17456}v50614

v50615

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD17456}v50615

Genomic Clones (14)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (1)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0085362

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

Other Comments

New annotation (CG34333) in release 5.2 of the genome annotation.

(FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2007)

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Additional comments

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Source for identity of: Vml CG34333

(Alatortsev, 2006)

Nomenclature comments

Etymology

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (6)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

CG34333

(Zhang et al., 2009, FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2007)

CRM-80

(Wu et al., 2010)

Vml

(Mendoza Andrade et al., 2025, Miao et al., 2024, Pignataro et al., 2024, Sanderson et al., 2024, Ekhteraei-Tousi et al., 2020, Seong et al., 2020, Meltzer et al., 2019, Stobdan et al., 2019, Brown et al., 2014, Adrian and Comeron, 2013, Short and Lazzaro, 2013, Wu et al., 2010, Alatortsev, 2006)

vml

(Cornman, 2010)

Name Synonyms

Vitelline membrane-like

vitelline membrane-like

(Zhang et al., 2009)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 22 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

5740271

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

A8JUV4

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

A8JUV4

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

A8JUV4

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

5740271/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0085362

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0085362

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0085362

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Vitelline membrane cysteine-rich domain

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG34333

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

5740271

Linkouts

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0085362

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0085362

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

Vml_1
Vml_2

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0085362

References (24)

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

-0.39

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