FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\Xpac
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Xpac
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Xeroderma pigmentosum group A-like
Annotation Symbol
CG6358
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0004832
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
9 publicly available
Gene Summary
Involved in DNA excision repair. Initiates repair by binding to damaged sites with various affinities, depending on the photoproduct and the transcriptional state of the region (By similarity). (UniProt, P28518)
Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.
All Summaries
Also Known As

Dxpa, Xpa

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
4A5-4A5
Sequence location
Recombination map
1-6
RefSeq locus
NC_004354 REGION:4102955..4104197
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (8 terms)
Molecular Function (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables damaged DNA binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000465
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000015717
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Biological Process (5 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in nucleotide-excision repair
inferred from direct assay
(Shimamoto et al., 1995)
inferred from genetic interaction with UniProtKB:P23025
(Shimamoto et al., 1995)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in base-excision repair
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000015717
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in nucleotide-excision repair involved in interstrand cross-link repair
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000015717
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in nucleotide-excision repair, DNA damage recognition
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000015717
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in nucleotide-excision repair
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000465
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
involved_in UV-damage excision repair
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000015717
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Cellular Component (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Shimamoto et al., 1995)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of nucleotide-excision repair factor 1 complex
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000015717
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the XPA family. (P28518)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Involved in DNA excision repair. Initiates repair by binding to damaged sites with various affinities, depending on the photoproduct and the transcriptional state of the region (By similarity).
(UniProt, P28518)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Xpac for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry P28518)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.52

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Xpac-RA
FBtr0070670
NM_057518
1178
296
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

1.4 (northern blot)

(Shimamoto et al., 1995)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Xpac-PA
FBpp0070638
33.9
296
6.59
P28518
NP_476866
AAF45917
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

296 (aa)

(Shimamoto et al., 1995)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Xpac using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

3.74

Transcript Expression
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
(Shimamoto et al., 1995)
third instar larval stage
(Shimamoto et al., 1995)
prepupal stage
organism
(Shimamoto et al., 1995)
pupal stage
organism
(Shimamoto et al., 1995)
adult stage
(Shimamoto et al., 1995)
Additional Descriptive Data

Xpac transcript is expressed in embryos, third instar larvae, early and mid stage pupae, and in adults. Expression increases through development, with lowest levels detected in embryos, and highest levels in adults.

(Shimamoto et al., 1995)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
distribution deduced from reporter
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
(Shimamoto et al., 1995)
adult stage
muscle cell
(Shimamoto et al., 1995)
lamina
(Shimamoto et al., 1995)
retina
(Shimamoto et al., 1995)
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
larval ventral nerve cord
(Shimamoto et al., 1995)
adult stage
muscle cell
(Shimamoto et al., 1995)
adult central nervous system
(Shimamoto et al., 1995)
Additional Descriptive Data

Xpac protein is detected in the nuclei of central nervous system cells and muscles of adults, and in the ventral nerve cord of embryos. An XpacFBtr0091350:pb-XRlacZ protein fusion construct is expressed in the nuclei of cells in the lamina and retina of the eyes, in muscle nuclei of adult flies, and in all embryonic cells.

(Shimamoto et al., 1995)

An XpacFBtr0091350:pb-XRlacZ protein fusion construct is expressed in the nuclei of cells in the lamina and retina of adult eyes, in muscle nuclei of adult flies, and in all embryonic cells.

(Shimamoto et al., 1995)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Shimamoto et al., 1995)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Xpac in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 3 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 6 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Xpac
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Xpac
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 0 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 0 )
Inferred from location ( 11 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
Other Phenotypes
Allele
short lived | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (2)
Hsap\XPA
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
1  
Hsap\SLC30A9
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (2)
Rnor\Xpa
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Slc30a9
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (2)
Mmus\Xpa
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Slc30a9
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (2)
Xtro\xpa
11 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\ndufb10
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (2)
Drer\xpa
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\slc30a9
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)
Cele\xpa-1
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP007566
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (1)
Scer\RAD14
8 of 13
Yes
Yes
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)
Spom\rhp14
8 of 12
Yes
Yes
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Xpac. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    XPA; XPA, DNA damage recognition and repair factor
    14 of 14
    611153
     
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    Interaction Browsers
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    Interaction Browsers
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    External Data
    Linkouts
    BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Metabolic Pathways
    FlyBase
    External Links
    External Data
    Linkouts
    KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
    Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
    Class of Gene
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    X
    Recombination map
    1-6
    Cytogenetic map
    4A5-4A5
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    4A5-4A5
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}CG2930EP1352 and P{EP}EP425
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    3F6-3F8
    (Shimamoto, 1994.6.22)
    3F6-3F8
    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
    (Shimamoto et al., 1995)
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Location

    1-6

    (FlyBase, 2016)

    1-5.8

    (Comeron et al., 2012)

    1-

    (Shimamoto, 1994.6.22)
    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (9)
    Genomic Clones (9)
     

    Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

    cDNA Clones (5)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

      cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
      BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        RNAi and Array Information
        Linkouts
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        Antibody Information
        Laboratory Generated Antibodies
         

        polyclonal

        (Shimamoto et al., 1995)
        Commercially Available Antibodies
         
        Cell Line Information
        Publicly Available Cell Lines
         
          Other Stable Cell Lines
           
            Other Comments

            Gene is involved in pre-replication DNA repair of UV and AA lesions.

            (de Buendia, 1998)

            Xpac gene product is involved in nucleotide excision repair (NER) in vitro and in vivo. The gene is continually expressed in all stages of development with strong expression in the central nervous system and muscles.

            (Shimamoto et al., 1995)

            Interspecies conserved regions within the carboxyl terminus suggest the carboxyl terminal domain containing a zinc-finger motif plays an important role in the functioning of Xpac proteins.

            (Shimamoto et al., 1991)
            Relationship to Other Genes
            Source for database merge of
            Additional comments
            Nomenclature History
            Source for database identify of

            Source for identity of: Xpac CG6358

            (Zhao, 1999.11)
            Nomenclature comments
            Etymology
            Synonyms and Secondary IDs (14)
            Datasets (0)
            Study focus (0)
            Experimental Role
            Project
            Project Type
            Title
            Study result (0)
            Result
            Result Type
            Title
            External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 42 )
            Sequence Crossreferences
            NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
            GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
            GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
            RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
            UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
            UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
            Other crossreferences
            AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
            DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
            EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
            FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
            FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
            InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
            KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
            MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
            Linkouts
            BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
            Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
            DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
            DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
            Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
            FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
            FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
            Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
            FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
            iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
            KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
            MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
            Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
            References (44)