DmcycE, l(2)br37, l(2)35Dd, Cyc E, fond
a G1-S phase cyclin - dimerization partner of cdc2c kinase - a mitochondrial pool of Cyclin E, regulated by Dynamin related protein 1, is linked to cell density dependent cell proliferation
Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\CycE for information on other features
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AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.
Insertion of transposon immediately 3' of gene may force use of alternative polyA addition sites (see cDNAs derived from sequenced strain vs. X75026).
Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.
Gene model reviewed during 5.52
3.9 (compiled cDNA)
601 (aa)
Interacts with a member of the CDK2/CDK protein kinases to form a serine/threonine kinase holoenzyme complex (PubMed:11565033). The cyclin subunit imparts substrate specificity to the complex (PubMed:11565033). Interacts (via C-terminus) with Z600 (via C-terminus) (PubMed:17431409).
Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\CycE using the Feature Mapper tool.
The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).
Comment: maternally deposited
Comment: anlage in statu nascendi
Comment: anlage in statu nascendi
Comment: anlage in statu nascendi
Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi
Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi
Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi
Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage
Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage
Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage
Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage
Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium
Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium
Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium
Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium
Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium
Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium
At embryonic stages 8-9 CycE transcript is expressed in three columns of neuroblasts per segment, forming a series of segmentally repeated stripes.
CycE transcripts disappear from the cells of the dorsal epidermis just before they go through their final division (mitosis 16). They are present in the region of the dorsal epidermis that goes through an extra division and disappear during additional cycle 17. CycE transcripts are present in the proliferating cells of the CNS and PNS. They are also observed in endoreplicating tissues.
Type 1 CycE transcripts are first detected after cellularization in a striped pattern along the anterior-posterior axis of the embryo. During gastrulation, high levels of CycE transcripts are seen in the neurectoderm. Expression is seen in the primary neuroblasts as they delaminate from the ectoderm. During germ band extension, a dynamic pattern of staining is seen in the CNS and PNS. Later expression occurs in cells of the ventral nerve cord and in the proliferative centers of the brain lobes. This pattern is consistent with the pattern of proliferation of neural cells in the CNS.
Type 2 CycE transcripts are expressed at the earliest stage where embryos are undergoing rapid nuclear divisions in a syncytium (0-2hrs). At the stage of pole cell formation, transcripts are more concentrated at the posterior pole where the pole cells are forming.
Expression intensity of CycE varies as the cell cycle progresses, with greatest intensity found in the latter part of phase G2.
CycE protein is present throughout the early embryonic cycles. It is predominantly nuclear during interphase and becomes dispersed in the cytoplasm during mitosis. Two types of CycE protein are observed by immunoblotting. The form with the lower mobility is maximal during mitosis. The higher mobility form is abundant in G2 and is nearly absent during M and early S phases.
CycE protein is expressed at varying levels (suggesting cycling) in both nurse cells and follicle cells. Within individual egg chambers, nurse cell nuclei with high, intermediate or low (to undetectable) levels of CycE protein are observed. Levels are always high in the germinal vesicle and increase as egg chambers develop.
CycE protein is present in embryos in mitotically proliferating and endoreplicating cells. In larval optic lobes, the pattern of CycE protein expression is similar to the pattern of S phases. It is present in the outer optic anlage, the inner optic anlage, and in a band corresponding to the S phase lamina precursor cells. It is absent in G1 phase lamina precursor cells. It is also present in a region of the lamina where only a portion of the cells are in S phase. In the eye imaginal disc, CycE protein is present in a subset of the asynchronously proliferating cells and in a band of cells just posterior to the morphogenetic furrow that are in S phase but not in G1 cells within and anterior to the furrow. In summary, CycE protein is absent in G1 phase cells but appears at the onset of S phase in proliferating cells of the larval optic lobe and eye imaginal disc.
JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals
View Dmel\CycE in JBrowse




2-51
2-48.9
Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.
monoclonal
polyclonal
S2 cells transfected with dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene show a slowing down in G1 phase show a slowing down in G1 phase.
RNAi generated by PCR using primers directed to this gene causes a cell growth and viability phenotype when assayed in Kc167 and S2R+ cells.
RNAi screen using dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene causes a cell growth and viability phenotype when assayed in Kc167 and S2R+ cells.
dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology.
RNAi screen using dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene causes a phenotype when assayed in Kc167 and S2R+ cells: cells become round and detached, cell size is increased, microtubules are uniform or disorganised, cell shape is irregular, and cell number is decreased indicative of a failure in cell cycle progression through G1 to S and G2 to M stages.
CycE has a large and complex cis-regulatory region containing tissue- and stage- specific components. Separate regulatory elements for transcription in epidermal cells during cycles 14-16, central nervous system cells and peripheral nervous system cells were found. An additional cis-regulatory element drives transcription in thoracic epidermal cells that undergo a 17th cell cycle.
Candidate gene for tibia length quantitative trait locus.
CycE can have both a positive and a negative role in the control of DNA replication.
Transcript 3' UTR contains three consensus Rbp9 binding sites.
CycE has a role in cell proliferation control during eye imaginal disc development.
Ectopic expression of CycE causes transient ectopic endoreplication, followed by inhibition of the subsequent normal endoreplication program.
The endocycle is controlled by CycE and lacks a checkpoint ensuring S phase completion.
During G1 of cycle 17 in the endocycling cells, E2f activation is independent of CycE, whereas CycE expression requires E2f. In the CNS CycE is expressed by a route independent of E2f, and the activation of E2f depends on CycE. The hierarchical relationship of CycE and E2f is reversed by tissue-specific distinctions in the mode of expression of CycE.
CycE is essential for progression through S phase.
Correct regulation of CycE is important during development for the coordination of cell proliferation with developmental processes.
CycE is a target for regulatory mechanisms that coordinate cell proliferation with other developmental events.
CycE is required in embryos for S phase of mitotic and endoreduplication cycles. Regulatory differences characterise CycE expression in these two cell types. Expression in endoreduplicating cells is restricted by a negative feedback to the transient pulse triggering entry into S phase. During mitotic cycles CycE and cdc2c kinase activity are present throughout the cell cycle. Reinitiation of DNA replication during the G2 phase of the mitotic cell cycle, therefore, is prevented by CycE/cdc2c kinase-independent regulation. Observations in CycA mutants implicate G2 cyclins in this regulation.
Down regulation of CycE is essential for the arrest of cell proliferation during embryogenesis. CycE is required for progression through S phase. Ectopic expression after the final mitosis prevents the normal G1 arrest and results in progression through an additional cell cycle. cdc2c kinase specifically associates with CycE in vivo.
3 additional alleles are discussed but are not named.
Source for identity of: CycE CG3938