FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\scb

FB2026_02 , released June 18, 2026

FB2026_02 , released June 18, 2026

Gene: Dmel\scb

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\scb

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

scab

Annotation Symbol

CG8095

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0286785

Gene Model Status

Stock Availability

24 publicly available

Gene Summary

scab (scb) encodes the α-PS3 Integrin, believed to dimerise with mys and possibly Itgbn. It regulates adhesion, signalling, polarity and cell migration. Genetic interaction with Laminin genes implicates them as extracellular matrix ligands. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)

All Summaries

Gene Snapshot
Alliance
Auto summary
Gene Group
UniProtKB
Red Book
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

αPS3, Volado, Vol, l(2)51Ea, α_PS3

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

Sequence location

2R:15,248,784..15,258,498 [+]

Recombination map

2-74

RefSeq locus

NT_033778 REGION:15248784..15258498

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (32 terms)

Molecular Function (2 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables protein heterodimerization activity

inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:mys; FB:FBgn0004657

(Stark et al., 1997)

inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Itgbn; FB:FBgn0010395

(Nonaka et al., 2013)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables signaling receptor activity

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001144284

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Biological Process (23 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (13 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in apoptotic cell clearance

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Nonaka et al., 2013)

involved_in axon guidance

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Stevens and Jacobs, 2002)

involved_in behavioral response to ethanol

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Kong et al., 2010)

involved_in dorsal closure

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Wada et al., 2007, MacMullin and Jacobs, 2006, Stark et al., 1997)

involved_in dorsal trunk growth, open tracheal system

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Stark et al., 1997)

involved_in heart morphogenesis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Stark et al., 1997)

involved_in larval heart development

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Vanderploeg et al., 2012)

involved_in negative regulation of cell migration

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Dinkins et al., 2008)

involved_in negative regulation of synaptic assembly at neuromuscular junction

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Fak; FB:FBgn0020440

(Tsai et al., 2008)

involved_in oocyte growth

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Dinkins et al., 2008)

involved_in phagocytosis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Nonaka et al., 2013)

involved_in salivary gland development

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Stark et al., 1997)

involved_in wound healing

inferred from high throughput mutant phenotype

(Campos et al., 2010)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (10 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in cell adhesion mediated by integrin

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with FLYBASE:mys; FB:FBgn0004657

(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)

involved_in cell adhesion

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000413

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

involved_in cell migration

traceable author statement

(Brown, 2000)

involved_in cell-cell adhesion

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001144284

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

involved_in cell-matrix adhesion

traceable author statement

(Hynes and Zhao, 2000)

involved_in heterophilic cell-cell adhesion

traceable author statement

(Hynes and Zhao, 2000)

involved_in integrin-mediated signaling pathway

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001144284

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

involved_in memory

traceable author statement

(Waddell and Quinn, 2001)

involved_in midgut development

traceable author statement

(Brown, 2000)

involved_in short-term memory

traceable author statement

(Burrell and Sahley, 2001)

Cellular Component (7 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (5 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in apical plasma membrane

inferred from direct assay

(Dinkins et al., 2008)

located_in basal plasma membrane

inferred from direct assay

(Dinkins et al., 2008)

located_in cytoplasm

inferred from direct assay

(Dinkins et al., 2008)

part_of integrin complex

inferred from direct assay

(Nonaka et al., 2013)

inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:mys; FB:FBgn0004657

(Stark et al., 1997)

located_in membrane

inferred from direct assay

(Nonaka et al., 2013)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

is_active_in cell surface

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001144284

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

located_in focal adhesion

traceable author statement

(Hynes and Zhao, 2000)

part_of integrin complex

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001144284

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000413

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

Protein Family (UniProt)

Belongs to the integrin alpha chain family. (O44386)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Summaries

Gene Snapshot

scab (scb) encodes the α-PS3 Integrin, believed to dimerise with mys and possibly Itgbn. It regulates adhesion, signalling, polarity and cell migration. Genetic interaction with Laminin genes implicates them as extracellular matrix ligands. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]

Gene Group (FlyBase)

INTEGRINS -: Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane receptors composed of an α and β subunit that mediate cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix adhesion. As well as maintaining tissue integrity, they are involved in morphogenesis and development. (Adapted from FBrf0167428).

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

Integrin alpha-PS3/beta-PS is a receptor for laminin. Also binds to wb. Important during embryogenesis for the development of the trachea, dorsal vessel and salivary gland, as well as for dorsal closure. Required for short-term memory processes. Minor involvement in the establishment of the oocyte anterior-posterior length. Plays a role in timely border cell migration during oogenesis, probably mediated by JNK signaling. Integrin alpha-PS3/Itgbn is required for effective phagocytosis of apoptotic cells during embryonic development and for the phagocytic elimination of S.aureus by mediating the binding of S.aureus peptidoglycan to larval hemocytes, which probably activates a signaling pathway involving Rac1 and Rac2. Integrin alpha-PS3/Itgbn also regulates Fak activity during neuromuscular junction (NMJ) growth and is required for its activation in presynapsis of NMJs. Seems to be dispensable for major morphogenetic processes.

(UniProt, O44386)

Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)

scb: scab (C. Nusslein-Volhard)

Embryonic lethal. Embryos have small mid-dorsal hole with necrotic rim.

Summary (Interactive Fly)

α-PS3 integrin - involved in dorsal closure, tracheal and salivary gland development and in the localization of pericardial cells - thought to dimerize with Myospheroid and possibly Integrin betanu subunit - Scb regulates adhesion, signalling, polarity and cell migration - genetic interaction with Laminin genes implicates them as extracellular matrix ligands

Interactive Fly

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

2

Number of Unique Polypeptides

2

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\scb for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry O44386)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.50

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

FBtr0087370

4304

1115

FBtr0087369

4643

1115

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

4.6, 4.4 (northern blot)

(Grotewiel et al., 1998)

4.9, 4.5 (northern blot)

(Stark et al., 1997)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

FBpp0086502

124.3

1115

5.50

FBpp0086501

124.5

1115

5.86

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

1115 (aa)

(Grotewiel et al., 1998)

1115 (aa); 90 (kD observed)

(Stark et al., 1997)

Comments

scb proteins contain a single transmembrane domain near the carboxy terminus. They differ only in the first 63 amino acids.

(Grotewiel et al., 1998)

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Heterodimer of an alpha and a beta subunit. The alpha subunit is composed of a heavy and a light chain linked by a disulfide bond. Interacts with mys/beta-PS and Itgbn.

(UniProt, O44386)

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\scb using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.20

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage

epithelial cell

• cytoplasm | apical

Comment: clustered apical distribution

(Lecuyer et al., 2007)

• cytoplasm | apical

(Lecuyer et al., 2007)

pre-blastoderm stage

organism | ubiquitous

(Stark et al., 1997)

embryonic stage 5 -- 6

dorsal ectoderm anlage | posterior | restricted

(Sawala et al., 2015)

embryonic stage 7

amnioproctodeal invagination

(Stark et al., 1997)

embryonic stage 8 -- 14

(Stark et al., 1997)

embryonic stage 9

(Stark et al., 1997)

visceral trunk mesoderm | presumptive

(Stark et al., 1997)

embryonic stage 11

posterior midgut primordium

(Stark et al., 1997)

anterior midgut primordium

(Stark et al., 1997)

embryonic stage 11 -- 15

presumptive embryonic salivary gland

(Bradley et al., 2003)

embryonic stage 13

proventriculus anlage

(Stark et al., 1997)

embryonic stage 13 -- 16

embryonic posterior midline glial cell

(Kearney et al., 2004)

embryonic stage 13 -- 17

embryonic/larval midgut

(Stark et al., 1997)

embryonic/larval salivary gland

(Stark et al., 1997)

embryonic stage 15

embryonic/larval dorsal vessel

(Stark et al., 1997)

embryonic stage 15 -- 16

(Stark et al., 1997)

embryonic stage 15 -- 17

larval antenno-maxillary sensory complex

(Stark et al., 1997)

embryonic stage 16

embryonic midgut constriction

(Stark et al., 1997)

larval ventral nerve cord | restricted

(Stark et al., 1997)

embryonic/larval salivary gland duct

(Stark et al., 1997)

embryonic stage 17

(Stark et al., 1997)

embryonic/larval tracheal transverse connective

(Stark et al., 1997)

embryonic/larval tracheal dorsal trunk

(Stark et al., 1997)

embryonic/larval anterior spiracle

(Stark et al., 1997)

oogenesis stage S10A

border follicle cell

(Dinkins et al., 2008)

stretch follicle cell

(Dinkins et al., 2008)

oogenesis stage S10B -- S13

dorsal appendage forming follicle cell

(Dinkins et al., 2008)

northern blot

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage -- adult stage

(Stark et al., 1997)

embryonic stage & pupal stage & adult stage

(Stark et al., 1997)

Additional Descriptive Data

scb appears in border cells and in stretch cells at oogenesis stage 10A. It is also strongly expressed in cells that will form the dorsal appendages at stages 10B and 11 and persists until stage 13.

(Dinkins et al., 2008)

scb transcript was first detected in late stage 11 embryonic salivary gland after initiation of mew expression. Low levels of expression persisted in all salivary gland cells until stage 15, at which time scb was expressed at a high level.

(Bradley et al., 2003)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

immunodetection (other than il)

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage

embryonic/larval hemocyte

(Nonaka et al., 2013)

immunolocalization

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

oogenesis stage S10B -- S11

dorsal appendage forming follicle cell

(Dinkins et al., 2008)

oogenesis stage S10B -- S14

stretch follicle cell

(Dinkins et al., 2008)

oogenesis stage S13

main body follicle cell

(Dinkins et al., 2008)

mass spectroscopy

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

• membrane

(Aradska et al., 2015)

western blot

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage -- adult stage

Comment: highest levels in pupae

(Nonaka et al., 2013)

Additional Descriptive Data

The α3 integrin scb is generally enriched along the interface between the muscle layer and the epithelium of the midgut.

(Lin et al., 2013)

Co-localization with a hemocyte GFP marker shows that scb is present on the surface of embryonic hemocytes. A developmental western blot shows the hightest levels of scb protein in pupae and the lowest levels in larvae.

(Nonaka et al., 2013)

scb protein is observed starting in mid-oogenesis in dorsal appendage forming follicle cells, in stretch follicle cells, and in a posterior patch of follicle cells overlying the oocyte.

(Dinkins et al., 2008)

scb protein is concentrated in the mushroom body (corpora pedunculata) perikarya, calyces, peduncles and α, β, and γ lobes in adults. It is also observed in the ellipsoid body.

(Grotewiel et al., 1998)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in apical plasma membrane

inferred from direct assay

(Dinkins et al., 2008)

located_in basal plasma membrane

inferred from direct assay

(Dinkins et al., 2008)

located_in cytoplasm

inferred from direct assay

(Dinkins et al., 2008)

part_of integrin complex

inferred from direct assay

(Nonaka et al., 2013)

inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:mys; FB:FBgn0004657

(Stark et al., 1997)

located_in membrane

inferred from direct assay

(Nonaka et al., 2013)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

Reporter: P{GawB}scb^NP7060

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

third instar larval stage

inner layer of the larval mushroom body

(Pauls et al., 2010, Pauls et al., 2010)

outer layer of the larval mushroom body

(Pauls et al., 2010, Pauls et al., 2010)

core layer of the larval mushroom body

(Pauls et al., 2010, Pauls et al., 2010)

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\scb in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\scb

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\scb

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

36692/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0286785

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0003328

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0286785

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG8095

Images

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 38 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 12 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of scb

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of scb

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 17 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 17 )

Gene not disrupted in

(Brumby et al., 2004)

(Kahsai and Cook, 2018)

(Kahsai and Cook, 2018)

(Brumby et al., 2004, Sekelsky et al., 2000)

(Sekelsky et al., 2000, Van Daele, 1998.8.11)

(Underwood et al., 1990)

(Underwood et al., 1990)

(Underwood et al., 1990)

Inferred from location ( 6 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

scb^{MI03836-GFSTF.2}

lethal (with Df(2R)BSC346)

scb²

lethal | heat sensitive

scb^fs14

lethal | recessive

lethal - all die before end of larval stage

lethal - all die before end of larval stage | recessive

lethal - all die before end of pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

scb^GD2006

lethal - all die during embryonic stage

lethal - all die during embryonic stage | recessive

partially lethal - majority die

scb⁰¹²⁸⁸

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

scb^GD2006

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

scb^GD2006

Sterility

Allele

scb^fs14

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal learning | dominant

abnormal learning | recessive

scb^Vol-1

abnormal learning | semidominant

abnormal memory

abnormal memory | dominant

abnormal neuroanatomy

scb^unspecified

abnormal neuroanatomy (with Df(2R)Jp1)

scb^unspecified

abnormal neuroanatomy (with Df(2R)Jp4)

scb^unspecified

abnormal neuroanatomy (with Df(2R)XTE-18)

scb^unspecified

abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage

abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

scb^EP2591

abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^repo

abnormal neurophysiology

abnormal neurophysiology | larval stage

abnormal size | adult stage | somatic clone

chemical resistant

scb^NP7060

decreased cell number | adult stage | somatic clone

increased rate of movement | conditional

scb^NP7060

some die during embryonic stage

some die during embryonic stage | recessive

some die during larval stage

some die during larval stage | recessive

some die during pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

scb^GD2006

visible | somatic clone

scb¹

scb^s.hs

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

adult dorsal superficial tracheal branch

adult posterior midgut epithelium | somatic clone

scb^Vol-3

anterior fascicle & synapse, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

scb^EP2591

axon terminus | increased number

bouton | increased number

cell leading edge

scb^Vol-3

embryo | dorsal

scb^unspecified

embryo | dorsal closure stage

scb⁰¹²⁸⁸

embryo | embryonic stage 14

scb^Vol-3

embryo | germline clone

embryo | germline clone (with Df(2R)Jp1)

scb²

embryo | germline clone (with scb²)

scb^5J38

embryo | germline clone (with scb^5J38)

scb²

embryonic/first instar larval cuticle

scb¹

embryonic/larval hemocyte, with Scer\GAL4^srp.Hemo

scb^NIG.8095R

embryonic/larval hemocyte | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Pxn.PS

embryonic/larval optic stalk | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^repo

embryonic/larval salivary gland | embryonic stage

embryonic dorsal epidermis

embryonic heart cardioblast

scb²

embryonic heart cardioblast, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

scb^KK106326

extracellular matrix | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^repo

scb^JF02696

eye disc | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^repo

eye photoreceptor cell | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^repo

scb^unspecified

fascicle (with Df(2R)Jp1)

scb^unspecified

fascicle (with Df(2R)Jp4)

scb^unspecified

fascicle (with Df(2R)XTE-18)

scb^unspecified

filamentous actin

scb^Vol-3

germ band | germline clone

germ band | germline clone (with Df(2R)Jp1)

scb²

germ band | germline clone (with scb²)

scb^5J38

germ band | germline clone (with scb^5J38)

scb²

larval intersegmental nerve, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

scb^EP2591

mitotic domain 1 | embryonic stage 13

scb^Vol-3

mitotic domain 1 | embryonic stage 15

scb^Vol-3

mitotic domain 1 | extended germ band stage

neuromuscular junction

pericardial cell

tracheal branch primordium

scb^Vol-3

wing vein | dorsal | somatic clone

scb¹

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (19)

5 of 14

Yes

Yes

5 of 14

Yes

Yes

4 of 14

No

Yes

4 of 14

No

Yes

4 of 14

No

Yes

4 of 14

No

Yes

4 of 14

No

Yes

4 of 14

No

Yes

1

4 of 14

No

Yes

4 of 14

No

Yes

4 of 14

No

Yes

3 of 14

No

No

1

3 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

No

2

3 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (19)

5 of 14

Yes

Yes

4 of 14

No

Yes

4 of 14

No

Yes

4 of 14

No

Yes

4 of 14

No

Yes

4 of 14

No

Yes

4 of 14

No

Yes

3 of 14

No

Yes

3 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

Yes

3 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

Yes

2 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

Yes

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (19)

5 of 14

Yes

Yes

4 of 14

No

Yes

4 of 14

No

Yes

4 of 14

No

Yes

4 of 14

No

Yes

4 of 14

No

Yes

4 of 14

No

Yes

4 of 14

No

Yes

4 of 14

No

Yes

4 of 14

No

Yes

3 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

Yes

3 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (30)

3 of 13

Yes

Yes

2 of 13

No

No

2 of 13

No

Yes

2 of 13

No

Yes

2 of 13

No

Yes

2 of 13

No

Yes

2 of 13

No

Yes

Xtro\LOC101731775

2 of 13

No

Yes

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

Yes

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

Yes

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

Yes

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

Yes

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

Yes

1 of 13

No

Yes

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (21)

5 of 14

Yes

Yes

4 of 14

No

Yes

4 of 14

No

Yes

4 of 14

No

No

4 of 14

No

No

4 of 14

No

Yes

4 of 14

No

No

4 of 14

No

Yes

4 of 14

No

Yes

4 of 14

No

Yes

4 of 14

No

Yes

3 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

Yes

3 of 14

No

No

Drer\zmp:0000001082

3 of 14

No

Yes

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

Yes

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (2)

3 of 14

Yes

No

2 of 14

No

No

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (4)

Agam\AgaP_AGAP004303

11 of 12

Yes

Yes

Agam\AgaP_AGAP006826

11 of 12

Yes

Yes

Agam\AgaP_AGAP000032

3 of 12

No

No

Agam\AgaP_AGAP000307

3 of 12

No

No

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:scb. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (4)

11 of 13

10 of 13

5 of 13

5 of 13

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Alzheimer disease, susceptibility to (postulated), ITGAM-ITGA9-related

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 5 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

ameliorates tauopathy

modeled by Hsap\MAPT^V337M.UAS

(Shulman et al., 2014)

exacerbates tauopathy

modeled by Hsap\MAPT^V337M.UAS

(Shulman et al., 2014)

exacerbates tauopathy

modeled by Hsap\MAPT^V337M.UAS

(Shulman et al., 2014)

ameliorates Huntington's disease

modeled by Hsap\HTT^{128Q.1-231.UAS}

(Hernandez et al., 2023)

ameliorates tauopathy

modeled by Hsap\MAPT^V337M.UAS

(Shulman et al., 2014)

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

ITGA4; integrin subunit alpha 4

5 of 14

ITGA9; integrin subunit alpha 9

5 of 14

ITGA1; integrin subunit alpha 1

4 of 14

ITGA2; integrin subunit alpha 2

4 of 14

FETOMATERNAL ALLOIMMUNE THROMBOCYTOPENIA 3; FMAIT3

ITGA10; integrin subunit alpha 10

4 of 14

ITGA11; integrin subunit alpha 11

4 of 14

ITGAD; integrin subunit alpha D

4 of 14

ITGAE; integrin subunit alpha E

4 of 14

ITGAL; integrin subunit alpha L

4 of 14

EPIDERMODYSPLASIA VERRUCIFORMIS, SUSCEPTIBILITY TO, 6; EV6

ITGAM; integrin subunit alpha M

4 of 14

ITGAX; integrin subunit alpha X

4 of 14

ITGA2B; integrin subunit alpha 2b

3 of 14

ITGA6; integrin subunit alpha 6

3 of 14

EPIDERMOLYSIS BULLOSA, JUNCTIONAL 6, WITH PYLORIC ATRESIA; JEB6

ITGA8; integrin subunit alpha 8

3 of 14

RENAL HYPODYSPLASIA/APLASIA 1; RHDA1

renal agenesis

ITGAV; integrin subunit alpha V

3 of 14

IMMUNE DYSREGULATION, NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DEFECTS, AND COLITIS; IDNDC

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

pull down, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Garelli et al., 2015)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Nonaka et al., 2013)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, protein sequence identification

(Stark et al., 1997)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Sawala et al., 2015)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

suppressible

(Stevens and Jacobs, 2002)

enhanceable

(MacMullin and Jacobs, 2006, Stevens and Jacobs, 2002)

enhanceable

(Stevens and Jacobs, 2002)

enhanceable

(Araujo et al., 2003)

enhanceable

(Schock and Perrimon, 2003)

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

suppressible

(Brumby et al., 2004)

enhanceable

(Lane et al., 2000)

suppressible

(Stevens and Jacobs, 2002)

enhanceable

(Stevens and Jacobs, 2002)

enhanceable

(Stevens and Jacobs, 2002)

enhanceable

(MacMullin and Jacobs, 2006, Stevens and Jacobs, 2002)

enhanceable

(Araujo et al., 2003)

enhanceable

(Schock and Perrimon, 2003)

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Heterodimer of an alpha and a beta subunit. The alpha subunit is composed of a heavy and a light chain linked by a disulfide bond. Interacts with mys/beta-PS and Itgbn.

(UniProt, O44386 )

Linkouts

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

FlyBase

External Links

External Data

Linkouts

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

Class of Gene

protein_coding_gene

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

2R

Recombination map

2-74

Cytogenetic map

Sequence location

2R:15,248,784..15,258,498 [+]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

51E10-51E11

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}chn⁰²⁰⁶⁴ and P{PZ}scb⁰¹²⁸⁸; Left limit from non-inclusion within Df(2R)XTE-58 (FBrf0051964) Right limit from inclusion within Df(2R)l4 (FBrf0051964)

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

The l(2)51Ea complementation group maps to the genomic interval 2R:15218008..15262942 , release 6 genome (left limit from complementation mapping against Df(2R)BSC346, right limit from complementation mapping against Df(2R)Exel7135).

(Kahsai and Cook, 2018)

51E7-51E11

(Stark, 1996.10.28)

51E-51E

(Grotewiel, 1997.11.13, Grotewiel, 1997.11.13)

51E10-51E11

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Spradling et al., 1999)

51E-51E

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Grotewiel et al., 1998)

51E7-51E11

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Stark et al., 1997)

51E-51F

(Gotwals et al., 1994)

51E10-51E11

(BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

2-74

(FlyBase, 2016)

2-77.8

(Comeron et al., 2012)

2-

(Lane et al., 2000)

2-73

(Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)

2-[73]

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (24)

Genomic Clones (26)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (69)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

polyclonal

(Meehan et al., 2015, Nonaka et al., 2013, Grotewiel et al., 1998)

monoclonal

(Gullberg et al., 1994)

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

Other Comments

S2 cells treated with dsRNA generated against this gene show reduced phagocytosis of Candida albicans compared to untreated cells.

(Stroschein-Stevenson et al., 2006)

scb regulates functional synaptic plasticity processes.

(Rohrbough et al., 2000)

mew and scb are required in a partially redundant way in the endoderm for normal migration of the endodermal midgut cells over the visceral mesoderm in the developing embryo.

(Martin-Bermudo et al., 1999)

Analysis suggests the scb integrin is essential for the physiological processes underlying memory. scb integrin mediates a dynamic process.

(Grotewiel et al., 1998)

scb mutants display impaired olfactory memories within 3 minutes of training, indicating that the encoded α-integrin is required for short-term memory processes. Conditional expression of a scb transgene during adulthood rescues the memory impairment. Rescue is reversible, fading over time along with expression of the transgene.

(Grotewiel et al., 1998)

Data suggests that scb might be the gene encoding αInt3.

(Stark et al., 1997)

The scb integrin, a cell surface protein predicted to mediate selective adhesion in response to activation by intracellular or extracellular signals, may participate in cell-cell interactions between mushroom bodies and these large interneurons underlying learning.

(Zhu et al., 1995)

The distribution of mew, if and scb proteins in cultured cell lines has been investigated.

(Peel and Milner, 1992)

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Source for merge of: scb E(Sev-CycE)E93

(Brumby et al., 2004)

Source for merge of: scb l(2)51Ea

(Kahsai and Cook, 2018)

Additional comments

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Nomenclature comments

Etymology

The gene has been known as 'Volado', a Chilean colloquialism with no English counterpart, which is loosely translated as 'forgetful' or 'absent-minded'. In Chile, it is often used in reference to professors and scientists.

(Grotewiel et al., 1998)

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (39)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

&agr-PS3

(Timmons et al., 2016)

CG8095

(Kohlmaier et al., 2015, Chen et al., 2012, Christis and Munro, 2012, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Zhang et al., 2010, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Schiess et al., 2009, Quinones-Coello, 2007, Brown and Feder, 2005, Kraut et al., 2001, Kraut et al., 2001)

CT21280

(Hynes and Zhao, 2000)

CT36929

(Hynes and Zhao, 2000)

Dm0620

(Harr and Schlotterer, 2000)

E(Sev-CycE)E93

(Lane et al., 2000)

E(sev-cycE)^e93

(Brumby et al., 2004)

ITA3

(Garelli et al., 2015)

Integrin alpha PS3

(Kim et al., 2018)

ItgaPS3

(Brown et al., 2013.2.5)

PS3

(MacMullin and Jacobs, 2005, Peel and Milner, 1992)

Vol

(Davis, 2001, Roman and Davis, 2001, Beck et al., 2000, Rohrbough et al., 2000, Grotewiel et al., 1998, Mayford, 1998, Murthy, 1998, Sheng, 1998)

aPS3

(Agnes and Noselli, 1999)

alphaPS3

(Brown, 2000.7.20)

integrin

(Genuth and Holley, 2020)

l(2)01288

l(2)51Ea

(Kahsai and Cook, 2018)

scab

(Gehrels et al., 2023, Hultmark and Andó, 2022, Ferguson et al., 2021, Pitsidianaki et al., 2021, Park et al., 2018, Schwartz et al., 2016, Thimgan et al., 2013, Gates, 2012, Kaun et al., 2012, LeMosy and Dinkins, 2008, Stofanko et al., 2008)

scb

(Cruz et al., 2026, Mundhe et al., 2026, Bischoff et al., 2025, Dong et al., 2025, Victor Atoki et al., 2025, Chvilicek et al., 2024, Pignataro et al., 2024, Aromolaran et al., 2023, Floc'hlay et al., 2023, Hernandez et al., 2023, Huang et al., 2023, Smits et al., 2023, Jia et al., 2022, Ren and Rao, 2022, Dondi et al., 2021, Park et al., 2021, Bolus et al., 2020, Hung et al., 2020, Jammrath et al., 2020, Parra and Johnston, 2020, Pastor-Pareja, 2020, Hall et al., 2019, Meltzer et al., 2019, Wittes and Schüpbach, 2019, Xu et al., 2019, Kahsai and Cook, 2018, Kim et al., 2018, Mortensen et al., 2018, Wu et al., 2018, Park et al., 2017, Clandinin and Owens, 2016-, Gene Disruption Project members, 2015-, Grotewiel and Bettinger, 2015, Sawala et al., 2015, Tomita et al., 2015, Van Bortle et al., 2015, Kim and Choe, 2014, Shulman et al., 2014, Brown et al., 2013.2.5, Lin et al., 2013, Nonaka et al., 2013, Robinson and Atkinson, 2013, Thimgan et al., 2013, Gates, 2012, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Kaun et al., 2012, Vanderploeg et al., 2012, Knox et al., 2011, Campos et al., 2010, Kong et al., 2010, Bhandari et al., 2009, Krejcí et al., 2009, Dinkins et al., 2008, Stofanko et al., 2008, Tsai et al., 2008, Yang et al., 2008, Zhang et al., 2008, Christensen and Cook, 2007.10.29, Christensen et al., 2007.10.29, Lecuyer et al., 2007, Peralta et al., 2007, Quinones-Coello, 2007, Homsy et al., 2006, Stroschein-Stevenson et al., 2006)

vol

(Acevedo et al., 2007, Yamazaki et al., 2007, Tamura et al., 2003, Billuart et al., 2001, Waddell and Quinn, 2001)

α-PS3

(Hoang et al., 2002)

α_PS3

(Bradley et al., 2003, Martin-Bermudo et al., 1999)

αInt3

αPS3

(Mundhe et al., 2026, Collinet et al., 2024, Hernandez et al., 2023, Davidson and Wood, 2020, Sapar and Han, 2019, Park et al., 2018, Nainu et al., 2017, Wood and Martin, 2017, Ashe, 2016, Meehan et al., 2016, Kohlmaier et al., 2015, Patel et al., 2015, Sawala et al., 2015, Tavares et al., 2015, Xie et al., 2014, Lin et al., 2013, Nonaka et al., 2013, Bulgakova et al., 2012, Vanderploeg et al., 2012, Knox et al., 2011, Meghana et al., 2011, Urbano et al., 2011, Xie and Auld, 2011, Delon and Brown, 2009, Krejcí et al., 2009, Dinkins et al., 2008, Takada et al., 2007, Tanentzapf et al., 2007, Wada et al., 2007, Lo, 2006, MacMullin and Jacobs, 2006, Devenport and Brown, 2004, Huelsmann et al., 2004, Abrams et al., 2003, Brower, 2003, Schock and Perrimon, 2003, Bokel and Brown, 2002, Stevens and Jacobs, 2002, Araujo et al., 2001, Hoang et al., 2001, Hughes, 2001, Brown, 2000, Brown et al., 2000, D'Avino and Thummel, 2000, Hynes and Zhao, 2000, Stark et al., 1997, Gotwals et al., 1994)

β_PS3

(Gullberg et al., 1994)

Name Synonyms

Complementation group 2.11

(Brumby et al., 2004)

Integrin alpha PS3

(Khadilkar et al., 2020)

Integrin alphaPS3 subunit

(Brown et al., 2013.2.5)

Scab

(Brown and Feder, 2005)

Volado

(Jin, 2002, Kraut et al., 2001, Kraut et al., 2001, Morley and Montgomery, 2001, Davis, 2000, Zars, 2000, Murase and Schuman, 1999, Anonymous, 1998, Connolly and Tully, 1998, Grotewiel, 1997.11.13, Grotewiel, 1997.11.13, Grotewiel et al., 1997)

aVolado

(Prokop et al., 1997)

alphaPS3 subunit

(LeMosy and Dinkins, 2008)

integrin

(Bittern et al., 2021)

integrin αPS3 subunit

(Brown et al., 2013.2.5)

laminin receptor integrin α-PS3

(Garelli et al., 2015)

lethal (2) 51Ea

volado

(Yamazaki et al., 2007, Dubnau et al., 2003, Wolf and Heberlein, 2003, Burrell and Sahley, 2001, Waddell and Quinn, 2001, Waddell and Quinn, 2001, Beumer et al., 1999, Anonymous, 1998, Prokop et al., 1997, Zhu et al., 1995)

α Position-Specific antigen 3

α3 Integrin subunit

(Pasco et al., 2015)

αPS3 integrin

(Lo, 2006)

βPS3integrin

(Gullberg et al., 1994)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBgn0003328
FBgn0010481
FBgn0011707
FBgn0013742
FBgn0014404
FBgn0041840
FBgn0004158

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 56 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

36692

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

O44386

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

O44386

UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

O44386

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

36692/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0286785

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0286785

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG8095

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

36692

Linkouts

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0003328

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0286785

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG8095

FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.

FBgn0286785

iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution

Interactive Fly

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

References (271)