FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\Pak
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Pak
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
p21-activated kinase
Annotation Symbol
CG10295
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0267698
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
25 publicly available
Enzyme Name (EC)
Gene Summary
p21-activated kinase (Pak) encodes a serine/threonine effector kinase for the small GTPases Rac and the product of Cdc42 involved in cytoskeletal regulation. The product of Pak contributes to growth cone guidance, synaptic development, and epithelial morphogenesis in both the ovary and embryo. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

DPAK, Pak1, Pak1 kinase, DmPAK1, PAK-kinase

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
83E4-83E4
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-47.5
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:6350896..6361614
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (31 terms)
Molecular Function (5 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity
inferred from direct assay
(Hing et al., 1999)
enables SH3 domain binding
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:dock; FB:FBgn0010583
(Hing et al., 1999)
enables small GTPase binding
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Rac1; FB:FBgn0010333
(Harden et al., 1996)
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Cdc42; FB:FBgn0010341
(Harden et al., 1996)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables ATP binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000719, InterPro:IPR017441
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
enables protein kinase activity
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000719, InterPro:IPR008271
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000684825
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR033923
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Biological Process (18 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (14 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in autophagic cell death
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Ihry and Bashirullah, 2014)
involved_in axon guidance
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Hing et al., 1999)
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:dock; FB:FBgn0010583
(Hing et al., 1999)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Dscam1; FB:FBgn0033159
(Schmucker et al., 2000)
involved_in cell adhesion
inferred from direct assay
(Harden et al., 1996)
involved_in dorsal closure, spreading of leading edge cells
inferred from expression pattern
(Harden et al., 1996)
involved_in dorsal closure
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Conder et al., 2004)
involved_in imaginal disc-derived leg morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Ihry and Bashirullah, 2014)
involved_in positive regulation of synaptic assembly at neuromuscular junction
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Kumar et al., 2009)
involved_in regulation of axonogenesis
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:LIMK1; FB:FBgn0283712
(Ng and Luo, 2004)
involved_in regulation of neurotransmitter receptor localization to postsynaptic specialization membrane
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Albin and Davis, 2004)
inferred from direct assay
(Albin and Davis, 2004)
involved_in regulation of programmed cell death
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Wang et al., 2008)
involved_in regulation of synapse maturation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Albin and Davis, 2004)
inferred from direct assay
(Albin and Davis, 2004)
involved_in regulation of synapse structure or activity
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Albin and Davis, 2004)
involved_in response to ecdysone
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Ihry and Bashirullah, 2014)
involved_in septate junction assembly
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Bahri et al., 2010)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in cell migration
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001221195
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in cellular response to starvation
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000685129
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in intracellular signal transduction
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001969365
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in regulation of axonogenesis
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000685295
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in regulation of MAPK cascade
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001969365
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Cellular Component (9 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (8 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
colocalizes_with actin filament
inferred from direct assay
(Harden et al., 1996)
located_in cell leading edge
inferred from direct assay
(Harden et al., 1996)
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Harden et al., 1996)
located_in cytoskeleton
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Conder et al., 2004)
colocalizes_with focal adhesion
inferred from direct assay
(Harden et al., 1996)
located_in lateral plasma membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Bahri et al., 2010)
located_in muscle cell postsynaptic specialization
inferred from direct assay
(Parnas et al., 2001)
is_active_in neuromuscular junction
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Albin and Davis, 2004)
inferred from direct assay
(Albin and Davis, 2004)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in cytoplasm
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000684825
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. STE Ser/Thr protein kinase family. STE20 subfamily. (Q9VI13)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)
protein serine/threonine kinase activity
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
p21-activated kinase (Pak) encodes a serine/threonine effector kinase for the small GTPases Rac and the product of Cdc42 involved in cytoskeletal regulation. The product of Pak contributes to growth cone guidance, synaptic development, and epithelial morphogenesis in both the ovary and embryo. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
P21-ACTIVATED KINASES -
PAK proteins are serine/threonine kinases characterised by an C-terminal STE20 kinase domain and an N-terminal p21-binding domain which binds RhoGTPases. PAKs are autoinhibited by homodimerization. PAKs are involved in the regulation of cytoskeleton organisation and other signaling cascades. (Adapted from FBrf0187582).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Protein kinase involved in intracellular signaling pathways downstream of integrins and receptor-type kinases that plays an important role in cytoskeleton dynamics, in cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, apoptosis, mitosis, and in vesicle-mediated transport processes. May be required for the formation of dendritic spines and excitatory synapses (By similarity). During muscle embryogenesis, promotes proper muscle morphogenesis, as well as guidance and targeting of subsets of myotubes (PubMed:18996366). In the developing eye, required for guidance and targeting of photoreceptor (R cell) axon projections but not for axon outgrowth, differentiation or target induction (PubMed:10399914). Is recruited to membranes by dock/dreadlocks, probably when dock/dreadlocks is associated with activated receptors (PubMed:10399914).
(UniProt, Q9VI13)
Summary (Interactive Fly)

p21-activated kinase - signal transduction protein functioning downstream of rac - required for growth cone guidance - BTB-kelch protein Diablo modulates synaptic dPAK to gate glutamate receptor abundance and postsynaptic response

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
9
Number of Unique Polypeptides
2

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Pak for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9VI13)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.55

Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR.

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Annotated transcripts do not represent all possible combinations of alternative exons and/or alternative promoters.

Gene model reviewed during 5.47

Tissue-specific extension of 3' UTRs observed during later stages (FBrf0218523, FBrf0219848); all variants may not be annotated

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Pak-RA
FBtr0081715
NM_169136
3461
704
Pak-RB
FBtr0081716
NM_079942
3168
704
Pak-RC
FBtr0081714
NM_169137
3064
704
Pak-RE
FBtr0334539
NM_001275380
3163
704
Pak-RF
FBtr0334540
NM_001275381
3576
840
Pak-RG
FBtr0334541
NM_001144541
3671
840
Pak-RH
FBtr0334542
NM_001275382
5196
840
Pak-RI
FBtr0334543
NM_001275383
4937
840
Pak-RJ
FBtr0334544
NM_001275384
4827
704
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

4.3 (northern blot)

(Harden et al., 1996)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Pak-PA
FBpp0081212
76.2
704
7.40
Q9VI13
NP_731073
AAF54131
Pak-PB
FBpp0081213
76.2
704
7.40
Q9VI13
NP_524681
AAF54132
Pak-PC
FBpp0081211
76.2
704
7.40
Q9VI13
NP_731074
AAN13373
Pak-PE
FBpp0306606
76.2
704
7.40
Q9VI13
NP_001262309
AGB95692
Pak-PF
FBpp0306607
89.8
840
6.82
B7Z0W0
NP_001262310
AGB95693
Pak-PG
FBpp0306608
89.8
840
6.82
B7Z0W0
NP_001138013
ACL83472
Pak-PH
FBpp0306609
89.8
840
6.82
B7Z0W0
NP_001262311
AGB95694
Pak-PI
FBpp0306610
89.8
840
6.82
B7Z0W0
NP_001262312
AGB95695
Pak-PJ
FBpp0306611
76.2
704
7.40
Q9VI13
NP_001262313
AGB95696
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

704 aa isoforms: Pak-PA, Pak-PB, Pak-PC, Pak-PE, Pak-PJ
840 aa isoforms: Pak-PF, Pak-PG, Pak-PH, Pak-PI
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

704 (aa); 75 (kD observed); 76 (kD predicted)

(Harden et al., 1996)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts with activated, GTP-bound Cdc42 and Rac1 (PubMed:8628256). Forms a complex with pix and Git; the interaction with Git may be mediated by pix (PubMed:18996366). Interacts (via N-terminal PXXP motif) with dock/dreadlocks (via SH3 domain 2) (PubMed:10399914).

(UniProt, Q9VI13)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Pak using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-1.18

Transcript Expression
dissected tissue
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
wandering third instar larval stage
embryonic/larval salivary gland

Comment: from -12 hr APF

(Ihry and Bashirullah, 2014)
prepupal stage P1 -- P4
embryonic/larval salivary gland

Comment: peak at P4

(Ihry and Bashirullah, 2014)
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
organism | intense | ubiquitous

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 4 -- 6
organism | gap expression pattern
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 7 -- 8
antennal anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
antennal primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
lateral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral nerve cord primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
antennal primordium

Comment: reported as procephalon primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain primordium

Comment: reported as procephalon primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalon primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
lateral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalon primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalon primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual primordium

Comment: reported as procephalon primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral nerve cord primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
embryonic brain
(Fisher et al., 2012)
larval ventral nerve cord
(Fisher et al., 2012)
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
organism | ubiquitous
(Harden et al., 1996)
embryonic stage -- adult stage
(Harden et al., 1996)
embryonic stage 11 -- 14
amnioserosa | surrounding
(Harden et al., 1996)
embryonic stage 15 -- 17
presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system
(Harden et al., 1996)
embryonic/larval dorsal vessel
(Harden et al., 1996)
muscle attachment site
(Harden et al., 1996)
Additional Descriptive Data

Expression increases after the prepupal (+10 hr APF) ecdysone pulse.

(Ihry and Bashirullah, 2014)

Pak transcripts are detected throughout development on northern blots. Transcripts are detected ubiquitously throughout embryogenesis by in situ hybridization. Elevated transcript levels are observed in particular cells. From stage 11 until dorsal closure, elevated levels are seen in epidermal cells flanking the amnioserosa, particularly in two cells flanking each segment border. After dorsal closure, elevated transcript levels are observed in the dorsal vessel, in the CNS, and at muscle attachment sites.

(Harden et al., 1996)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
organism | ubiquitous
(Harden et al., 1996)
embryonic stage 11 -- 14
amnioserosa | surrounding
(Harden et al., 1996)
embryonic stage 12 -- 17
larval posterior commissure
(Harden et al., 1996)
presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system
(Harden et al., 1996)
larval longitudinal connective
(Harden et al., 1996)
larval anterior commissure
(Harden et al., 1996)
late embryonic stage
embryonic/larval dorsal vessel
(Harden et al., 1996)
muscle attachment site
(Harden et al., 1996)
third instar larval stage
synapse | restricted

Comment: Postsynaptic.

(Graf et al., 2009)
wandering third instar larval stage
type I bouton
(Coyle et al., 2004)
adult stage
medulla | faint | restricted
(Hamanaka and Meinertzhagen, 2010)
ventral cervical muscle cell
(Rivlin et al., 2004)
muscle cell of prothoracic sternal anterior rotator muscle 31
(Rivlin et al., 2004)
muscle cell of prothoracic sternal adductor muscle 33
(Rivlin et al., 2004)
motor neuron
(Rivlin et al., 2004)
motor neuron
• axon
(Rivlin et al., 2004)
lamina | restricted
(Hamanaka and Meinertzhagen, 2010)
oogenesis
follicle cell

Comment: limited to basal end by stage S9

(Conder et al., 2007)
Additional Descriptive Data

Pak is expressed weakly in central brain neuropils, and shows a punctate distribution where it is expressed.

(Hamanaka and Meinertzhagen, 2010)

Pak staining is seen at follicle cell membranes and in germline cells in early egg chambers. Staining gets more restricted with time and is limited to the basal end of follicle cells by stage S9. Strong cortical localization is observed

(Conder et al., 2007)

in the columnar epithelium over the oocyte.

(Conder et al., 2007)

In the adult prothorax and neck, Pak immunoreactivity is observed at the active zone of type I boutons of motor neurons innervating ventral cervical muscles, prothoracic sternal anterior rotator muscle 31, and prothoracic sternal adductor muscle 33. Patches of Pak immunoreactivity are distributed over the surface of Type I boutons, and also along the the innervating axon. Pak immunoreactivity is distributed evenly along the length of Type I terminals at muscle 27, suggesting an unusually large synaptic contact.

(Rivlin et al., 2004)

Pak protein is detected ubiquitously during embryogenesis. Elevated protein levels are observed in particular cells in late embryonic stages. Heavy staining is observed in the dorsal vessel and at muscle attachment sites. Beginning at stage 12, staining is observed in the longitudinal connectives and commissures of the CNS. Pak protein levels are also elevated in the first row of epidermal cells surrounding the amnioserosa and more particularly at the leading edge of these cells. Levels are elevated in one to six cells flanking each segment border.

(Harden et al., 1996)
Marker for
 
postsynaptic density
(Coyle et al., 2004)
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
colocalizes_with actin filament
inferred from direct assay
(Harden et al., 1996)
located_in cell leading edge
inferred from direct assay
(Harden et al., 1996)
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Harden et al., 1996)
located_in cytoskeleton
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Conder et al., 2004)
colocalizes_with focal adhesion
inferred from direct assay
(Harden et al., 1996)
located_in lateral plasma membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Bahri et al., 2010)
located_in muscle cell postsynaptic specialization
inferred from direct assay
(Parnas et al., 2001)
is_active_in neuromuscular junction
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Albin and Davis, 2004)
inferred from direct assay
(Albin and Davis, 2004)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Pak in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 33 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 34 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Pak
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Pak
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 5 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal
lethal, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PFa
lethal - all die before end of P-stage | recessive
lethal - all die during embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4332.3
lethal - all die during embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4c381
lethal - all die during embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4LE
partially lethal - majority die, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
Sterility
Allele
female semi-sterile, with Scer\GAL4VP16.nanos.UTR, Scer\GAL4VP16.otu, Scer\GAL4nanos.PG
female sterile, with Scer\GAL4VP16.nanos.UTR, Scer\GAL4VP16.otu, Scer\GAL4nanos.PG
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal neuroanatomy, with Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
abnormal neuroanatomy, with Scer\GAL4ey-OK107
abnormal neuroanatomy, with Scer\GAL4SG18.1
abnormal neuroanatomy (with Pak4)
abnormal neuroanatomy (with Pak6)
abnormal neuroanatomy (with Pak11)
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4ato.3.6
abnormal neuroanatomy | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone
abnormal neuroanatomy | embryonic stage
abnormal neuroanatomy | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4eve.RN2
abnormal neuroanatomy | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4Ret.P2
abnormal neuroanatomy | embryonic stage (with Pak4)
abnormal neuroanatomy | embryonic stage (with Pak6-2)
abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4P2.4.Pdf
abnormal neuroanatomy | pupal stage (with Pak4)
abnormal neuroanatomy | pupal stage (with Pak6)
abnormal neurophysiology (with Df(3R)WIN11)
decreased cell number | oogenesis, with Scer\GAL4nanos.PU
increased cell number | oogenesis, with Scer\GAL4nanos.PU
increased cell number | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4wor.PA
increased size | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4Ret.P2
some die during embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4332.3
some die during embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4c381
some die during embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4LE
some die during pharate adult stage | recessive
some die during P-stage | recessive
some die during pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
uncoordinated
wild-type
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
abdominal posterior fascicle neuron & growth cone & filopodium, with Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
adult antennal nerve | P-stage (with Pak4)
adult antennal nerve | P-stage (with Pak6)
adult mushroom body, with Scer\GAL4ey-OK107
adult mushroom body alpha-lobe, with Scer\GAL4ey-OK107
adult mushroom body beta-lobe, with Scer\GAL4ey-OK107
antennal lobe, with Scer\GAL4SG18.1
antennal lobe (with Pak4)
antennal lobe (with Pak6)
antennal lobe (with Pak11)
antennal lobe & neuropil (with Pak6)
antennal lobe & neuropil (with Pak11)
antennal lobe | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone
antennal lobe glomerulus DM2 (with Pak6)
antennal lobe glomerulus DM2 (with Pak11)
antennal lobe glomerulus DM3 (with Pak6)
antennal lobe glomerulus DM3 (with Pak11)
Bolwig nerve (with Pak6)
Bolwig nerve (with Pak11)
bouton
bouton (with Pak3)
bouton (with Pak6)
cystoblast | decreased number, with Scer\GAL4nanos.PU
dendrite | embryonic stage
dendrite | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4eve.RN2
dendrite | embryonic stage (with Pak4)
dendrite | embryonic stage (with Pak6-2)
embryo | dorsal closure stage, with Scer\GAL4332.3
embryo | dorsal closure stage, with Scer\GAL4c381
embryo | dorsal closure stage | germline clone
embryo | maternal effect, with Scer\GAL4VP16.nanos.UTR, Scer\GAL4VP16.otu, Scer\GAL4nanos.PG
embryonic/first instar larval cuticle, with Scer\GAL4332.3
embryonic/first instar larval cuticle, with Scer\GAL4c381
embryonic/first instar larval cuticle, with Scer\GAL4LE
embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | germline clone
embryonic/larval frontal nerve | absent | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4Ret.P2
embryonic/larval frontal nerve | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4Ret.P2
embryonic/larval salivary gland
embryonic/larval salivary gland, with Scer\GAL4AB1
embryonic/larval salivary gland | prepupal stage (with Pakpsg4a)
embryonic/larval salivary gland | prepupal stage (with Pakpsg4b)
eye disc
female germline stem cell | increased number, with Scer\GAL4nanos.PU
glial cell & antennal lobe (with Pak6)
glial cell & antennal lobe (with Pak11)
growth cone, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
growth cone (with Pak6)
growth cone (with Pak10)
lamina
larval abdominal segmental nerve, with Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
larval abdominal segmental nerve (with Pak6)
larval abdominal segmental nerve (with Pak11)
larval DA1 motor neuron | embryonic stage
larval DA1 motor neuron | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4eve.RN2
larval DA1 motor neuron | embryonic stage (with Pak4)
larval DA1 motor neuron | embryonic stage (with Pak6-2)
larval hindgut nerve | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4Ret.P2
larval s-LNv neuron, with Scer\GAL4P2.4.Pdf
lateral transverse muscle cell | germline clone
leg | prepupal stage
lobula columnar neuron LC14, with Scer\GAL4ato.3.6
medulla
medulla, with Scer\GAL4ato.3.6
medulla anlage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
medulla anlage (with Pak6)
medulla anlage (with Pak10)
mesothoracic les3 neuron & growth cone & filopodium, with Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
metathoracic les3 neuron & growth cone & filopodium, with Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
muscle cell of A1-7 lateral oblique muscle 1 | germline clone
muscle cell of A1-7 ventral oblique muscle 1 | germline clone
muscle cell of ventral acute muscle 3 | germline clone
muscle cell of ventral oblique muscle 5 | germline clone
muscle cell of ventral oblique muscle 6 | germline clone
mushroom body pedunculus, with Scer\GAL4ey-OK107
neuroblast | increased number | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4wor.PA
neuron & antennal lobe (with Pak6)
neuron & antennal lobe (with Pak11)
neuron projection | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4P2.4.Pdf
photoreceptor cell & axon
photoreceptor cell & axon | somatic clone
postsynaptic membrane (with Pak6)
postsynaptic membrane (with Pak7)
postsynaptic membrane (with Pak11)
subsynaptic reticulum | third instar larval stage
wing
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (81)
Hsap\PAK1
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Hsap\PAK2
12 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\PAK3
12 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\BUB1B-PAK6
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\PAK4
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\PAK5
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ARAF
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\AURKA
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\BRSK1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CDC7
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CDK20
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\CHEK2
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\DCLK1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\FGFR1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\LATS2
1 of 14
No
No
4  
Hsap\MAP2K1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\MAP2K6
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\MAP3K1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\MAP3K2
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\MAP3K3
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\MAP3K4
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\MAP3K6
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\MAP3K19
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\MAP4K1
1 of 14
No
No
2  
Hsap\MAP4K2
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\MAP4K3
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\MAP4K4
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\MAP4K5
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\MAPK1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\MAPK7
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\MAPK8
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\MAPK9
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\MAPK10
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\MAPK11
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\MAPK12
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\MAPK13
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\MAPK14
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\MINK1
1 of 14
No
No
2  
Hsap\MYO3A
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\MYO3B
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\NEK7
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\NRBP1
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\NRBP2
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\NRK
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\NUAK1
1 of 14
No
No
2  
Hsap\NUAK2
1 of 14
No
No
2  
Hsap\OXSR1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\PAK6
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\PDIK1L
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\PLK4
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\PRKX
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\PRKY
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\PSKH1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\RPS6KA3
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\RPS6KB2
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\SLK
1 of 14
No
No
6  
Hsap\SNRK
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\STK3
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\STK4
1 of 14
No
No
2  
Hsap\STK10
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\STK17A
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\STK24
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\STK25
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\STK26
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\STK33
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\STK35
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\STK38L
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\STK39
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\STRADA
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\STRADB
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\TAOK1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\TAOK2
1 of 14
No
No
4  
Hsap\TAOK3
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\TNIK
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\TSSK2
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\TTK
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\ULK3
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\WNK1
1 of 14
No
No
2  
Hsap\WNK2
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\WNK3
1 of 14
No
No
2  
Hsap\WNK4
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (45)
Rnor\Pak1
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Pak2
12 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Pak3
12 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Pak4
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Pak5
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Pak6
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Aurka
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Brsk1
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Cdc7
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Hunk
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Map3k4
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Map3k19
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Map4k1
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Map4k3
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Map4k4
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Map4k5
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Mink1
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Myo3a
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Myo3b
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Nek4
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Nrbp1
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Nrbp2
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Nrk
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Oxsr1
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Pdik1l
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\RGD1560718
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Slk
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Stk3
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Stk4
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Stk10
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Stk24
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Stk25
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Stk26
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Stk33
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Stk35
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Stk39
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Taok1
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Taok2
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Taok3
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Tnik
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Ulk3
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Wnk1
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Wnk2
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Wnk3
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Wnk4
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (46)
Mmus\Pak1
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Pak2
12 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pak3
12 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Pak4
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Pak6
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Aurka
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Brsk1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cdc7
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Dclk1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Dclk3
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Map3k4
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Map3k19
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Map4k1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Map4k2
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Map4k3
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Map4k4
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Map4k5
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Mink1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Myo3a
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Myo3b
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Nrbp1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Nrbp2
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Nrk
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Nuak2
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Oxsr1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Pak5
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Pdik1l
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Slk
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Stk3
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Stk4
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Stk10
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Stk24
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Stk25
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Stk26
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Stk33
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Stk35
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Stk39
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Taok1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Taok2
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Taok3
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Tnik
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Ulk3
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Wnk1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Wnk2
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Wnk3
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Wnk4
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (46)
Xtro\pak2
10 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\pak3
10 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\pak1
6 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\pak4
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\a2ml1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\axin1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\LOC100145764
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\LOC100486333
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\LOC100498055
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\LOC101734050
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\LOC116406512
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\map2k1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\map3k1
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\map3k2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\map3k19
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\map4k3
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\map4k4
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\map4k5
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\mapk7
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\mapk13
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\mark4
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\mastl
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\musk
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\nrk
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\nuak1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\nuak2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\pak5
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\pak6
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\pdik1l
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\prkx
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\ros1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\sel1l3
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\snrk
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\speg
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\spring1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\stk3
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\stk4
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\stk10
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\stk35
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\stk39
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\stradb
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\taok1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\taok2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\ttk
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\ulk1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\XB956263
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (67)
Drer\pak1
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\pak2a
12 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\pak2b
12 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\LOC100536197
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\pak4
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\pak5
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\pak6b
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\camk4
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\cdc7
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\cdk1
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\cdk6
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\dclk1b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\irak1
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\LOC101885029
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\LOC101885707
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\LOC101887148
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\map3k4
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\map3k19
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\map4k2
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\map4k3a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\map4k3b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\map4k4
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\map4k5
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\map4k6
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\mink1
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\mylka
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\mylkb
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\myo3a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\myo3b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\nek4
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\nrbp1
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\nrbp2a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\nrbp2b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\oxsr1a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\oxsr1b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\pdik1l
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\pskh1
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\rps6kal
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\si:ch73-122k23.1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\si:ch211-63o20.7
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\si:dkey-81j8.6
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\si:dkey-151g10.3
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\si:zfos-2326c3.2
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\slkb
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\snrka
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\stk3
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\stk16
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\stk24a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\stk24b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\stk25a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\stk25b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\stk26
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\stk33
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\stk35
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\stk35l
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\stk39
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\taok1a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\taok1b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\taok2a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\taok2b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\taok3a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\taok3b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\tnika
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\ulk1a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\wnk1a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\wnk2
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\wnk4b
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (37)
Cele\pak-1
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
Cele\max-2
5 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\pak-2
2 of 14
No
No
Cele\aak-2
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\air-1
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\cdc-7
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\cst-1
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\cst-2
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\gakh-1
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\gck-1
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\gck-2
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\gck-3
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\gck-4
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\hpo-11
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\jnk-1
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\K11H12.9
1 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\kgb-1
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\kgb-2
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\kin-18
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\mig-15
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\mkk-4
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\mlck-1
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\mpk-2
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\nekl-3
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\nsy-1
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\pig-1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\pmk-1
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\pmk-2
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\rskn-1
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\rskn-2
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\sad-1
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\sek-1
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\sma-5
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\strd-1
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\unc-22
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\wnk-1
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\zyg-1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (38)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP002986
11 of 12
Yes
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP001790
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010874
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP000098
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP000747
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP001471
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP001633
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP001867
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP002075
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP002110
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP002371
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP002686
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003005
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003180
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003201
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003202
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP004579
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP004780
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP005772
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP006044
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP006340
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP006411
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP006715
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP007805
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP007855
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP007996
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP008341
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP009460
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP009461
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP009730
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP009961
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010551
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010837
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP011030
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP011099
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP012244
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP012422
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP013439
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (137)
Atha\MAP3KA
2 of 13
Yes
No
Atha\MAPKKK5
2 of 13
Yes
No
Atha\SIK1
2 of 13
Yes
No
Atha\AT1G03740
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT1G18160
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT1G23700
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT1G30640
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT1G33770
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT1G48490
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT1G51810
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT1G67890
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT1G70430
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT1G71530
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT1G73660
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT1G79640
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT2G01820
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT2G05060
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT2G07020
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT2G19400
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT2G19410
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT2G20470
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT2G34290
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT2G35050
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT2G36350
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT2G37840
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT2G40500
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT2G40560
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT2G40580
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT2G41910
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT2G41920
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT2G41930
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT2G42550
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT3G01085
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT3G06620
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT3G06630
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT3G15220
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT3G17850
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT3G23310
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT3G45670
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT3G45790
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT3G46140
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT3G46160
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT3G46400
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT3G53930
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT3G61960
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT4G10010
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT4G10730
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT4G14350
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT4G14480
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT4G24100
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT4G33080
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT4G34500
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT5G09890
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT5G11850
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT5G12090
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT5G14720
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT5G27510
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT5G27790
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT5G44290
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT5G55560
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT5G57610
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\ATMAP4K ALPHA1
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\ATMPK13
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\ATN1
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\CAK1AT
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CDKB2;1
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\CDKB2;2
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\CDPK6
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\CES101
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\CIPK5
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\CIPK12
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\CIPK19
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\CIPK25
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\CPK6
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\CPK16
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\CPK17
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\CPK18
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\CPK21
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\CPK26
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\CPK28
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\CPK29
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\CPK31
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\CPK33
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\CPK34
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\CTR1
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\EDR1
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\IRE
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\KIN10
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\KIN11
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\MAPKKK6
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\MAPKKK7
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\MAPKKK9
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\MAPKKK13
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\MAPKKK14
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\MAPKKK15
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\MAPKKK16
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\MAPKKK17
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\MAPKKK18
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\MAPKKK19
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\MAPKKK20
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\MAPKKK21
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\MEKK1
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\MEKK3
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\MKK3
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\MKK4
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\MKK6
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\MKK10
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\MPK6
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\MPK10
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\MPK12
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\MPK20
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\NEK1
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\NEK3
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\NEK4
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\NEK6
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\NP1
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\NP2
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\NP3
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\PPCK1
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\PPK1
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\SIP1
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\SnRK1.3
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\SOS2
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\TSL
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\VIK
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\WNK1
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\WNK2
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\WNK3
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\WNK4
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\WNK5
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\WNK6
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\WNK7
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\WNK8
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\WNK9
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\WNK10
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\WRKY19
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\YDA
1 of 13
No
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (18)
Scer\STE20
9 of 13
Yes
Yes
Scer\SKM1
5 of 13
No
No
Scer\CLA4
4 of 13
No
No
Scer\BCK1
1 of 13
No
No
Scer\CDC7
1 of 13
No
No
Scer\CMK1
1 of 13
No
No
Scer\DUN1
1 of 13
No
No
Scer\HOG1
1 of 13
No
No
Scer\KDX1
1 of 13
No
No
Scer\KIC1
1 of 13
No
No
Scer\KIN82
1 of 13
No
No
Scer\MKK2
1 of 13
No
No
Scer\MPS1
1 of 13
No
No
Scer\PKC1
1 of 13
No
No
Scer\SPS1
1 of 13
No
No
Scer\SSK2
1 of 13
No
No
Scer\SSK22
1 of 13
No
No
Scer\STE11
1 of 13
No
No
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (14)
Spom\shk1
9 of 12
Yes
Yes
Spom\shk2
5 of 12
No
No
Spom\ppk2
2 of 12
No
No
Spom\cdc7
1 of 12
No
Yes
Spom\cek1
1 of 12
No
No
Spom\cmk1
1 of 12
No
No
Spom\hsk1
1 of 12
No
No
Spom\nak1
1 of 12
No
No
Spom\ppk25
1 of 12
No
Yes
Spom\ppk31
1 of 12
No
No
Spom\sid1
1 of 12
No
No
Spom\spk1
1 of 12
No
No
Spom\spo4
1 of 12
No
No
Spom\wis1
1 of 12
No
No
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Pak. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (36)
Pak3
6 of 13
mbt
5 of 13
hpo
3 of 13
msn
3 of 13
Tao
3 of 13
fray
2 of 13
GckIII
2 of 13
hppy
2 of 13
Slik
2 of 13
Stlk
2 of 13
AMPKα
1 of 13
Ask1
1 of 13
bsk
1 of 13
bt
1 of 13
CaMKI
1 of 13
Cdc7
1 of 13
Cdk2
1 of 13
Cdkl
1 of 13
CG5790
1 of 13
lok
1 of 13
Madm
1 of 13
Mekk1
1 of 13
Mps1
1 of 13
niki
1 of 13
ninaC
1 of 13
p38a
1 of 13
p38b
1 of 13
Pdk1
1 of 13
rl
1 of 13
S6kII
1 of 13
sff
1 of 13
Sik2
1 of 13
Sik3
1 of 13
Snrk
1 of 13
sti
1 of 13
Wnk
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Pak6
    model of  autism spectrum disorder
    CEA with dlg11
    (Grice et al., 2015)
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 )
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    PAK1; p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 1
    13 of 14
    602590
      PAK2; p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 2
      12 of 14
      605022
        PAK3; p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 3
        12 of 14
        300142
        Functional Complementation Data
        Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
        Interactions
        Summary of Physical Interactions
        Interaction Browsers
        View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
        Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
        protein-protein
        Physical Interaction
        Assay
        References
        Pak
        enzymatic study, autoradiography
        (Mentzel et al., 2009)
        Pak - Cdc42
        pull down, autoradiography, western blot
        (Nahm et al., 2006, Harden et al., 1996)
        Pak - CkIIβ
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
        (Mentzel et al., 2009)
        Pak - CkIIβ2
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
        (Mentzel et al., 2009)
        Pak - Git
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag western blot
        (Bahri et al., 2009)
        Pak - Mtl
        pull down, western blot
        (Fan et al., 2003)
        Pak - Rac1
        pull down, western blot, autoradiography, two hybrid, anti tag western blot
        (Nahm et al., 2006, Emoto et al., 2004, Fan et al., 2003, Hornstein et al., 2003, Hu et al., 2001, Newsome et al., 2000, Harden et al., 1996)
        Pak - Rac2
        two hybrid, pull down, anti tag western blot, western blot
        (Fan et al., 2003, Newsome et al., 2000)
        Pak - Ssl
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
        (Mentzel et al., 2009)
        Pak - cher
        proximity ligation assay, fluorescence microscopy
        (Lee and Schwarz, 2016)
        Pak - dbo
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
        (Wang et al., 2016)
        Pak - dlg1
        proximity ligation assay, fluorescence microscopy
        (Wang et al., 2015)
        Pak - dock
        two hybrid, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
        (Huang et al., 2011, Fan et al., 2003, Hing et al., 1999)
        Pak - l(2)gl
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
        (Bahri et al., 2010)
        Pak - robo1
        pull down, western blot
        (Fan et al., 2003)
        Pak - scrib
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
        (Bahri et al., 2010)
        Summary of Genetic Interactions
        Interaction Browsers
        View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
        Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        Pak
        suppressible
        bsk
        (Langen et al., 2013)
        Pak
        suppressible
        Cdc42
        (Ng and Luo, 2004)
        Pak
        enhanceable
        Dscam1
        (Schmucker et al., 2000)
        Pak
        enhanceable
        kst
        (Lee and Thomas, 2011)
        Pak
        suppressible
        kst
        (Lee and Thomas, 2011)
        Pak
        enhanceable
        Pak3
        (Bahri et al., 2010)
        Pak
        suppressible
        Rac1|Rac2
        (Ng and Luo, 2004)
        Pak
        enhanceable
        Rho1
        (Ng and Luo, 2004)
        Pak
        suppressible
        shg
        (Lee and Thomas, 2011)
        Pak
        suppressible
        tsr
        (Ng and Luo, 2004)
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        crb
        suppressible
        Pak
        (Flores-Benitez and Knust, 2015)
        dbo
        suppressible
        Pak
        (Wang et al., 2016)
        dock
        suppressible
        Pak
        (Kamiyama et al., 2015, Hing et al., 1999)
        Dscam1
        suppressible
        Pak
        (Kamiyama et al., 2015)
        Dscam1
        enhanceable
        Pak
        (Schmucker et al., 2000)
        fzr
        suppressible
        Pak
        (Neuert et al., 2017)
        kst
        suppressible
        Pak
        (Lee and Thomas, 2011)
        LIMK1
        suppressible
        Pak
        (Ng and Luo, 2004)
        N
        suppressible
        Pak
        (Langen et al., 2013)
        Pak3
        enhanceable
        Pak
        (Duan et al., 2012, Bahri et al., 2010)
        Pak3
        suppressible
        Pak
        (Duan et al., 2012)
        PlexB
        suppressible
        Pak
        (Hu et al., 2001)
        Rac1
        suppressible
        Pak
        (Conder et al., 2004)
        Rac1|sli
        suppressible
        Pak
        (Fan et al., 2003)
        RhoGAP19D
        enhanceable
        Pak
        (Fic et al., 2021)
        robo1
        enhanceable
        Pak
        (Fan et al., 2003)
        robo1|sli
        enhanceable
        Pak
        (Fan et al., 2003)
        shg
        suppressible
        Pak
        (Lee and Thomas, 2011)
        sli|robo1
        enhanceable
        Pak
        (Fan et al., 2003)
        trio
        enhanceable
        Pak
        (Newsome et al., 2000)
        tum
        suppressible
        Pak
        (Sotillos and Campuzano, 2000)
        External Data
        Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
        Interacts with activated, GTP-bound Cdc42 and Rac1 (PubMed:8628256). Forms a complex with pix and Git; the interaction with Git may be mediated by pix (PubMed:18996366). Interacts (via N-terminal PXXP motif) with dock/dreadlocks (via SH3 domain 2) (PubMed:10399914).
        (UniProt, Q9VI13 )
        Linkouts
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        Pathways
        Class of Gene
        Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
        Chromosome (arm)
        3R
        Recombination map
        3-47.5
        Cytogenetic map
        83E4-83E4
        Sequence location
        FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Evidence for location
        83E4-83E4
        Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}casj1C2 and P{PZ}lab01241
        Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Notes
        References
        83E4-83E6
        (determined by in situ hybridisation)
        (Ranz et al., 2001)
        83E-83E
        (Harden, 1996.2.16)
        83E-83E
        (determined by in situ hybridisation)
        (Harden et al., 1996)
        Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
        Location

        3-47.5

        (FlyBase, 2016)

        3-48.7

        (Sapiro et al., 2013)

        3-44.1

        (Comeron et al., 2012)

        3-

        (Wang et al., 2008, Harden, 1996.2.16)
        Left of (cM)
        Right of (cM)
        Notes
        Stocks and Reagents
        Stocks (25)
        Genomic Clones (19)
        cDNA Clones (58)
         

        Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

        cDNA clones, fully sequenced
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

          For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

          cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
          BDGP DGC clones
          Other clones
          RNAi and Array Information
          Linkouts
          Antibody Information
          Laboratory Generated Antibodies
           

          polyclonal

          (Harden et al., 1996)
          Commercially Available Antibodies
           
          Cell Line Information
          Publicly Available Cell Lines
           
            Other Stable Cell Lines
             
              Other Comments

              Pak is required for integrity of the leading edge cytoskeleton during dorsal closure.

              (Conder et al., 2004)

              One of 42 Drosophila genes identified as being most likely to reveal molecular and cellular mechanisms of nervous system development or plasticity relevant to human Mental Retardation disorders.

              (Inlow and Restifo, 2004)

              dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology.

              (Kiger et al., 2003)

              RNAi screen using dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene causes a phenotype when assayed in S2R+ cells: cells become retracted (unspread but flat). Kc167 cells are unaffected.

              (Kiger et al., 2003)

              dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene is tested in an RNAi screen for effects on actin-based lamella formation.

              (Rogers et al., 2003)

              Pak is a critical regulator of R cell axon guidance and a downstream effector of dock in vivo.

              (Hing et al., 1999)

              The Pak mutant phenotypes are remarkably similar to dock.

              (Hing et al., 1999)

              Distribution of Pak during embryonic development suggests that Pak protein may regulate the organisation of focal adhesions and focal complexes, and consequently the organisation of the actin cytoskeleton and may be participating in a bsk cascade required for dorsal closure.

              (Harden et al., 1996)

              Pak interacts with Cdc42 and Rac1 and is a potential downstream signalling molecule. Antibody staining suggest Pak gene product is associated with the cytoskeleton.

              (Harden et al., 1995)
              Relationship to Other Genes
              Source for database merge of

              Source for merge of: Pak CG10295

              (Bayraktaroglu, 2000.4.13)

              Source for merge of: Pak l(3)psg4

              (Ihry and Bashirullah, 2014)
              Additional comments
              Nomenclature History
              Source for database identify of
              Nomenclature comments
              Etymology
              Synonyms and Secondary IDs (38)
              Reported As
              Symbol Synonym
              CG10295
              (Sun et al., 2023, Kim et al., 2021, Neuert et al., 2017, Ni et al., 2011.7.19, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Berger et al., 2008, Rogers et al., 2003, Morrison et al., 2000)
              D-Pak
              (Ip and Davis, 1998)
              DPAK
              (Tsai et al., 2019, Sun et al., 2011, Hamanaka and Meinertzhagen, 2010, Li et al., 2007, Mehta et al., 2005, Yoshihara et al., 2005, Chen et al., 2004, Kawasaki et al., 2004, Martin and Parkhurst, 2004, Rivlin et al., 2004, Xia and Karin, 2004, Hornstein et al., 2003, Pennetta et al., 2002, Sem et al., 2002, Van Aelst and Symons, 2002, Dan et al., 2001, Raymond et al., 2000, Sone et al., 2000, Weitzman, 2000, Harden et al., 1999, Noselli and Agnes, 1999, Ricos et al., 1999, Ricos et al., 1999, Stronach and Perrimon, 1999, Wang et al., 1999, Goberdhan and Wilson, 1998, Noselli, 1998, Martin-Blanco, 1997, Robinson and Cooley, 1997, Harden, 1996.2.16, Ricos et al., 1996)
              DPak
              (Choi et al., 2010, Jacinto et al., 2002, Manning, 2001.10.10)
              DPak1
              (Lee and Chen, 2019, Duan et al., 2012)
              DmPAK1
              (Mentzel et al., 2009, Mentzel and Raabe, 2005)
              Dpak
              (Flores-Benitez and Knust, 2015, Lee et al., 2009, Chen et al., 2004)
              Dpak1
              (Chernoff, 1996.4.22)
              PAK
              (Popkova et al., 2020, Kim et al., 2015, Ramos et al., 2015, Sterne et al., 2015, Fukui et al., 2012, Kim et al., 2012, Delon and Brown, 2009, Garcia-Mata and Burridge, 2007, Kohsaka et al., 2007, Schmid et al., 2006, Wagh et al., 2006, Rasse et al., 2005, Geisbrecht and Montell, 2004, Wharton, 2003, Castellani and Rougon, 2002, Miller, 2002, Crawford et al., 2001, Hu et al., 2001, Boutros and Mlodzik, 1999, Newsome et al., 1999, Takagi et al., 1998, Garrity et al., 1997, Harden et al., 1996)
              PAK-1
              (Zheng et al., 2015)
              PAK1
              (Zhou et al., 2022, Ruan et al., 2016, Delpire, 2009, Wallingford and Habas, 2005, Patel and Van Vactor, 2002, Van Aelst and D'Souza-Schorey, 1997)
              PAK2
              (Morrison et al., 2000)
              PaK
              (Baum, 2002)
              Pak
              (Montemurro et al., 2025, Garcia-Vaquero et al., 2023, Khalili et al., 2023, Ding et al., 2022, Koehler et al., 2022, Li et al., 2022, Lebo et al., 2021, Ostalé et al., 2021, Pang et al., 2021, Chou et al., 2020, Lin et al., 2020, Oliveira da Silva et al., 2020, Singh et al., 2020, Yusuff et al., 2020, Finegan et al., 2019, Jiang et al., 2019, Richier et al., 2018, Ugrankar et al., 2018, Neuert et al., 2017, Rui et al., 2017, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Perkins et al., 2015, Ugrankar et al., 2015, Vlachos et al., 2015, Wang et al., 2015, Abe et al., 2014, Ashwal-Fluss et al., 2014, Coyle, 2014, Sopko et al., 2014, Carter, 2013, Langen et al., 2013, Yin et al., 2013, Gates, 2012, Miller et al., 2012, Abruzzi et al., 2011, Lee et al., 2011, Qian et al., 2011, Shin and Diantonio, 2011, Zhang et al., 2011, Oliva and Sierralta, 2010, Rohrbough and Broadie, 2010, Venken et al., 2009, Berger et al., 2008, Ng, 2008, Pirraglia and Myat, 2008, Baer et al., 2007, Furrer et al., 2007, Hughes et al., 2007, Pirraglia and Myat, 2007, Shcherbata et al., 2007, Ang et al., 2006, Hickson et al., 2006, Nahm et al., 2006, Pielage et al., 2006, Talbot and VanBerkum, 2006, Dulcis and Levine, 2005, Stanyon et al., 2004, Fan et al., 2003)
              Pak1
              (Li et al., 2025, Röper, 2025, Xiong et al., 2025, Hizawa et al., 2024, Buckley and St Johnston, 2022, Rout et al., 2022, Biehler et al., 2021, Fic et al., 2021, Loganathan et al., 2021, Fujisawa et al., 2020, Jossin, 2020, Sidor et al., 2020, Bondar et al., 2018, Toret et al., 2018, Dent et al., 2015, Kamiyama et al., 2015, Parkhurst, 2014.6.11, Parkhurst, 2013.10.2, Puram and Bonni, 2013, Baek et al., 2012, Pirraglia et al., 2010, Pielage et al., 2008, Petit et al., 2002, Tepass et al., 2002)
              dPAK
              (Chen et al., 2019, Metwally et al., 2019, Giagtzoglou et al., 2006)
              dPAK1
              (Burbelo, 2001.7.27, Pirone et al., 2001)
              dPak
              (Wang et al., 2017, Lee and Schwarz, 2016, Swope et al., 2014, Koles et al., 2012, Urwyler et al., 2012, Mosca and Schwarz, 2010, Graf et al., 2009, Rushton et al., 2009, Conder et al., 2007, Rohrbough et al., 2007, Conder et al., 2005, Conder et al., 2005, Conder et al., 2004, Rushton et al., 2003)
              dpak
              (Wang et al., 2016, Bahri et al., 2009, Kumar et al., 2009, Houalla et al., 2005, Ruan et al., 2002, Parnas et al., 2001)
              dpak1
              (Hofmann et al., 2004)
              l(3)psg4
              (Wang et al., 2008)
              p65PAK
              (Harden et al., 1995)
              pak
              (Canales Coutiño et al., 2020, Dent et al., 2019, Al-Ramahi et al., 2018, Richier et al., 2018, Grice et al., 2015, Ihry and Bashirullah, 2014, Haack et al., 2013, Lee and Thomas, 2011, Tjota et al., 2011, Vlachos and Harden, 2011, Bahri et al., 2010, Higuchi et al., 2009, Ng and Luo, 2004, Hing et al., 1999)
              pak1
              (Corrigall et al., 2007, Houalla et al., 2005)
              psg4
              (Ihry and Bashirullah, 2014, Sapiro et al., 2013)
              Name Synonyms
              P21-activated kinase
              (Choi et al., 2010)
              P21-activating kinase
              (Kim et al., 2012)
              PAK kinase
              (Rasse et al., 2005)
              PAK-kinase
              (Hickson et al., 2006)
              Pak kinase
              (Erfurth and Schmucker, 2008)
              Pak1 kinase
              (Rogers et al., 2003, Rogers et al., 2003)
              lethal (3) persistent salivary gland 4
              p-21 activated kinase
              (Fukui et al., 2012, Talbot and VanBerkum, 2006)
              p21 activated kinase
              (Lee and Thomas, 2011, Oliva and Sierralta, 2010)
              p21- activated kinase
              (Crawford et al., 2001)
              p21-activated kinase
              (Richier et al., 2018, Gates, 2012, Sun et al., 2011, Pielage et al., 2008, Pirraglia and Myat, 2008, Hickson et al., 2006, Pielage et al., 2006, Dulcis and Levine, 2005, Hornstein et al., 2003)
              p21-activated serine/threonine kinase
              (Lee et al., 2009)
              p21-associated kinase
              (Ricos et al., 1996)
              Secondary FlyBase IDs
              • FBgn0014001
              • FBgn0037437
              • FBgn0262522
              Datasets (0)
              Study focus (0)
              Experimental Role
              Project
              Project Type
              Title
              Study result (0)
              Result
              Result Type
              Title
              External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 97 )
              Sequence Crossreferences
              NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
              GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
              GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
              RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
              UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
              UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
              UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
              Other crossreferences
              AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
              BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
              DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
              EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
              FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
              InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
              KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
              MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
              Linkouts
              Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
              DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
              Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
              FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
              FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
              Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
              FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
              iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
              Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
              KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
              MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
              MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
              Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
              References (301)