Would you like to get involved in the improvement of your favorite website?
Join the FlyBase Community Advisory Group!
FB2021_03, released June 15, 2021

Gene: Dmel\hpo

Open Close
General Information
Symbol
Dmel\hpo
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
hippo
Annotation Symbol
CG11228
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0261456
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
12 publicly available
Gene Summary
hippo (hpo) encodes a kinase in the Salvador-Warts-Hippo pathway. It controls tissue growth by controlling cell growth, proliferation and apoptosis. It has several roles in post-mitotic cells including fate specification of photoreceptors and tiling of dendritic neurons. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

dMST, MST

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
56D13-56D13
Sequence location
2R:19,493,996..19,496,856 [-]
Recombination map
2-89
RefSeq locus
NT_033778 REGION:19493996..19496856
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
GO Summary Ribbons
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (38 terms)
Molecular Function (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables protein binding
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Slmap; FB:FBgn0040011
(Zheng et al., 2017)
inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q9VFG8
(assigned by UniProt )
(Yu et al., 2010)
enables protein homodimerization activity
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:hpo; FB:FBgn0261456
(Jin et al., 2012)
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity
inferred from direct assay
(Zheng et al., 2017, Zheng et al., 2015, Jin et al., 2012, Wei et al., 2007, Colombani et al., 2006, Pantalacci et al., 2003, Wu et al., 2003)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables ATP binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000719, InterPro:IPR002290, InterPro:IPR017441
(assigned by InterPro )
(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000684825
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Biological Process (29 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (25 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity
inferred from direct assay
(Jin et al., 2013)
involved_in border follicle cell migration
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Lucas et al., 2013)
involved_in compound eye morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Sarkar et al., 2018)
involved_in eye development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Nolo et al., 2006)
involved_in hippo signaling
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Sun et al., 2019, Fletcher et al., 2018, Yu and Pan, 2018, Zhang et al., 2017, Fletcher et al., 2015, Wehr et al., 2013, Grzeschik et al., 2010, Harvey et al., 2003, Udan et al., 2003)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:wts; FB:FBgn0011739
(Wei et al., 2007)
inferred from direct assay
(Zheng et al., 2015, Jin et al., 2012, Oh et al., 2009, Dong et al., 2007, Huang et al., 2005, Wu et al., 2003)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:ft; FB:FBgn0001075
(Willecke et al., 2006)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(assigned by UniProt )
(Jahanshahi et al., 2016)
involved_in intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:p53; FB:FBgn0039044
(Colombani et al., 2006)
involved_in morphogenesis of an epithelial sheet
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Thompson and Cohen, 2006)
involved_in negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway
inferred from mutant phenotype
(assigned by BHF-UCL )
(Varelas et al., 2010)
involved_in negative regulation of cell population proliferation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Ding et al., 2016, Udan et al., 2003)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(assigned by UniProt )
(Wu et al., 2003)
involved_in negative regulation of glial cell proliferation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Reddy and Irvine, 2011)
involved_in negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Gil-Ranedo et al., 2019, Poon et al., 2016)
involved_in negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Herz et al., 2006)
involved_in negative regulation of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Aerne et al., 2015)
involved_in organ growth
inferred from direct assay
(Verghese et al., 2012)
involved_in peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation
inferred from direct assay
(Jin et al., 2012)
involved_in positive regulation of apoptotic process
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Pantalacci et al., 2003, Udan et al., 2003)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(assigned by UniProt )
(Wu et al., 2003)
involved_in protein autophosphorylation
inferred from direct assay
(Zheng et al., 2017, Jin et al., 2012)
involved_in protein phosphorylation
inferred from direct assay
(Wei et al., 2007)
inferred from direct assay
(assigned by UniProt )
(Wu et al., 2003)
involved_in R8 cell fate specification
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Mikeladze-Dvali et al., 2005)
involved_in regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Nolo et al., 2006)
involved_in regulation of cell population proliferation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Nolo et al., 2006)
involved_in regulation of protein processing
inferred from direct assay
(Jin et al., 2013)
involved_in response to ionizing radiation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Colombani et al., 2006)
involved_in retinal cell programmed cell death
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Udan et al., 2003)
involved_in stem cell proliferation
inferred from direct assay
(Ren et al., 2010)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (6 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in activation of protein kinase activity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000684825
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
involved_in hippo signaling
traceable author statement
(assigned by UniProt )
(Yu et al., 2010)
involved_in intracellular signal transduction
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001969365
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
involved_in protein phosphorylation
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001969365
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
involved_in protein tetramerization
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR036674
(assigned by InterPro )
(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
involved_in regulation of MAPK cascade
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001969365
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Cellular Component (5 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in apicomedial cortex
inferred from direct assay
(Su et al., 2017)
colocalizes_with cell-cell junction
inferred from direct assay
(Su et al., 2017)
located_in cytosol
inferred from direct assay
(Su et al., 2017, Jin et al., 2012, Yu et al., 2010)
located_in membrane
inferred from direct assay
(assigned by UniProt )
(Yu et al., 2010)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in cytoplasm
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000684825
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Pathway (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. STE Ser/Thr protein kinase family. STE20 subfamily. (Q8T0S6)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
hippo (hpo) encodes a kinase in the Salvador-Warts-Hippo pathway. It controls tissue growth by controlling cell growth, proliferation and apoptosis. It has several roles in post-mitotic cells including fate specification of photoreceptors and tiling of dendritic neurons. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
GERMINAL CENTER KINASES -
Germinal center kinases (GCKs) are serine/threonine kinases characterised by an N-terminal STE20 kinase domain. They have diverse roles in signaling pathways; some are MAPK kinase kinase kinases, activating MAPK kinase kinases. (Adapted from FBrf0225276 and FBrf0228279).
Pathway (FlyBase)
Hippo Signaling Pathway Core Components -
The Hippo signaling pathway is an intracellular kinase cascade in which hpo kinase in complex with sav, phosphorylates wts kinase which, in turn, phosphorylates yki transcriptional co-activator leading to its cytosolic retention. Activation of the Hippo pathway results in the down-regulation of cell proliferation and up-regulation of apoptosis, limiting tissue size. (Adapted from FBrf0224870).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Plays a key role in the Hippo/SWH (Sav/Wts/Hpo) signaling pathway, a signaling pathway that plays a pivotal role in organ size control and tumor suppression by restricting proliferation and promoting apoptosis. The core of this pathway is composed of a kinase cascade wherein Hippo (Hpo), in complex with its regulatory protein Salvador (Sav), phosphorylates and activates Warts (Wts) in complex with its regulatory protein Mats, which in turn phosphorylates and inactivates the Yorkie (Yki) oncoprotein. The Hippo/SWH signaling pathway inhibits the activity of the transcriptional complex formed by Scalloped (sd) and Yki and the target genes of this pathway include cyclin-E (cycE), diap1 and bantam. Phosphorylates Sav, Wts and Th/DIAP1. Regulates the level of Th/DIAP1 apoptosis inhibitor.
(UniProt, Q8T0S6)
Summary (Interactive Fly)

a serine/threonine kinase - acts in conjunction with Salvador and Warts to restrict cell growth - promotes cell death by decreasing the level of Thread, an inhibitor of apoptosis - polycomb genes interact with the tumor suppressor genes and in the maintenance of sensory neuron dendrites

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
2
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\hpo for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.45

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
gene
nuclear_gene
protein_coding_gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
hpo-RA
FBtr0086500
NM_137583
2503
669
hpo-RB
FBtr0331920
NM_001274163
2804
669
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
RefSeq ID
GenBank
hpo-PA
FBpp0085688
75.1
669
4.95
NP_611427
AAF57543
hpo-PB
FBpp0304253
75.1
669
4.95
NP_001261092
AGB93624
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

669 aa isoforms: hpo-PA, hpo-PB
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Homodimer. Interacts with Sav and Wts. Interacts (via SARAH domain) with Ex. Interacts with Kibra.

(UniProt, Q8T0S6)
Post Translational Modification

Autophosphorylated.

(UniProt, Q8T0S6)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\hpo using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Expression Summary Ribbons
Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.
For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.
Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 4 -- 6
organism | faint | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 7 -- 8
organism | faint | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
organism | faint | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
third instar larval stage
imaginal disc
(Harvey et al., 2003)
Additional Descriptive Data

hpo transcript was detected in all imaginal discs with unpatterned expression.

(Harvey et al., 2003)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in apicomedial cortex
inferred from direct assay
(Su et al., 2017)
colocalizes_with cell-cell junction
inferred from direct assay
(Su et al., 2017)
located_in cytosol
inferred from direct assay
(Su et al., 2017, Jin et al., 2012, Yu et al., 2010)
located_in membrane
inferred from direct assay
(assigned by UniProt )
(Yu et al., 2010)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\hpo in GBrowse 2
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 21 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 52 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of hpo
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of hpo
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 1 )
Gene disrupted in
Df(2R)BSC782
(Kahsai et al., 2016)
Inferred from location ( 0 )
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal, with Scer\GAL4ci.PU
lethal, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
lethal, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PU
lethal, with Scer\GAL4hh-Gal4
lethal (with Df(2R)BSC782)
lethal | recessive
lethal - all die before end of first instar larval stage
lethal - all die before end of larval stage | recessive
lethal - all die before end of pupal stage, with Scer\FLP1ey.PU
lethal - all die before end of pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PU
partially lethal - majority die | pupal stage | somatic clone
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
Sterility
Allele
female semi-sterile, with Scer\GAL4nos.PG, Scer\GAL4VP16.nos.UTR, Scer\GAL4VP16.otu
fertile, with Scer\GAL4VP16.nos.UTR
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal cell death | somatic clone
abnormal cell growth
abnormal cell growth | somatic clone
abnormal cell migration
abnormal developmental rate | pharate adult stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
abnormal immune response | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4r4
abnormal immune response | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4yolk
abnormal mitotic cell cycle
abnormal mitotic cell cycle | somatic clone
abnormal mitotic cell cycle | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP
abnormal neuroanatomy
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage | progressive | somatic clone
abnormal neuroanatomy | somatic clone | third instar larval stage
abnormal neuroanatomy | somatic clone | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU, Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B
abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4RapGAP1-OK6
abnormal planar polarity | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4ey.PH
abnormal size | adult stage
abnormal size | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
abnormal size | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4cv-c-C5
abnormal size | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
abnormal size | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4nub.PU
abnormal size | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4unspecified
abnormal size | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4dpp.PU
abnormal size | somatic clone | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU, Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B
abnormal size | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4hh-Gal4
abnormal size | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
abnormal size | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1
abnormal stress response | somatic clone
decreased cell death | larval stage | somatic clone
decreased cell death | pupal stage | somatic clone
decreased cell death | somatic clone
decreased cell death | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP
decreased cell number | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP
decreased occurrence of cell division | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4NP5130
decreased occurrence of cell division | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4cv-c-C5
hyperactive | adult stage
hyperplasia, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PU
hyperplasia | adult stage | somatic clone
hyperplasia | somatic clone
hypoactive | adult stage
increased cell death, with Scer\GAL4cv-c-C5
increased cell death, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
increased cell death, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB
increased cell death, with Scer\GAL4nub-AC-62
increased cell death | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
increased cell death | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4cv-c-C5
increased cell number, with Scer\GAL4NP5130, Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B
increased cell number | adult stage | somatic clone
increased cell number | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone
increased cell number | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PL
increased cell number | pupal stage | somatic clone
increased cell number | somatic clone
increased cell number | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP
increased cell number | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4repo.PU
increased occurrence of cell division | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4NP5130
increased occurrence of cell division | adult stage | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone
increased occurrence of cell division | adult stage | somatic clone
increased occurrence of cell division | pupal stage | somatic clone
increased occurrence of cell division | somatic clone
neoplasia | somatic clone
some die during first instar larval stage
some die during larval stage | recessive
some die during pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PU
visible
visible, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
visible, with Scer\GAL4C-765
visible, with Scer\GAL4ci.PU
visible, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
visible, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PU
visible, with Scer\GAL4nub.PU
visible, with Scer\GAL4nub-AC-62
visible, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
visible | adult stage
visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
visible | adult stage | somatic clone
visible | recessive
visible | somatic clone
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
adult cuticle | somatic clone
adult external head | somatic clone
adult head, with Scer\GAL4cv-c-C5
adult head | somatic clone
adult midgut, with Scer\GAL4NP5130
anterior-posterior compartment boundary of the wing disc | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1
border follicle cell
embryonic/larval brain | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4repo.PU
embryonic/larval central nervous system | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
embryonic/larval glial cell | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4repo.PU
eye
eye, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
eye, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PU
eye | adult stage | somatic clone
eye | P-stage | somatic clone
eye | pupal stage | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PL
eye | somatic clone
eye | temperature conditional, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
eye-antennal disc, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP
eye-antennal disc, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
eye disc, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
eye disc | posterior | somatic clone
eye disc | somatic clone
eye disc | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
eye disc | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4repo.PU
eye photoreceptor cell | progressive | somatic clone
haltere
haltere, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP
head & cuticle
imaginal disc, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP
interommatidial bristle, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
interommatidial bristle | somatic clone
interommatidial bristle | somatic clone | increased number
interommatidial cell | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
interommatidial cell | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PL
interommatidial cell | pupal stage | increased number
interommatidial cell | pupal stage | somatic clone | increased number
interommatidial cell | somatic clone | increased number
intestinal stem cell | somatic clone
intestinal stem cell of posterior adult midgut epithelium, with Scer\GAL4NP5130
intestinal stem cell of posterior adult midgut epithelium, with Scer\GAL4NP5130, Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B
larval dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaC | somatic clone
larval ventral nerve cord | somatic clone | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU, Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B
leg
mesothoracic tergum, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
mitotic spindle | somatic clone | third instar larval stage
NMJ bouton | increased number, with Scer\GAL4RapGAP1-OK6
ommatidium
ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
ommatidium | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4ey.PH
ommatidium | somatic clone
photoreceptor cell
photoreceptor cell, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
photoreceptor cell R8 of pale ommatidium | increased number
photoreceptor cell R8 of pale ommatidium | increased number, with Scer\GAL4GMR.long
photoreceptor cell R8 of yellow ommatidium
photoreceptor cell R8 of yellow ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4GMR.long
pigment cell, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
pigment cell | ectopic | somatic clone
retina, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
retina | P-stage | somatic clone
thorax
type II neuroblast | somatic clone | third instar larval stage
wing
wing, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
wing, with Scer\GAL4C-765
wing, with Scer\GAL4ci.PU
wing, with Scer\GAL4cv-c-C5
wing, with Scer\GAL4nub.PU
wing, with Scer\GAL4nub-AC-62
wing | posterior, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
wing disc, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
wing disc, with Scer\GAL4dpp.PU
wing disc, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB
wing disc, with Scer\GAL4nub-AC-62
wing disc | larval stage | somatic clone
wing disc | somatic clone
wing disc | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI
wing disc | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4unspecified
wing disc posterior compartment | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4hh-Gal4
wing hinge primordium, with Scer\GAL4sd-SG29.1
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Download All OrthoDB Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Homo sapiens (Human) (5)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Hsap\STK3
13 of 15
Yes
Yes
 
1  
Hsap\STK4
11 of 15
No
Yes
2  
Hsap\STK24
2 of 15
No
No
Hsap\STK25
2 of 15
No
No
1  
Hsap\STK26
2 of 15
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (5)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Mmus\Stk3
14 of 15
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Stk4
11 of 15
No
Yes
Mmus\Stk24
2 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Stk26
2 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Stk25
1 of 15
No
No
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (7)
Rnor\Stk3
11 of 13
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Stk4
9 of 13
No
Yes
Rnor\LOC108349780
2 of 13
No
Yes
Rnor\Stk24
2 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Stk25
2 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Stk26
2 of 13
No
No
Rnor\LOC108349348
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (11)
Xtro\stk3
9 of 12
Yes
Yes
Xtro\stk4
9 of 12
Yes
Yes
Xtro\stk24
2 of 12
No
No
Xtro\stk25
2 of 12
No
No
Xtro\stk26
2 of 12
No
No
Xtro\LOC100486831
1 of 12
No
Yes
Xtro\LOC100490567
1 of 12
No
Yes
Xtro\LOC100492522
1 of 12
No
Yes
Xtro\LOC100495971
1 of 12
No
Yes
Xtro\LOC101731773
1 of 12
No
Yes
Xtro\LOC108648113
1 of 12
No
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (8)
Drer\stk3
14 of 15
Yes
Yes
Drer\stk24a
2 of 15
No
No
Drer\stk24b
2 of 15
No
No
Drer\stk25a
2 of 15
No
No
Drer\stk25b
2 of 15
No
No
Drer\stk26
2 of 15
No
No
Drer\taok2b
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\tnika
1 of 15
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (6)
Cele\cst-1
14 of 15
Yes
Yes
Cele\cst-2
14 of 15
Yes
Yes
Cele\gck-1
2 of 15
No
No
Cele\C24A8.6
1 of 15
No
Yes
Cele\dop-6
1 of 15
No
No
Cele\flr-4
1 of 15
No
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (5)
Atha\SIK1
5 of 9
Yes
Yes
Atha\AT3G15220
1 of 9
No
No
Atha\AT4G14350
1 of 9
No
No
Atha\AT5G16500
1 of 9
No
Yes
Atha\ATMAP4K ALPHA1
1 of 9
No
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (2)
Scer\SPS1
2 of 15
Yes
No
Scer\KIC1
1 of 15
No
No
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (4)
Spom\gad8
1 of 12
Yes
No
Spom\nak1
1 of 12
Yes
No
Spom\ppk11
1 of 12
Yes
No
Spom\sid1
1 of 12
Yes
No
Ortholog(s) in Drosophila Species (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091905XZ )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
AAA Syntenic Ortholog
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Drosophila suzukii
Spotted wing Drosophila
Dsuz\DS10_00002045
Drosophila simulans
Dsim\GD25317
Drosophila sechellia
Dsec\GM19825
Drosophila erecta
Dere\GG20903
Drosophila yakuba
Dyak\GE13841
Drosophila ananassae
Dana\GF13179
Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura
Dpse\GA10852
Drosophila persimilis
Dper\GL10521
Drosophila willistoni
Dwil\GK15703
Drosophila virilis
Dvir\GJ21419
Drosophila mojavensis
Dmoj\GI20569
Drosophila grimshawi
Dgri\GH22772
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091503TZ )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Musca domestica
House fly
Mdoa\17013592
Musca domestica
House fly
Mdoa\17011807
Glossina morsitans
Tsetse fly
Gmor\GMOY005856
Lucilia cuprina
Australian sheep blowfly
Lcup\FF38_04510
Mayetiola destructor
Hessian fly
Mdes\Mdes008804
Aedes aegypti
Yellow fever mosquito
Aaeg\AAEL006539
Anopheles darlingi
American malaria mosquito
Adar\ADAC005145
Anopheles gambiae
Malaria mosquito
Agam\AGAP006044
Culex quinquefasciatus
Southern house mosquito
Cqui\CPIJ000288
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090W04KX )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Bombyx mori
Silkmoth
Bmor\BGIBMGA013478
Danaus plexippus
Monarch butterfly
Dple\DPOGS210615-PA
Heliconius melpomene
Postman butterfly
Hmel\HMEL003088
Apis florea
Little honeybee
Aflo\2151264132
Apis mellifera
Western honey bee
Amel\GB51064
Bombus impatiens
Common eastern bumble bee
Bimp\BIMP14175
Bombus terrestris
Buff-tailed bumblebee
Bter\15213633
Linepithema humile
Argentine ant
Lhum\LH21463
Megachile rotundata
Alfalfa leafcutting bee
Mrot\MROTU:00007a
Nasonia vitripennis
Parasitic wasp
Nvit\Nasvi2EG011381
Dendroctonus ponderosae
Mountain pine beetle
Dpod\YQE_01371
Dendroctonus ponderosae
Mountain pine beetle
Dpod\YQE_09150
Dendroctonus ponderosae
Mountain pine beetle
Dpod\YQE_01372
Dendroctonus ponderosae
Mountain pine beetle
Dpod\YQE_01226
Tribolium castaneum
Red flour beetle
Tcas\TC004606
Pediculus humanus
Human body louse
Phum\PHUM617080
Rhodnius prolixus
Kissing bug
Rpro\RPRC006659
Cimex lectularius
Bed bug
Clec\CLEC012357
Acyrthosiphon pisum
Pea aphid
Apim\ACYPI006337
Acyrthosiphon pisum
Pea aphid
Apim\ACYPI009258
Zootermopsis nevadensis
Nevada dampwood termite
Znev\Znev_17168
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090X04HK )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Strigamia maritima
European centipede
Smar\SMAR001237
Ixodes scapularis
Black-legged tick
Isca\ISCW021388
Stegodyphus mimosarum
African social velvet spider
Smim\KFM67355.1
Tetranychus urticae
Two-spotted spider mite
Turt\tetur07g06610
Tetranychus urticae
Two-spotted spider mite
Turt\tetur13g01810
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_211626
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091G065P )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\Sp-Mst
Ciona intestinalis
Vase tunicate
Cint\ENSCING00000009234
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Ggal\STK4
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Ggal\LOC425375
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (15)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
orthoMCL
Panther
RoundUp
Alignment
GckIII
4 of 10
fray
2 of 10
hppy
2 of 10
mbt
2 of 10
msn
2 of 10
Pak
2 of 10
Slik
2 of 10
Stlk
2 of 10
Tao
2 of 10
Dsor1
1 of 10
hep
1 of 10
lic
1 of 10
Mekk1
1 of 10
Mkk4
1 of 10
Pak3
1 of 10
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Model Summary Ribbon
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 )
Allele
Disease
Evidence
References
hpo42-47
model of  cancer
CEA
(Hamaratoglu et al., 2006)
hpoBF33
model of  neurodegenerative disease
CEA
(Napoletano et al., 2011)
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
Human Ortholog
Disease
Evidence
References
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 6 )
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Homo sapiens (Human)
Gene name
Score
OMIM
OMIM Phenotype
DO term
Complementation?
Transgene?
STK3; serine/threonine kinase 3
13 of 15
605030
       
      STK4; serine/threonine kinase 4
      11 of 15
      604965
         
        Functional Complementation Data
        Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
        Dmel gene
        Ortholog showing functional complementation
        Supporting References
        hpo
        Hsap\STK3
        (Wu et al., 2003)
        Interactions
        Summary of Physical Interactions
        esyN Network Diagram
        Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:
        Select Layout:
        Legend:
        Protein
        RNA
        Selected Interactor(s)
        Interactions Browser
        View in Interactions Browser
        Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
        protein-protein
        Physical Interaction
        Assay
        References
        hpo
        pull down, molecular weight estimation by staining, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, enzymatic study, autoradiography, anti tag western blot, two hybrid, fluorescent resonance energy transfer, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, mass spectrometry studies of complexes, protein complementation assay
        (Cairns et al., 2020, Deng et al., 2013, Wehr et al., 2013, Jin et al., 2012, Colombani et al., 2006, Pantalacci et al., 2003, Udan et al., 2003, Wu et al., 2003)
        hpo - Arf79F
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, anti tag western blot
        (Kwon et al., 2013, Kwon et al., 2013)
        hpo - CCT2
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
        (Kwon et al., 2013)
        hpo - CYLD
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
        (Chen et al., 2014)
        hpo - Cka
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, anti tag western blot, western blot
        (Zheng et al., 2017, Ribeiro et al., 2010)
        hpo - Dap160
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
        (Kwon et al., 2013)
        hpo - Diap1
        enzymatic study, autoradiography
        (Harvey et al., 2003, Pantalacci et al., 2003)
        hpo - Eps-15
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
        (Kwon et al., 2013)
        hpo - Fgop2
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, anti tag western blot
        (Zheng et al., 2017, Ribeiro et al., 2010)
        hpo - Git
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, anti tag western blot
        (Dent et al., 2015)
        hpo - Herc4
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
        (Aerne et al., 2015)
        hpo - Mer
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
        (Reddy and Irvine, 2011)
        hpo - Mob4
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
        (Ribeiro et al., 2010)
        hpo - Pp2A-29B
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
        (Ribeiro et al., 2010)
        hpo - Ran
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
        (Kwon et al., 2013)
        hpo - Rap1
        enzymatic study, western blot, pull down, anti tag western blot
        (Chang et al., 2018)
        hpo - Rassf
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, pull down, molecular weight estimation by staining, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, mass spectrometry studies of complexes, peptide massfingerprinting
        (Cairns et al., 2020, Dent et al., 2015, Kwon et al., 2013, Jin et al., 2012, Ribeiro et al., 2010, Polesello et al., 2006)
        hpo - RpS18
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
        (Kwon et al., 2013)
        hpo - RtGEF
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, anti tag western blot
        (Dent et al., 2015)
        hpo - SERCA
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
        (Kwon et al., 2013)
        hpo - Slmap
        experimental knowledge based, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, pull down, western blot
        (Zheng et al., 2017, Guruharsha et al., 2011)
        hpo - Strip
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, peptide massfingerprinting
        (Sakuma et al., 2016, Ribeiro et al., 2010)
        hpo - Tao
        protein kinase assay, anti tag western blot
        (Boggiano et al., 2011)
        hpo - ci
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
        (Li et al., 2015)
        hpo - ds
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, anti tag western blot
        (Kwon et al., 2013, Kwon et al., 2013)
        hpo - ed
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
        (Yue et al., 2012)
        hpo - ex
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, two hybrid
        (Reddy and Irvine, 2011, Yu et al., 2010)
        hpo - kibra
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
        (Yu et al., 2010)
        hpo - mEFTu1
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
        (Kwon et al., 2013)
        hpo - mats
        enzymatic study, autoradiography, pull down, western blot
        (Zheng et al., 2017, Zheng et al., 2015, Jin et al., 2012)
        hpo - mts
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, peptide massfingerprinting
        (Gil-Ranedo et al., 2019, Zheng et al., 2017, Ribeiro et al., 2010)
        hpo - par-1
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
        (Huang et al., 2013)
        hpo - sav
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, pull down, western blot, x-ray crystallography, anti tag western blot, molecular weight estimation by staining, two hybrid, autoradiography, mass spectrometry studies of complexes, coimmunoprecipitation, enzymatic study, tandem affinity purification, molecular sieving, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, protein cross-linking with a bifunctional reagent, molecular weight
        (Cairns et al., 2020, Yeom et al., 2020, Cairns et al., 2018, Aerne et al., 2015, Dent et al., 2015, Dong et al., 2015, Li et al., 2015, Huang et al., 2013, Kwon et al., 2013, Wehr et al., 2013, Yin et al., 2013, Jin et al., 2012, Reddy and Irvine, 2011, Ribeiro et al., 2010, Yu et al., 2010, Polesello et al., 2006, Harvey et al., 2003, Jia et al., 2003, Pantalacci et al., 2003, Udan et al., 2003, Wu et al., 2003)
        hpo - slmb
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
        (Tokamov et al., 2021)
        hpo - trc
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag western blot, enzymatic study, autoradiography
        (Emoto et al., 2006)
        hpo - wts
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, enzymatic study, western blot, autoradiography
        (Li et al., 2015, Zheng et al., 2015, Yin et al., 2013, Oh et al., 2009, Emoto et al., 2006, Jia et al., 2003, Pantalacci et al., 2003, Wu et al., 2003)
        hpo - yki
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, peptide massfingerprinting
        (Srivastava et al., 2021, Dent et al., 2015, Oh et al., 2009)
        Summary of Genetic Interactions
        esyN Network Diagram
        esyN Network Key:
        Suppression
        Enhancement
        View in Interactions Browser
        Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        hpo
        enhanceable
        Ack
        (Hu et al., 2016)
        hpo
        suppressible
        brm
        (Jin et al., 2013)
        hpo
        suppressible
        bun
        (Nie et al., 2015)
        Dronc|hpo
        enhanceable
        Dark
        (Verghese et al., 2012)
        hpo
        enhanceable
        Dark|Dronc
        (Verghese et al., 2012)
        hpo
        suppressible
        Diap1
        (Udan et al., 2003)
        hpo
        suppressible
        dome
        (Ren et al., 2010)
        hpo
        suppressible
        Dronc
        (Verghese et al., 2012)
        hpo
        enhanceable
        Dronc
        (Verghese et al., 2012)
        hpo
        suppressible
        Egfr
        (Ren et al., 2010)
        hpo
        suppressible
        ena
        (Lucas et al., 2013)
        hpo
        enhanceable
        Git
        (Dent et al., 2015)
        hpo
        enhanceable
        Git|RtGEF
        (Dent et al., 2015)
        hpo
        suppressible
        hid
        (Udan et al., 2003)
        hpo
        suppressible
        Hrb27C
        (Mach et al., 2018)
        hpo
        enhanceable
        Leash
        (Kwon et al., 2013)
        hpo
        suppressible
        Leash
        (Kwon et al., 2013)
        hpo
        suppressible
        Madm
        (Nie et al., 2015)
        hpo
        suppressible
        mir-ban
        (Nolo et al., 2006)
        hpo
        suppressible
        Ncoa6
        (Qing et al., 2014)
        hpo
        enhanceable
        Rassf
        (Polesello et al., 2006)
        hpo
        enhanceable
        RtGEF
        (Dent et al., 2015)
        hpo
        enhanceable
        sav
        (Wu et al., 2003)
        hpo
        suppressible
        sd
        (Zhang et al., 2008)
        hpo
        suppressible
        Smox
        (Hevia et al., 2017)
        hpo
        enhanceable
        Tao
        (Poon et al., 2011)
        hpo
        suppressible
        Tao
        (Poon et al., 2011)
        hpo
        suppressible
        Tgi
        (Guo et al., 2013, Koontz et al., 2013)
        hpo
        suppressible
        trc
        (Emoto et al., 2006)
        hpo
        suppressible
        trr
        (Qing et al., 2014)
        hpo
        suppressible
        Tsc1
        (Udan et al., 2003)
        hpo
        enhanceable
        Uba1
        (Pfleger et al., 2007)
        ci|hpo
        suppressible
        wts
        (Li et al., 2015)
        hpo
        suppressible
        wts
        (Yin et al., 2013, Hamaratoglu et al., 2006, Udan et al., 2003)
        hpo
        enhanceable
        wts
        (Jia et al., 2003, Wu et al., 2003)
        hpo
        suppressible
        yki
        (Verghese et al., 2012, Ren et al., 2010, Oh and Irvine, 2008, Zhao et al., 2007, Huang et al., 2005)
        ci|hpo
        suppressible
        yki
        (Li et al., 2015)
        hpo|wts
        suppressible
        yki
        (Huang et al., 2005)
        hpo
        suppressible
        Zyx
        (Gaspar et al., 2015)
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        Abca3
        enhanceable
        hpo
        (Ueoka et al., 2020)
        Abca3
        suppressible
        hpo
        (Ueoka et al., 2020)
        Alg3
        suppressible
        hpo
        (de Vreede et al., 2018)
        Apc2|Apc
        suppressible
        hpo
        (Suijkerbuijk et al., 2016)
        ci
        suppressible
        hpo
        (Li et al., 2015)
        ci
        enhanceable
        hpo
        (Li et al., 2015)
        CycE
        suppressible
        hpo
        (Wu et al., 2003)
        dia
        suppressible
        hpo
        (Sansores-Garcia et al., 2011)
        ex
        suppressible
        hpo
        (Hamaratoglu et al., 2006)
        grim
        suppressible
        hpo
        (Harvey et al., 2003)
        hh
        enhanceable
        hpo
        (Li et al., 2015)
        hid
        suppressible
        hpo
        (Jia et al., 2003, Pantalacci et al., 2003, Udan et al., 2003)
        hid
        enhanceable
        hpo
        (Jia et al., 2003)
        kibra
        suppressible
        hpo
        (Genevet et al., 2010, Genevet et al., 2010)
        mir-285
        suppressible
        hpo
        (Li et al., 2017)
        p53
        suppressible
        hpo
        (Colombani et al., 2006)
        Pc
        enhanceable
        hpo
        (Parrish et al., 2007)
        Pez
        suppressible
        hpo
        (Poernbacher et al., 2012)
        Rassf
        suppressible
        hpo
        (Polesello et al., 2006)
        Smox
        suppressible
        hpo
        (Hevia et al., 2017)
        Strip
        suppressible
        hpo
        (Sakuma et al., 2016)
        Vps25
        suppressible
        hpo
        (Herz et al., 2006)
        yki
        suppressible
        ex|hpo|wts
        (Oh et al., 2009)
        yki
        enhanceable
        hpo
        (Jin et al., 2012)
        yki
        suppressible
        hpo
        (Yeom et al., 2020, Oh and Irvine, 2009)
        yki
        suppressible
        hpo|wts
        (Oh and Irvine, 2009, Oh et al., 2009)
        yki
        suppressible
        ex|hpo
        (Oh et al., 2009)
        External Data
        Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
        Homodimer. Interacts with Sav and Wts. Interacts (via SARAH domain) with Ex. Interacts with Kibra.
        (UniProt, Q8T0S6 )
        Linkouts
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
        MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        Pathways
        Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
        Hippo Signaling Pathway Core Components -
        The Hippo signaling pathway is an intracellular kinase cascade in which hpo kinase in complex with sav, phosphorylates wts kinase which, in turn, phosphorylates yki transcriptional co-activator leading to its cytosolic retention. Activation of the Hippo pathway results in the down-regulation of cell proliferation and up-regulation of apoptosis, limiting tissue size. (Adapted from FBrf0224870).
        Metabolic Pathways
        External Data
        Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
        Chromosome (arm)
        2R
        Recombination map
        2-89
        Cytogenetic map
        56D13-56D13
        Sequence location
        2R:19,493,996..19,496,856 [-]
        FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Evidence for location
        56D13-56D13
        Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}l(2)k00705k00705&P{lacW}mei-W68k05603 and P{EP}CG11007EP736
        Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Notes
        References
        Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
        Location

        2-89

        (FlyBase, 2016)

        2-94.7

        (Comeron et al., 2012)
        Left of (cM)
        Right of (cM)
        Notes
        Stocks and Reagents
        Stocks (12)
        Genomic Clones (17)
         

        Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

        cDNA Clones (157)
         

        Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

        cDNA clones, fully sequenced
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

        For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

        cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        RNAi and Array Information
        Linkouts
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
        Antibody Information
        Laboratory Generated Antibodies
         

        polyclonal

        (Su et al., 2017, Wang et al., 2016, Jin et al., 2012)
        Commercially Available Antibodies
         
        Other Information
        Relationship to Other Genes
        Source for database identify of
        Source for database merge of

        Source for merge of: hippo CG11228

        (Wu et al., 2003)

        Source for merge of: hpo MST

        (Zhang et al., 2008)
        Additional comments
        Other Comments

        dsRNA has been made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene.

        (Colombani et al., 2006, Polesello et al., 2006)

        hpo acts cell autonomously in class IV neurons.

        (Emoto et al., 2006)

        hpo acts through trc and wts to regulate dendritic tiling and maintenance, respectively.

        (Emoto et al., 2006)

        hpo regulates expression of the ban miRNA.

        (Nolo et al., 2006)

        dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene is tested in an S2 cell phosphorylation experiment to assess teh hpo signal transduction pathway.

        (Willecke et al., 2006)

        yki is a kinase substrate of wts, becoming phosphorylated by wts upon activation of the hpo pathway.

        (Huang et al., 2005)

        When dsRNA constructs are made and transiently transfected into S2 cells in RNAi experiments, spindle abnormalities and lagging chromatids are seen.

        (Bettencourt-Dias et al., 2004)
        Origin and Etymology
        Discoverer
        Etymology

        Named "hippo" because of the dark, folded and overgrown cuticle of the mutant heads.

        (Udan et al., 2003)
        Identification
        External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 48 )
        Sequence Crossreferences
        NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
        GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
        GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
        RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
        UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        Other crossreferences
        BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
        DRscDB
        EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas
        Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
        Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
        FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
        Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
        GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
        iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
        InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
        KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
        MARRVEL_MODEL
        modMine - A data warehouse for the modENCODE project
        SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.
        Linkouts
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
        InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
        KEGG Pathways - Wiring diagrams of molecular interactions, reactions and relations.
        MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
        Synonyms and Secondary IDs (12)
        Reported As
        Symbol Synonym
        CG11228
        (Vigneswaran et al., 2021, Hosono et al., 2015, Ni et al., 2011.7.19, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Pan and Zhang, 2009, Perkins et al., 2009, Haussmann et al., 2008, Chaudhuri and Chant, 2005, Formstecher et al., 2005, Chen et al., 2004, Wheeler et al., 2004, Giot et al., 2003, Harvey et al., 2003, Jia et al., 2003, Udan et al., 2003, Wu et al., 2003, Brody et al., 2002, Egger et al., 2002, Dan et al., 2001)
        HPO
        (Ferrandon, 2013, Gonzalez, 2013, Grifoni et al., 2013, Harvey and Hariharan, 2012)
        Hippo
        (Cui et al., 2020, Jacobs et al., 2020, Jin et al., 2020, López-Gay et al., 2020, Luckhart and Riehle, 2020, Wang et al., 2020, Richardson and Portela, 2018, Di Cara et al., 2015, Li et al., 2014, Mulakkal et al., 2014, Levayer and Moreno, 2013, Zoranovic et al., 2013, Fausti et al., 2012, Mirth and Shingleton, 2012, Laprise, 2011, Delpire, 2009)
        Hpo
        (Cho and Jiang, 2021, Srivastava et al., 2021, Yamaguchi et al., 2021, Chen et al., 2020, De Jamblinne et al., 2020, Fulford and McNeill, 2020, Hao et al., 2020, Sahu and Mondal, 2020, Yeom et al., 2020, Borreguero-Muñoz et al., 2019, Chang et al., 2019, Fulford et al., 2019, Gokhale and Pfleger, 2019, Matsui and Lai, 2019, Bae and Luo, 2018, Bohère et al., 2018, Cairns et al., 2018, Cho et al., 2018, de Vreede et al., 2018, Elbediwy and Thompson, 2018, Fulford et al., 2018, Gou et al., 2018, Kim and Jho, 2018, Simón-Carrasco et al., 2018, Jang et al., 2017, Kulaberoglu et al., 2017, Liu and Jin, 2017, Ma et al., 2017, Richardson and Portela, 2017, Tue et al., 2017, Bhadra et al., 2016, Fallahi et al., 2016, Hu et al., 2016, Jahanshahi et al., 2016, Jiang et al., 2016, Meng et al., 2016, Saadin and Starz-Gaiano, 2016, Aerne et al., 2015, Cao et al., 2015, Dent et al., 2015, Di Cara et al., 2015, Ni et al., 2015, Thompson and Sahai, 2015, Amoyel and Bach, 2014, Chen et al., 2014, Sadeqzadeh et al., 2014, Andersen et al., 2013, Degoutin et al., 2013, Deng et al., 2013, Enderle and McNeill, 2013, Jin et al., 2013, Johnston, 2013, Koontz et al., 2013, Losick et al., 2013, Matsui and Lai, 2013, Rister et al., 2013, Vilmos et al., 2013, Wu and Wu, 2013, Yin et al., 2013, Yu and Guan, 2013, Fausti et al., 2012, Jin et al., 2012, Kango-Singh, 2012.10.31, Liu et al., 2012, Yue et al., 2012, Chan et al., 2011, Genevet and Tapon, 2011, Halder and Johnson, 2011, Laprise, 2011, Losick et al., 2011, Richter et al., 2011, Salah and Aqeilan, 2011, Zhang et al., 2011, Zhao et al., 2011, Yu et al., 2010, Badouel et al., 2009, Hamaratoglu et al., 2009, Koike-Kumagai et al., 2009, Oh and Irvine, 2009, Zhang et al., 2009, Dutta and Baehrecke, 2008, Jukam and Claude, 2008, Zhai et al., 2008, Dong et al., 2007, Hamaratoglu et al., 2007, Jukam and Desplan, 2007, Martin et al., 2007, Polesello and Tapon, 2007, Emoto et al., 2006, Hariharan, 2006, Polesello et al., 2006, Silva, 2006, Silva et al., 2006, Formstecher et al., 2005)
        MST
        (Kanao et al., 2012)
        MST2
        (Morrison et al., 2000)
        dMST
        (Zhang et al., 2008, Jia et al., 2004, Jia et al., 2003)
        hipo
        (Kanao et al., 2012)
        hippo
        (Ng et al., 2016, Fletcher et al., 2015, Portela et al., 2015, Wittkorn et al., 2015, Ferguson and Martinez-Agosto, 2014, Ilanges et al., 2013)
        hpo
        (Gogia et al., 2021, Harrison et al., 2021, Lebo et al., 2021, Tokamov et al., 2021, Yamaguchi et al., 2021, Yang and Choi, 2021, Baker, 2020, Bakshi and Joshi, 2020, Cairns et al., 2020, Guo et al., 2020, Irwin et al., 2020, Neal et al., 2020, Ueoka et al., 2020, Yatsenko et al., 2020, Yu et al., 2020, Zhang et al., 2020, Arbouzova et al., 2019, Chatterjee and Deng, 2019, Coelho and Moreno, 2019, Fahey-Lozano et al., 2019, Herrera and Bach, 2019, Jiménez-Martínez et al., 2019, Khezri and Rusten, 2019, Luhur et al., 2019, Meltzer et al., 2019, Schaub et al., 2019, Snigdha et al., 2019, Sun et al., 2019, Xu et al., 2019, Yamamoto et al., 2019, Yee et al., 2019, Azuma et al., 2018, Forest et al., 2018, Kushimura et al., 2018, Li et al., 2018, Reilein et al., 2018, Sarkar et al., 2018, Tsuboi et al., 2018, Wang et al., 2018, Yu and Pan, 2018, Baker, 2017, Hevia et al., 2017, Li et al., 2017, Moeller et al., 2017, Neisch et al., 2017, Rossi et al., 2017, Su et al., 2017, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Zheng et al., 2017, Boone et al., 2016, Chung et al., 2016, Huang et al., 2016, Kuleesha et al., 2016, Levinson and Cagan, 2016, Liu et al., 2016, Losick et al., 2016, Mao et al., 2016, Poon et al., 2016, Sakuma et al., 2016, Sarov et al., 2016, Suijkerbuijk et al., 2016, Dent et al., 2015, Di Cara et al., 2015, Dong et al., 2015, Enomoto et al., 2015, Fischer et al., 2015, Gailite et al., 2015, Gaspar et al., 2015, Keder et al., 2015, Kwon et al., 2015, Li et al., 2015, Meng et al., 2015, Nie et al., 2015, Wang and Baker, 2015, Wittkorn et al., 2015, Zhang et al., 2015, Zheng et al., 2015, Djabrayan et al., 2014, Huang and Kalderon, 2014, Hu et al., 2014, Li et al., 2014, Lin et al., 2014, Qing et al., 2014, Robbins et al., 2014, Sopko et al., 2014, Tipping and Perrimon, 2014, Vo et al., 2014, Chen et al., 2013, Deng et al., 2013, Guo et al., 2013, Huang et al., 2013, Ilanges et al., 2013, Jukam et al., 2013, Jukam et al., 2013, Kwon et al., 2013, Kwon et al., 2013, Lucas et al., 2013, Marcinkevicius and Zallen, 2013, Southall et al., 2013, Wehr et al., 2013, Yin et al., 2013, Denton et al., 2012, Herranz et al., 2012, Justiniano et al., 2012, Papatheodorou et al., 2012, Poernbacher et al., 2012, Verghese et al., 2012, Ye et al., 2012, Bao et al., 2011, Boggiano et al., 2011, Chen et al., 2011, Fernández et al., 2011, Jukam and Desplan, 2011, Laprise, 2011, Matsubara et al., 2011, Napoletano et al., 2011, Poon et al., 2011, Rauskolb et al., 2011, Reddy and Irvine, 2011, Zhang et al., 2011, Baumgartner et al., 2010, Baumgartner et al., 2010, Chen et al., 2010, Das Thakur et al., 2010, Fang and Adler, 2010, Genevet et al., 2010, Genevet et al., 2010, Grzeschik et al., 2010, Ho et al., 2010, Milton et al., 2010, Neto-Silva et al., 2010, Nicolay et al., 2010, Ren et al., 2010, Ren et al., 2010, Ribeiro et al., 2010, Shaw et al., 2010, Varelas et al., 2010, Yu et al., 2010, Zecca and Struhl, 2010, Zeng et al., 2010, Cruz et al., 2009, Davidson et al., 2009, Genevet et al., 2009, Hamaratoglu et al., 2009, Oh et al., 2009, Zhang et al., 2009, Dutta and Baehrecke, 2008, Goulev et al., 2008, Nicolay and Frolov, 2008, Oh and Irvine, 2008, Sun et al., 2008, Willecke et al., 2008, Wu et al., 2008, Yu et al., 2008, Zhang et al., 2008, Feng and Irvine, 2007, Meignin et al., 2007, Parrish et al., 2007, Pellock et al., 2007, Pfleger et al., 2007, Polesello and Tapon, 2007, Soba et al., 2007, Tyler and Baker, 2007, Tyler et al., 2007, Wei et al., 2007, Wei et al., 2007, Zhao et al., 2007, Bennett and Harvey, 2006, Cho et al., 2006, Colombani et al., 2006, Edgar, 2006, Hamaratoglu et al., 2006, Polesello et al., 2006, Thompson and Cohen, 2006, Willecke et al., 2006, Mikeladze-Dvali et al., 2005, Udan et al., 2003)
        Name Synonyms
        HIPPO
        (Liu et al., 2017)
        Hippo
        (Chen et al., 2020, Texada et al., 2020, Matsui and Lai, 2019, Mirzoyan et al., 2019, Cairns et al., 2018, Enomoto et al., 2018, Fletcher et al., 2018, Kim and Jho, 2018, Moon et al., 2018, Stuelten et al., 2018, Takeda et al., 2018, Hergovich, 2017, Bonfini et al., 2016, Boone et al., 2016, Di Gregorio et al., 2016, Hergovich, 2016, Poon et al., 2016, Suijkerbuijk et al., 2016, Yadav et al., 2016, Buchon and Osman, 2015, Copf, 2015, Enomoto et al., 2015, Hariharan, 2015, Irvine and Harvey, 2015, Pasco et al., 2015, Thompson, 2015, Thompson and Sahai, 2015, Amoyel and Bach, 2014, Sadeqzadeh et al., 2014, Degoutin et al., 2013, Deng et al., 2013, Huang et al., 2013, Konsavage and Yochum, 2013, Kwon et al., 2013, Lucas et al., 2013, Pastor-Pareja and Xu, 2013, Pomerantz and Blau, 2013, Puram and Bonni, 2013, Takashima et al., 2013, Vilmos et al., 2013, Wu and Wu, 2013, Yang and Hata, 2013, Hergovich and Hemmings, 2012, Jin et al., 2012, Bao et al., 2011, Finan et al., 2011, Halder and Johnson, 2011, Reddy and Irvine, 2011, Baumgartner et al., 2010, Das Thakur et al., 2010, Genevet et al., 2010, Grzeschik et al., 2010, Ho et al., 2010, Ren et al., 2010, Ribeiro et al., 2010, Yu et al., 2010, Classen et al., 2009, Genevet et al., 2009, Hamaratoglu et al., 2009, Oh et al., 2009, Deng et al., 2008, Dutta and Baehrecke, 2008, Goulev et al., 2008, Mattila et al., 2008, Nicolay and Frolov, 2008, Oh and Irvine, 2008, Yu et al., 2008, Dong et al., 2007, Feng and Irvine, 2007, Hamaratoglu et al., 2007, Jukam and Desplan, 2007, Martin et al., 2007, Polesello and Tapon, 2007, Willecke et al., 2007, Colombani et al., 2006, Emoto et al., 2006, Polesello et al., 2006, Silva, 2006, Silva et al., 2006, Willecke et al., 2006, Wheeler et al., 2004)
        Hippo kinase
        (Jukam et al., 2013)
        MST
        hippo
        (Vigneswaran et al., 2021, Otsuki and Brand, 2020, Brown et al., 2019, Jia et al., 2018, Hevia et al., 2017, Atwell et al., 2016, Losick et al., 2016, Ng et al., 2016, Di Cara et al., 2015, Kwon et al., 2015, Johnston, 2014, Jones and Srivastava, 2014, Harvey et al., 2013, Perea et al., 2013, Wehr et al., 2013, Justiniano et al., 2012, Nagaraj et al., 2012, Verghese et al., 2012, Chen et al., 2011, Chen et al., 2010, Fang and Adler, 2010, Menéndez et al., 2010, Milton et al., 2010, Zecca and Struhl, 2010, Badouel et al., 2009, Cruz et al., 2009, Zhang et al., 2009, Bakal et al., 2008, Rafel and Milán, 2008, Sun et al., 2008, Meignin et al., 2007, Menut et al., 2007, Tyler and Baker, 2007, Cho et al., 2006, Hariharan, 2006, Herz et al., 2006, Nolo et al., 2006, Bateman and McNeill, 2005, Formstecher et al., 2005, Wang and Montell, 2005, Hafen and Stocker, 2003, Wu et al., 2003)
        Secondary FlyBase IDs
        • FBgn0034453
        • FBgn0069363
        Datasets (1)
        Study focus (1)
        Experimental Role
        Project
        Project Type
        Title
        • bait_protein
        Hippo_Pathway_interaction_map
        Interaction map generated by purification of Hippo pathway factors, with identification of copurifying proteins by mass spectrometry.
        References (486)