FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\melt
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\melt
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
melted
Annotation Symbol
CG8624
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0023001
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
9 publicly available
Gene Summary
melted (melt) encodes an evolutionarily conserved modulator of the insulin/PI3K signaling pathway. It also plays a post-mitotic role in R8 photoreceptor cells in the bistable choice of rhodopsin expression. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
65E4-65E5
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-19
RefSeq locus
NT_037436 REGION:7134516..7143074
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (11 terms)
Molecular Function (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables molecular sequestering activity
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Teleman et al., 2005)
enables phosphatidylinositol binding
inferred from direct assay
(Teleman et al., 2005)
enables phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate binding
inferred from direct assay
(Teleman et al., 2005)
enables protein binding
inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q95V55
(Teleman et al., 2005)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002330168
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Biological Process (6 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in cell fate specification
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Jukam et al., 2013)
involved_in cellular response to starvation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Teleman et al., 2005)
involved_in positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Teleman et al., 2005)
involved_in positive regulation of TORC1 signaling
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Teleman et al., 2005)
involved_in R8 cell fate specification
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Jukam and Desplan, 2011, Mikeladze-Dvali et al., 2005)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in regulation of signal transduction
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002330168
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Cellular Component (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in plasma membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Teleman et al., 2005)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in plasma membrane
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002330168
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Pathway (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the MELT/VEPH family. (Q9VS24)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
melted (melt) encodes an evolutionarily conserved modulator of the insulin/PI3K signaling pathway. It also plays a post-mitotic role in R8 photoreceptor cells in the bistable choice of rhodopsin expression. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
Pathway (FlyBase)
POSITIVE REGULATORS OF INSULIN-LIKE RECEPTOR SIGNALING PATHWAY -
Positive regulators of the Insulin-like Receptor signaling pathway enhance Insulin-like receptor (InR) activation or the activity of intracellular effectors. (Adapted from FBrf0232297, FBrf0230017 and FBrf0229989).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Participates in fat metabolism regulation by recruiting FOXO and the TSC1-TSC2 complex to the cell membrane, which positively regulates TOR activity and negatively regulates the expression of FOXO target genes. Involved in R8 photoreceptor subtype specification. During early embryonic development, may be required for ectodermal patterning.
(UniProt, Q9VS24)
Summary (Interactive Fly)

evolutionarily conserved modulator of the insulin/PI3K signaling pathway - mutants mimic the effects of nutrient deprivation producing adults with 40% less fat than normal - binds to Tsc1 and modulates TOR activity

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
3
Number of Unique Polypeptides
3

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\melt for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9VS24)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
melt-RB
FBtr0100141
NM_001014572
4068
988
melt-RC
FBtr0302044
NM_079229
4086
994
melt-RD
FBtr0333373
NM_001274566
4366
992
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
melt-PB
FBpp0099491
107.5
988
9.34
NP_001014572
AAX52758
melt-PC
FBpp0291254
108.1
994
9.27
Q9VS24
NP_523953
AAF50606
melt-PD
FBpp0305565
107.9
992
9.27
M9PEK0
NP_001261495
AGB94190
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts with TSC1 and FOXO.

(UniProt, Q9VS24)
Domain

The PH domain is required for membrane targeting.

(UniProt, Q9VS24)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\melt using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.53

Transcript Expression
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in plasma membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Teleman et al., 2005)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\melt in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 12 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 10 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of melt
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of melt
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 4 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (1)
Hsap\VEPH1
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
1  
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (1)
Rnor\Veph1
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (1)
Mmus\Veph1
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (2)
Xtro\veph1
11 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\spsb4
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (1)
Drer\veph1
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)
Cele\K10B4.3
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP007472
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:melt. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    VEPH1; ventricular zone expressed PH domain containing 1
    14 of 14
    609594
         
        Functional Complementation Data
        Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
        Interactions
        Summary of Physical Interactions
        Summary of Genetic Interactions
        Interaction Browsers
        View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
        Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        lok
        suppressible
        melt
        (Park and Song, 2008)
        sev
        suppressible
        melt
        (Mikeladze-Dvali et al., 2005)
        External Data
        Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
        Interacts with TSC1 and FOXO.
        (UniProt, Q9VS24 )
        Linkouts
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        Pathways
        Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
        Metabolic Pathways
        FlyBase
        External Links
        External Data
        Linkouts
        Class of Gene
        Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
        Chromosome (arm)
        3L
        Recombination map
        3-19
        Cytogenetic map
        65E4-65E5
        Sequence location
        FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Evidence for location
        65E4-65E5
        Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}l(3)L4060L4060 and P{PZ}corn04202
        Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Notes
        References
        65E-65E
        (Prokopenko, 1999.8.3, Prokopenko, 1999.11.16)
        65E-65E
        (determined by in situ hybridisation)
        (Szeged Stock Center, 1998-, Deak et al., 1997, Salzberg et al., 1997)
        Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
        Location

        3-19

        (FlyBase, 2016)

        3-16.6

        (Comeron et al., 2012)
        Left of (cM)
        Right of (cM)
        Notes
        Stocks and Reagents
        Stocks (9)
        Genomic Clones (17)
         

        Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

        cDNA Clones (22)
         

        Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

        cDNA clones, fully sequenced
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

          For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

          cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
          BDGP DGC clones
          Other clones
          RNAi and Array Information
          Linkouts
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          Antibody Information
          Laboratory Generated Antibodies
           
          Commercially Available Antibodies
           
          Cell Line Information
          Publicly Available Cell Lines
           
            Other Stable Cell Lines
             
              Other Comments

              Genetic analysis of double mutants shows that melt acts upstream of wts.

              (Mikeladze-Dvali et al., 2005)

              dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology.

              (Kiger et al., 2003)

              Area matching Drosophila EST AA698011.

              (Davies, 2001.3.15)

              Candidate gene for quantitative trait (QTL) locus determining bristle number.

              (Nuzhdin et al., 1999)

              Gene identified during a P{lacW} screen shown to cause abnormal morphology of neurons.

              (Salzberg et al., 1997)
              Relationship to Other Genes
              Source for database merge of

              Source for merge of: melt anon-WO03014152.10

              (FlyBase, 1996-)
              Additional comments

              Source for merge of melt anon-WO03014152.10 was sequence comparison ( date:031211 ).

              (FlyBase, 1996-)
              Nomenclature History
              Source for database identify of
              Nomenclature comments
              Etymology
              Synonyms and Secondary IDs (9)
              Datasets (0)
              Study focus (0)
              Experimental Role
              Project
              Project Type
              Title
              Study result (0)
              Result
              Result Type
              Title
              External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 52 )
              Sequence Crossreferences
              NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
              GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
              GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
              RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
              UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
              UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
              UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
              Other crossreferences
              AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
              BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
              DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
              EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
              FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
              FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
              InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
              KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
              MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
              Linkouts
              Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
              DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
              DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
              Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
              FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
              FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
              Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
              Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
              iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
              Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
              MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
              References (101)