FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\ItgaPS5
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\ItgaPS5
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Integrin alphaPS5 subunit
Annotation Symbol
CG5372
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0034880
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
6 publicly available
Gene Summary
Possible role in cell-cell interactions. Minor involvement in the establishment of the oocyte anterior-posterior length. (UniProt, Q9W1M8)
Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.
All Summaries
Also Known As

αPS5, alphaPS5, ItgαPS5, α-PS5

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
59E4-59E4
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-103
RefSeq locus
NT_033778 REGION:23556672..23560263
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (12 terms)
Molecular Function (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables protein heterodimerization activity
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with FLYBASE:mys; FB:FBgn0004657
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
enables signaling receptor activity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001144284
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Biological Process (7 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in oocyte growth
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Dinkins et al., 2008)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (6 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in cell adhesion mediated by integrin
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with FLYBASE:mys; FB:FBgn0004657
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
involved_in cell adhesion
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000413
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
involved_in cell-cell adhesion
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001144284
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in cell-matrix adhesion
traceable author statement
(Hynes and Zhao, 2000)
involved_in heterophilic cell-cell adhesion
traceable author statement
(Hynes and Zhao, 2000)
involved_in integrin-mediated signaling pathway
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001144284
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Cellular Component (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in cell surface
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001144284
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
part_of integrin complex
inferred from sequence or structural similarity
(Brown, 2000)
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001144284
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
non-traceable author statement
(Brower, 2003)
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000413
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with FLYBASE:mys; FB:FBgn0004657
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with FLYBASE:scb; FB:FBgn0286785
(Hynes and Zhao, 2000)
located_in membrane
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with FLYBASE:mys; FB:FBgn0004657
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the integrin alpha chain family. (Q9W1M8)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Group (FlyBase)
INTEGRINS -
Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane receptors composed of an α and β subunit that mediate cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix adhesion. As well as maintaining tissue integrity, they are involved in morphogenesis and development. (Adapted from FBrf0167428).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Possible role in cell-cell interactions. Minor involvement in the establishment of the oocyte anterior-posterior length.
(UniProt, Q9W1M8)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\ItgaPS5 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9W1M8)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.52

Gene model reviewed during 6.23

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
ItgaPS5-RB
FBtr0473618
NM_137964
3207
1018
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
ItgaPS5-PB
FBpp0423081
112.7
1018
6.29
AAF47029
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Heterodimer of an alpha and a beta subunit. Alpha-PS5 associates with beta-PS (By similarity).

(UniProt, Q9W1M8)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records
 
UniProt
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\ItgaPS5 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.33

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
oogenesis stage S11 -- S12
main body follicle cell
(Dinkins et al., 2008)
oogenesis stage S11 -- S13
dorsal appendage forming follicle cell
(Dinkins et al., 2008)
Additional Descriptive Data

ItgaPS5 is expressed in all follicle cells overlying the oocyte during oogenesis stages 11 and 12. The most intense staining develops at stage 12 in cells covering the anterior end of the oocyte and in cells that form the dorsal appendages.

(Dinkins et al., 2008)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\ItgaPS5 in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 2 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 4 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of ItgaPS5
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of ItgaPS5
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 1 )
Gene disrupted in
Df(2R)Exel7180
(Ryder, 2004.4.26)
Inferred from location ( 5 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable (with Df(2R)BSC785)
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (18)
Hsap\ITGA4
4 of 14
Yes
No
Hsap\ITGA9
4 of 14
Yes
No
Hsap\ITGA1
3 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ITGA2
3 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ITGA10
3 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ITGA11
3 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ITGAD
3 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ITGAE
3 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\ITGAL
3 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ITGAM
3 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ITGAX
3 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ITGA2B
2 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\ITGA3
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ITGA6
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ITGA8
2 of 14
No
No
2  
Hsap\ITGAV
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ITGA5
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ITGA7
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (17)
Rnor\Itga4
4 of 14
Yes
No
Rnor\Itga9
4 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Itga1
3 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Itga2
3 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Itga10
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Itga11
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Itgad
3 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Itgae
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Itgal
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Itgax
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Itga2b
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Itga3
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Itga5
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Itga6
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Itga7
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Itga8
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Itgav
2 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (18)
Mmus\Itga9
4 of 14
Yes
No
Mmus\Itga1
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Itga2
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Itga4
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Itga10
3 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Itga11
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Itgad
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Itgae
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Itgal
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Itgam
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Itgax
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Itga2b
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Itga3
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Itga5
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Itga6
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Itga7
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Itga8
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Itgav
2 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (22)
Xtro\itga4
3 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\ess2
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\itga1
2 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\itga9
2 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\itga11
2 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\itgad
2 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\kansl1l
2 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\LOC101731775
2 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\extl3
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\haus2
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\hmgn3
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\itga2
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\itga3
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\itga6
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\itga8
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\itga10
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\itgav
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\nat8.5
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\nuak2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\spata18b
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\tsc22d2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\zp4
1 of 13
No
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (22)
Drer\itga4
4 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\itga9
4 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\itga1
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\itga2.2
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\itga3a
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\itga3b
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\itga6a
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\itga10
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\itga11a
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\itga11b
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\itgae.2
3 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\itgam.1
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\zmp:0000001082
3 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\itga2b
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\itga5
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\itga6b
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\itga8
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\itgae.1
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\itgav
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\itga6l
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\itgam.2
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\itgb5
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (2)
Cele\ina-1
2 of 14
Yes
No
Cele\pat-2
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (4)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP004303
10 of 12
Yes
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP006826
10 of 12
Yes
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP000032
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP000307
2 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:ItgaPS5. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (4)
ItgaPS4
10 of 13
scb
10 of 13
if
4 of 13
mew
4 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    ITGA4; integrin subunit alpha 4
    4 of 14
    192975
        ITGA9; integrin subunit alpha 9
        4 of 14
        603963
            ITGA1; integrin subunit alpha 1
            3 of 14
            192968
                ITGA2; integrin subunit alpha 2
                3 of 14
                192974
                  ITGA10; integrin subunit alpha 10
                  3 of 14
                  604042
                      ITGA11; integrin subunit alpha 11
                      3 of 14
                      604789
                          ITGAD; integrin subunit alpha D
                          3 of 14
                          602453
                              ITGAE; integrin subunit alpha E
                              3 of 14
                              604682
                                   
                                  ITGAL; integrin subunit alpha L
                                  3 of 14
                                  153370
                                      ITGAM; integrin subunit alpha M
                                      3 of 14
                                      120980
                                          ITGAX; integrin subunit alpha X
                                          3 of 14
                                          151510
                                              Functional Complementation Data
                                              Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
                                              Interactions
                                              Summary of Physical Interactions
                                              Interaction Browsers
                                              Summary of Genetic Interactions
                                              Interaction Browsers
                                              Starting gene(s)
                                              Interaction type
                                              Interacting gene(s)
                                              Reference
                                              Starting gene(s)
                                              Interaction type
                                              Interacting gene(s)
                                              Reference
                                              External Data
                                              Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
                                              Heterodimer of an alpha and a beta subunit. Alpha-PS5 associates with beta-PS (By similarity).
                                              (UniProt, Q9W1M8 )
                                              Linkouts
                                              BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                                              DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                                              Pathways
                                              Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
                                              Metabolic Pathways
                                              FlyBase
                                              External Links
                                              External Data
                                              Linkouts
                                              Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
                                              Class of Gene
                                              Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
                                              Chromosome (arm)
                                              2R
                                              Recombination map
                                              2-103
                                              Cytogenetic map
                                              59E4-59E4
                                              Sequence location
                                              FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
                                              Cytogenetic map
                                              Evidence for location
                                              59E4-59E4
                                              Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}Dcp-102132 and P{EP}aptEP2339&P{PZ}apt06369
                                              Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
                                              Cytogenetic map
                                              Notes
                                              References
                                              Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
                                              Location

                                              2-103

                                              (FlyBase, 2016)

                                              2-108.4

                                              (Comeron et al., 2012)
                                              Left of (cM)
                                              Right of (cM)
                                              Notes
                                              Stocks and Reagents
                                              Stocks (6)
                                              Genomic Clones (14)
                                               

                                              Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

                                              cDNA Clones (1)
                                               

                                              Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

                                              cDNA clones, fully sequenced
                                              BDGP DGC clones
                                                Other clones
                                                  Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

                                                  For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

                                                  cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
                                                  BDGP DGC clones
                                                    Other clones
                                                      RNAi and Array Information
                                                      Linkouts
                                                      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                                                      Antibody Information
                                                      Laboratory Generated Antibodies
                                                       
                                                      Commercially Available Antibodies
                                                       
                                                      Cell Line Information
                                                      Publicly Available Cell Lines
                                                       
                                                        Other Stable Cell Lines
                                                         
                                                          Other Comments
                                                          Relationship to Other Genes
                                                          Source for database merge of
                                                          Additional comments
                                                          Nomenclature History
                                                          Source for database identify of

                                                          Source for identity of: αPS5 CG5372

                                                          (Hynes and Zhao, 2000)

                                                          Source for identity of: ItgaPS5 αPS5

                                                          (Brown et al., 2013.2.5)
                                                          Nomenclature comments
                                                          Etymology
                                                          Synonyms and Secondary IDs (11)
                                                          Datasets (0)
                                                          Study focus (0)
                                                          Experimental Role
                                                          Project
                                                          Project Type
                                                          Title
                                                          Study result (0)
                                                          Result
                                                          Result Type
                                                          Title
                                                          External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 29 )
                                                          Sequence Crossreferences
                                                          NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                                                          GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                                                          RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                                                          UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                                                          UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                                                          Other crossreferences
                                                          AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                                                          DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                                                          EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                                                          FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                                                          FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
                                                          InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
                                                          KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                                                          MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                                                          Linkouts
                                                          BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                                                          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
                                                          DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                                                          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                                                          FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                                                          FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                                                          Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
                                                          FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
                                                          Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
                                                          References (63)