Human Disease Model Report: obesity, susceptibility to (postulated), Hippo signaling pathway

General Information

Name

obesity, susceptibility to (postulated), Hippo signaling pathway

FlyBase ID

FBhh0001417

Disease Ontology Term

obesity

Parent Disease

obesity, susceptibility to (fly models overview)

OMIM

Overview

In a genomic study of variants associated with obesity in humans, variants associated with the human gene DCHS1 were identified. DCHS1 encodes a calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecule. There is a single orthologous gene in Drosophila, ds. Ubiquitous knockdown of ds, effected by RNAi, results in a significant increase in triacylglyceride (TAG) level, measured as the ratio of TAG to protein.

Dmel\ds is known to be a regulator of the Hippo signaling pathway. Additional genes involving in the Hippo signaling pathway were assessed in flies: Dmel\ft (orthologous to human FAT4); Dmel\fj (orthologou to human FJX1); Dmel\hpo (orthologous to human STK3 and STK4); ubiquitous knockdown of each of these genes results in a significant increase in triacylglyceride level. Results support the hypothesis that Hippo pathway activity in the nervous system regulates adiposity in Drosophila.

Using an independent cohort, an additional human gene, TAOK2, was implicated in development of obesity. The Drosophila ortholog, Tao is also a regulator of the Hippo signaling pathway. Ubiquitous knockdown of Tao, effected by RNAi, also results in a significant increase in triacylglyceride level.

A number of the related human genes have been introduced into flies, but have not been assessed in the context of this disease model: Hsap\FAT4, Hsap\STK3, Hsap\STK4, Hsap\TAOK2.

[updated Dec. 2021 by FlyBase; FBrf0222196]

Disease Summary Information

Parent Disease Summary: obesity, susceptibility to (fly models overview)

Symptoms and phenotype

Obesity is an abnormal accumulation of body fat, usually 20% or more over an individual's ideal body weight. Obesity is associated with increased risk of illness, disability, and death. (http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/obesity).

(FlyBase Curators, 2013-)

The development of obesity is recognized as having both genetic and environmental components (https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/203-obesity-genetic-or-environmental).

(FlyBase Curators, 2013-)

Specific Disease Summary: obesity, susceptibility to (postulated), Hippo signaling pathway

OMIM report

Human gene(s) implicated

Symptoms and phenotype

Genetics

Cellular phenotype and pathology

Molecular information

STK3 and STK4 encode serine/threonine protein kinases that are core components of the Hippo signaling pathway. [Gene Cards, STK3, STK4; 2021.12.15]

(FlyBase Curators, 2013-)

TAOK2 encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase that is involved in many different processes. [Gene Cards, TAOK2; 2021.12.15]

(FlyBase Curators, 2013-)

DCHS1 and FAT4 encode calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecules of the cadherin family. [Gene Cards, DCHS1, FAT4; 2021.12.15]

(FlyBase Curators, 2013-)

The FJX1 gene is not well characterized in human. [Gene Cards, FJX1; 2021.12.15] The Drosophila gene fj has been shown to modulate activity of ft and ds (FBrf0205751, FBrf0210769).

(FlyBase Curators, 2013-)

External links

Gene2Function (human gene): STK3
Gene2Function (human gene): STK4
Gene2Function (human gene): TAOK2
Gene2Function (human gene): DCHS1
Gene2Function (human gene): FJX1
Gene2Function (human gene): FAT3
Gene Cards: STK3
Gene Cards: STK4
Gene Cards: TAOK2
Gene Cards: DCHS1
Gene Cards: FJX1
Gene Cards: FAT3
MedlinePlus (gene): DCHS1
MedlinePlus (gene): TAOK2
MedlinePlus (gene): FJX1
MedlinePlus (gene): STK3
MedlinePlus (gene): STK4
MedlinePlus (gene): FAT3
MARRVEL (human gene): STK3
MARRVEL (human gene): STK4
MARRVEL (human gene): TAOK2
MARRVEL (human gene): DCHS1
MARRVEL (human gene): FJX1
MARRVEL (human gene): FAT3
NCBI (Entrez) gene: DCHS1; dachsous cadherin-related 1
NCBI (Entrez) gene: TAOK2; TAO kinase 2
NCBI (Entrez) gene: FJX1; four-jointed box kinase 1
NCBI (Entrez) gene: STK3; serine/threonine kinase 3
NCBI (Entrez) gene: STK4; serine/threonine kinase 4
NCBI (Entrez) gene: FAT3; FAT atypical cadherin 3

Disease synonyms

Related Diseases

Related human health report(s)

obesity, susceptibility to (fly models overview)

Related Specific Diseases

OMIM phenotypic series

Disease

Associated Human gene(s)

Drosophila model

Human transgene in Drosophila

Ortholog Information

Human gene(s) in FlyBase

Human gene (HGNC)

Symbol / Name

DCHS1; dachsous cadherin-related 1

D. melanogaster ortholog (based on DIOPT)

Dmel\ds

(DIOPT, 2013-)

Comments on ortholog(s)

Many to one: 2 human genes to 1 Drosophila gene.

Human gene (HGNC)

Symbol / Name

FAT3; FAT atypical cadherin 3

D. melanogaster ortholog (based on DIOPT)

Dmel\ft

(DIOPT, 2013-)

Comments on ortholog(s)

One to one: 1 human gene to 1 Drosophila gene.

Human gene (HGNC)

Symbol / Name

FJX1; four-jointed box kinase 1

D. melanogaster ortholog (based on DIOPT)

Dmel\fj

(DIOPT, 2013-)

Comments on ortholog(s)

One to one: 1 human gene to 1 Drosophila gene.

Human gene (HGNC)

Symbol / Name

STK3; serine/threonine kinase 3

D. melanogaster ortholog (based on DIOPT)

Dmel\hpo

(DIOPT, 2013-)

Comments on ortholog(s)

Many to one: 2 human genes to 1 Drosophila gene

Human gene (HGNC)

Symbol / Name

STK4; serine/threonine kinase 4

D. melanogaster ortholog (based on DIOPT)

Dmel\hpo

(DIOPT, 2013-)

Comments on ortholog(s)

Many to one: 2 human genes to 1 Drosophila gene.

Human gene (HGNC)

Symbol / Name

TAOK2; TAO kinase 2

D. melanogaster ortholog (based on DIOPT)

Dmel\Tao

(DIOPT, 2013-)

Comments on ortholog(s)

Many to one: 3 human genes to 1 Drosophila gene.

Other mammalian ortholog(s) used

D. melanogaster Gene Information (5)

Dmel\ds

Gene Snapshot

Contributions welcome

Molecular function (GO)

Cellular component (GO)

Gene Groups / Pathways

Comments on ortholog(s)

High-scoring ortholog of human DCHS1; moderate-scoring ortholog of DCHS2.

Orthologs and Alignments from DRSC

DIOPT - DRSC Integrative Ortholog Prediction Tool - Click the link below to search for orthologs in Humans

H. sapiens (Human)

Dmel\ft

Gene Snapshot

fat (ft) is a tumor suppressor gene that encodes a large cadherin family transmembrane protein. It functions in the Hippo signaling pathway (as a receptor) and the Dachsous-Fat planar cell polarity pathway (as a transmembrane component). [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07]

Molecular function (GO)

Cellular component (GO)

Gene Groups / Pathways

CDH
SWH-P

Comments on ortholog(s)

High-scoring ortholog of human FAT4.

Orthologs and Alignments from DRSC

DIOPT - DRSC Integrative Ortholog Prediction Tool - Click the link below to search for orthologs in Humans

H. sapiens (Human)

Dmel\fj

Gene Snapshot

four-jointed (fj) encodes a type II transmembrane kinase. Through phosphorylation of the atypical cadherins encoded by ft and ds, it regulates control of planar polarity in epithelia and also growth via the Hippo/Warts pathway. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07]

Molecular function (GO)

Cellular component (GO)

Gene Groups / Pathways

A-PK

Comments on ortholog(s)

High-scoring ortholog of human FJX1.

Orthologs and Alignments from DRSC

DIOPT - DRSC Integrative Ortholog Prediction Tool - Click the link below to search for orthologs in Humans

H. sapiens (Human)

Dmel\hpo

Gene Snapshot

hippo (hpo) encodes a kinase in the Salvador-Warts-Hippo pathway. It controls tissue growth by controlling cell growth, proliferation and apoptosis. It has several roles in post-mitotic cells including fate specification of photoreceptors and tiling of dendritic neurons. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07]

Molecular function (GO)

Cellular component (GO)

Gene Groups / Pathways

GCK
SWH-C

Comments on ortholog(s)

High-scoring ortholog of human STK3 and STK4.

Orthologs and Alignments from DRSC

DIOPT - DRSC Integrative Ortholog Prediction Tool - Click the link below to search for orthologs in Humans

H. sapiens (Human)

Dmel\Tao

Gene Snapshot

Tao (Tao) encodes a Ser/Thr kinase belonging to the Mst/Ste20 family. It is implicated in the Hippo and PAR-1 pathways. It contributes to restriction of tissue growth during development, regulation of microtubule dynamics, neuronal polarity, neural development, ethanol-stimulated behavioral response, and apoptosis. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]

Molecular function (GO)

Cellular component (GO)

Gene Groups / Pathways

Comments on ortholog(s)

Moderate- to high-scoring ortholog of human TAOK1, TAOK2, TAOK3.

Orthologs and Alignments from DRSC

DIOPT - DRSC Integrative Ortholog Prediction Tool - Click the link below to search for orthologs in Humans

H. sapiens (Human)

Other Genes Used: Viral, Bacterial, Synthetic (0)

Summary of Physical Interactions (130 groups)

protein-protein

Interacting group

Assay

References

colocalization, fluorescence microscopy, inferred by author

(Matakatsu and Fehon, 2024)

ds - app

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, colocalization, fluorescence microscopy, inferred by author

(Matakatsu and Fehon, 2024)

ds - CG9581

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

ds - CG32109

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

ds - cindr

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

ds - dachs

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Tripathi and Irvine, 2024, Bosveld et al., 2012)

ds - Dlish

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, colocalization, fluorescence microscopy, inferred by author, anti tag western blot

(Matakatsu and Fehon, 2024, Misra and Irvine, 2016, Zhang et al., 2016)

ds - fj

enzymatic study, autoradiography, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Brittle et al., 2010, Ishikawa et al., 2008)

ds - ft

affinity technology, enzymatic reaction, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, inferred by author, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, colocalization, fluorescence microscopy, bead aggregation assay

(Matakatsu and Fehon, 2024, Tripathi and Irvine, 2024, Brittle et al., 2010, Simon et al., 2010, Matakatsu and Blair, 2004)

ds - hpo

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, anti tag western blot

(Kwon et al., 2013, Kwon et al., 2013)

ds - Inos

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

ds - Ipo9

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

ds - l(1)G0289

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

ds - lft

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Tripathi and Irvine, 2024, Mao et al., 2009)

ds - Mpcp2

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

ds - Mtpα

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

ds - Mtpβ

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, anti tag western blot

(Kwon et al., 2013, Kwon et al., 2013)

ds - Myo31DF

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag western blot

(González-Morales et al., 2015)

ds - Nfs1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

ds - pk

coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Tripathi and Irvine, 2024, Ambegaonkar and Irvine, 2015, Ayukawa et al., 2014)

ds - SERCA

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

ds - SkpA

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

ds - slmb

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, anti tag western blot

(Kwon et al., 2013, Kwon et al., 2013)

ds - UQCR-C2

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

ds - wap

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, peptide massfingerprinting

(Degoutin et al., 2013)

protein-protein

Interacting group

Assay

References

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, western blot

(Sopko et al., 2009)

ft - Aldo

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

ft - AP-1-2β

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013, Kwon et al., 2013)

ft - AP-2α

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, anti tag western blot

(Kwon et al., 2013, Kwon et al., 2013)

ft - app

colocalization, fluorescence microscopy, inferred by author, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Matakatsu and Fehon, 2024, Matakatsu et al., 2017)

ft - ATPsynC

two hybrid, pull down, anti tag western blot

(Sing et al., 2014)

ft - Bub3

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

ft - capt

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

ft - CG3226

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

ft - CG3760

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

ft - CG5174

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

ft - cora

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

ft - Cortactin

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

ft - cPges

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

ft - Ctf4

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

ft - dco

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Pan et al., 2013, Feng and Irvine, 2009, Sopko et al., 2009)

ft - Dlish

pull down, anti tag western blot, colocalization, fluorescence microscopy, inferred by author, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Matakatsu and Fehon, 2024, Fulford et al., 2023, Misra and Irvine, 2016, Zhang et al., 2016)

ft - Dp1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

ft - ds

(Matakatsu and Fehon, 2024, Tripathi and Irvine, 2024, Brittle et al., 2010, Simon et al., 2010, Matakatsu and Blair, 2004)

ft - eIF4G1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

ft - ena

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

ft - ex

pull down, anti tag western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, proximity ligation assay, fluorescence microscopy

(Fulford et al., 2023)

ft - faf

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Dawson et al., 2025)

ft - Fbxl7

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Bosch et al., 2014)

ft - Fim

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

ft - fj

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, enzymatic study, autoradiography

(Brittle et al., 2010, Ishikawa et al., 2008)

ft - Gug

pull down, anti tag western blot, two hybrid

(Sing et al., 2014, Fanto et al., 2003)

ft - Hem

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

ft - Hrs

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013, Kwon et al., 2013)

ft - Inos

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

ft - Larp4B

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

ft - Lasp

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

ft - lft

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Mao et al., 2009)

ft - mats

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

ft - msn

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

ft - Mtpα

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

ft - Mtpβ

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, anti tag western blot

(Kwon et al., 2013, Kwon et al., 2013)

ft - ND-24

two hybrid, pull down, anti tag western blot

(Sing et al., 2014)

ft - Nup50

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

ft - Nup358

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

ft - PIP4K

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

ft - pnut

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

ft - Prp19

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

ft - RanGAP

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

ft - RnrS

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

ft - Sec13

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, anti tag western blot

(Kwon et al., 2013, Kwon et al., 2013)

ft - Sec31

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013, Kwon et al., 2013)

ft - Septin2

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, anti tag western blot

(Kwon et al., 2013, Kwon et al., 2013)

ft - shi

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

ft - Su(var)3-9

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

ft - TER94

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

ft - UQCR-C1

two hybrid

(Sing et al., 2014)

ft - Vap33

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

protein-protein

Interacting group

Assay

References

enzymatic study, autoradiography

(Ishikawa et al., 2008)

fj - Ars2

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

fj - Cam

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

fj - CG11999

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

fj - ds

enzymatic study, autoradiography, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Brittle et al., 2010, Ishikawa et al., 2008)

fj - ft

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, enzymatic study, autoradiography

(Brittle et al., 2010, Ishikawa et al., 2008)

fj - kcc

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

fj - Klp61F

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013, Kwon et al., 2013)

fj - LysRS

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

fj - Mtpα

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

fj - Myo61F

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

fj - Ref1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

fj - SERCA

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

fj - Wnt4

pull down, anti tag western blot

(Lim et al., 2005)

hpo

protein-protein

Interacting group

Assay

References

hpo

mass spectrometry studies of complexes, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, fluorescence microscopy, pull down, anti tag western blot, enzymatic study, autoradiography, molecular weight estimation by staining, two hybrid, fluorescent resonance energy transfer, protein complementation assay

(Bonello et al., 2023, Cairns et al., 2020, Deng et al., 2013, Wehr et al., 2013, Jin et al., 2012, Colombani et al., 2006, Pantalacci et al., 2003, Udan et al., 2003, Wu et al., 2003)

hpo - Arf1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, peptide massfingerprinting, proximity ligation assay, fluorescence microscopy

(Portela et al., 2024, Kwon et al., 2013, Kwon et al., 2013)

hpo - CCT2

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

hpo - ci

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Li et al., 2015)

hpo - Cka

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, anti tag western blot, western blot

(Zheng et al., 2017, Ribeiro et al., 2010)

hpo - CYLD

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Chen et al., 2014)

hpo - Dap160

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

hpo - Diap1

enzymatic study, autoradiography

(Harvey et al., 2003, Pantalacci et al., 2003)

hpo - ds

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, anti tag western blot

(Kwon et al., 2013, Kwon et al., 2013)

hpo - ed

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Yue et al., 2012)

hpo - EMC1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag western blot

(Shi et al., 2023)

hpo - EMC3

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Shi et al., 2023)

hpo - Eps-15

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

hpo - ex

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, two hybrid

(Reddy and Irvine, 2011, Yu et al., 2010)

hpo - Fgop2

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, peptide massfingerprinting

(Zheng et al., 2017, Ribeiro et al., 2010)

hpo - Git

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, peptide massfingerprinting

(Dent et al., 2015)

hpo - Herc4

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Aerne et al., 2015)

hpo - kibra

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Yu et al., 2010)

hpo - mats

pull down, western blot, enzymatic study, autoradiography

(Zheng et al., 2017, Zheng et al., 2015, Jin et al., 2012)

hpo - mEFTu1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

hpo - Mer

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Reddy and Irvine, 2011)

hpo - Mob4

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Ribeiro et al., 2010)

hpo - mts

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, peptide massfingerprinting

(Gil-Ranedo et al., 2019, Zheng et al., 2017, Ribeiro et al., 2010)

hpo - par-1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Huang et al., 2013)

hpo - Pp2A-29B

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Ribeiro et al., 2010)

hpo - Ran

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

hpo - Rap1

enzymatic study, western blot, pull down, anti tag western blot

(Chang et al., 2018)

hpo - Rassf

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, anti tag western blot, mass spectrometry studies of complexes, pull down, molecular weight estimation by staining

(Cairns et al., 2020, Dent et al., 2015, Kwon et al., 2013, Jin et al., 2012, Ribeiro et al., 2010, Polesello et al., 2006)

hpo - RpS18

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

hpo - RtGEF

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, peptide massfingerprinting

(Dent et al., 2015)

hpo - sav

tandem affinity purification, molecular sieving, molecular weight estimation by staining, two hybrid, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, peptide massfingerprinting, pull down, western blot, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, fluorescence microscopy, x-ray crystallography, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, autoradiography, mass spectrometry studies of complexes, enzymatic study, protein cross-linking with a bifunctional reagent, molecular weight, coimmunoprecipitation

hpo - SERCA

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

hpo - Slmap

experimental knowledge based, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, pull down, western blot

(Zheng et al., 2017, Guruharsha et al., 2011)

hpo - slmb

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Tokamov et al., 2021)

hpo - Strip

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, peptide massfingerprinting

(Sakuma et al., 2016, Ribeiro et al., 2010)

hpo - Tao

protein kinase assay, anti tag western blot

(Boggiano et al., 2011)

hpo - trc

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, enzymatic study, autoradiography, anti tag western blot

(Emoto et al., 2006)

hpo - Vap33

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Portela et al., 2024)

hpo - wts

enzymatic study, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, autoradiography

(Li et al., 2015, Zheng et al., 2015, Yin et al., 2013, Oh et al., 2009, Emoto et al., 2006, Jia et al., 2003, Pantalacci et al., 2003, Wu et al., 2003)

hpo - yki

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, anti tag western blot

(Srivastava et al., 2021, Dent et al., 2015, Oh et al., 2009)

Tao

protein-protein

Interacting group

Assay

References

Tao - GckIII

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, enzymatic study, western blot

(Poon et al., 2018)

Tao - hpo

protein kinase assay, anti tag western blot

(Boggiano et al., 2011)

Tao - msn

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, enzymatic study, western blot

(Li et al., 2018)

Alleles Reported to Model Human Disease (Disease Ontology) (34 alleles)

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

ds^HMS00759

model of obesity

CEA

(Agrawal et al., 2021)

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 7 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

ft⁸

model of neurodegenerative disease

CEA

(Napoletano et al., 2011)

ft^k07918

model of carcinoma

CEA

(Garoia et al., 2005)

ft^HMS00932

model of Van Maldergem syndrome 2

CEC

(Nakamura et al., 2017)

ft^KK101190

model of Van Maldergem syndrome 2

CEC

(Nakamura et al., 2017)

ft^{RNAi.UAS.012.1}

model of adenoid cystic carcinoma

CEA with Hsap\MYB^ΔC.UAS, N^UAS.cMa, Xpd^{RNAi.UAS.012.1}, kug^{RNAi.UAS.012.1}

(Bangi et al., 2021)

ft^{RNAi.UAS.012.2}

model of adenoid cystic carcinoma

CEA with Hsap\MYB^ΔC.UAS, N^UAS.cMa, Xpd^{RNAi.UAS.012.2}, kug^{RNAi.UAS.012.2}

(Bangi et al., 2021)

ft^RNAi.UAS.cUa

model of obesity

CEA

(Agrawal et al., 2021)

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 3 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

ft⁸

exacerbates dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy

modeled by Gug^75QN.UAS

(Napoletano et al., 2011)

model of neurodegenerative disease

is ameliorated by dachs^GC13

(Napoletano et al., 2011)

is ameliorated by yki^UAS.cHa

(Napoletano et al., 2011)

is ameliorated by yki^B5

(Napoletano et al., 2011)

ft^G-rv

exacerbates dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy

modeled by Gug^75QN.UAS

(Napoletano et al., 2011)

model of carcinoma

is exacerbated by Raf^UAS.F179

(Garoia et al., 2005)

is exacerbated by rho^UAS.cdCa

(Garoia et al., 2005)

ft^k07918

model of carcinoma

is exacerbated by Raf^UAS.F179

(Garoia et al., 2005)

is exacerbated by rho^UAS.cdCa

(Garoia et al., 2005)

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

fj^RNAi.UAS.cUa

model of obesity

CEA

(Agrawal et al., 2021)

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

hpo

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 5 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

hpo^KK101704

model of carcinoma

CEA

(Kong et al., 2022)

model of cancer

CEA

(Guo et al., 2020)

hpo^3D

model of carcinoma

CEA

(Pérez et al., 2015)

hpo^42-47

model of cancer

CEA

(Hamaratoglu et al., 2006)

hpo^BF33

model of neurodegenerative disease

CEA

(Napoletano et al., 2011)

hpo^RNAi.UAS.cUa

model of obesity

CEA

(Agrawal et al., 2021)

model of cancer

CEA

(Jang et al., 2017)

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 11 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

hpo^KK101704

model of carcinoma

is ameliorated by Toll-6^ACT.UAS.Flag

(Kong et al., 2022)

model of cancer

is ameliorated by Rox8^EY02351

(Guo et al., 2020)

hpo^G3315

ameliorates amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 8

modeled by Vap33^{P58S.UAS.Tag:FLAG}

(Sanhueza et al., 2015)

hpo^KS240

ameliorates amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 6

modeled by caz^RNAi.UAS.cUa

(Azuma et al., 2018)

exacerbates autism spectrum disorder

modeled by Abca3^GD3708

(Ueoka et al., 2020)

ameliorates neurodegenerative disease

modeled by FIG4^KK102943

(Kushimura et al., 2018)

hpo^GD1570

ameliorates amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 6

modeled by caz^RNAi.UAS.cUa

(Azuma et al., 2018)

hpo^3D

model of carcinoma

is exacerbated by yki^UAS.cHa

(Pérez et al., 2015)

is ameliorated by Atg1^UAS.cSa

(Pérez et al., 2015)

exacerbates carcinoma

modeled by Vps25^N55

(Herz et al., 2006)

hpo^42-47

ameliorates gastrointestinal adenoma

modeled by Apc^Q8, Apc2^g10

(Suijkerbuijk et al., 2016)

hpo^UAS.cUa

exacerbates Alzheimer's disease 1

modeled by Hsap\APP^{Aβ42.UAS.cUa}

(Irwin et al., 2020)

hpo^RNAi.UAS.cPa

ameliorates Alzheimer's disease 1

modeled by Hsap\APP^{Aβ42.UAS.cUa}

(Irwin et al., 2020)

hpo^KC202

ameliorates amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 6

modeled by caz^RNAi.UAS.cUa

(Azuma et al., 2018)

exacerbates autism spectrum disorder

modeled by Abca3^GD3708

(Ueoka et al., 2020)

ameliorates neurodegenerative disease

modeled by FIG4^KK102943

(Kushimura et al., 2018)

hpo^JF02740

ameliorates amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 8

modeled by Vap33^{P58S.UAS.Tag:FLAG}

(Sanhueza et al., 2015)

hpo^RNAi.UAS.cUa

exacerbates cancer

modeled by scrib^GD11666

(Ding et al., 2021)

modeled by Tao^RNAi.UAS.cUa

(Jang et al., 2017)

model of cancer

is exacerbated by trio^UAS.cUa

(Jang et al., 2017)

Hsap\TAOK2

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 3 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Hsap\TAOK2^{UAS.Tag:FLAG,Tag:polyHis}

ameliorates autism spectrum disorder

modeled by Tao^GL00015

(Hu et al., 2020, Tenedini et al., 2019)

Hsap\TAOK2^{A135P.UAS.Tag:FLAG,Tag:polyHis}

ameliorates autism spectrum disorder

modeled by Tao^GL00015

(Tenedini et al., 2019)

Hsap\TAOK2^{A335V.UAS.Tag:FLAG}

ameliorates autism spectrum disorder

modeled by Tao^GL00015

(Hu et al., 2020)

Tao

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 7 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Tao^eta

model of autism spectrum disorder

CEA

(Hu et al., 2020)

Tao^UAS.Tag:HA

model of autism spectrum disorder

CEA

(Hu et al., 2020)

Tao^GL00015

model of autism spectrum disorder

CEA

(Hu et al., 2020, Tenedini et al., 2019)

Tao^GD8262

model of chromosome 16p11.2 deletion syndrome, 593-kb

CEA

(Iyer et al., 2018)

model of central nervous system disease

CEC

(Dulovic-Mahlow et al., 2019)

Tao^KK108458

model of central nervous system disease

CEC

(Dulovic-Mahlow et al., 2019)

Tao^{Δ423-900.UAS.Tag:V5}

model of autism spectrum disorder

CEA

(Hu et al., 2020)

Tao^RNAi.UAS.cUa

model of cancer

CEA

(Jang et al., 2017)

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 4 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Tao^EP1455

exacerbates tauopathy

modeled by Hsap\MAPT^V337M.UAS

(Shulman and Feany, 2003)

Tao^GL00015

exacerbates cancer

modeled by HPV18\E6^UAS.Tag:MYC, Hsap\UBE3A^UAS.cRa

(Collins et al., 2023)

model of autism spectrum disorder

is ameliorated by Hsap\TAOK2^{A135P.UAS.Tag:FLAG,Tag:polyHis}

(Tenedini et al., 2019)

is ameliorated by Hsap\TAOK2^{UAS.Tag:FLAG,Tag:polyHis}

(Hu et al., 2020, Tenedini et al., 2019)

is ameliorated by Hsap\TAOK2^{A335V.UAS.Tag:FLAG}

(Hu et al., 2020)

Tao^HMS02333

exacerbates cancer

modeled by HPV18\E6^UAS.Tag:MYC, Hsap\UBE3A^UAS.cRa

(Collins et al., 2023)

Tao^RNAi.UAS.cUa

model of cancer

is exacerbated by hpo^RNAi.UAS.cUa

(Jang et al., 2017)

is exacerbated by lz^r1

(Jang et al., 2017)

is exacerbated by trio^UAS.cUa

(Jang et al., 2017)

is exacerbated by wts^RNAi.UAS.cUa

(Jang et al., 2017)

is exacerbated by hpo^RNAi.UAS.cUa

(Jang et al., 2017)

is exacerbated by wts^RNAi.UAS.cUa

(Jang et al., 2017)

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Genetic Tools, Stocks and Reagents

Sources of Stocks

Contact lab of origin for a reagent not available from a public stock center.

Bloomington Stock Center Disease Page

Related mammalian, viral, bacterial, or synthetic transgenes

Allele

Transgene

Publicly Available Stocks

Hsap\TAOK2^{UAS.Tag:FLAG,Tag:polyHis}

P{UAS-hTAOK2.WT}

Hsap\TAOK2^{A135P.UAS.Tag:FLAG,Tag:polyHis}

P{UAS-hTAOK2.A135P}

Hsap\TAOK2^{A335V.UAS.Tag:FLAG}

P{UAS-hTAOK2.A335V.FLAG}

Hsap\TAOK2^{P1022term.UAS.Tag:FLAG}

P{UAS-hTAOK2.P1022term.FLAG}

Selected Drosophila transgenes

Allele

Transgene

Publicly Available Stocks

Tao^{Δ423-900.UAS.Tag:V5}

P{UAS-Tao.Delta423-900.V5}

Tao^UAS.Tag:HA

P{UASp-HA-Tao}

w^*; P{UASp-HA-Tao}2; Sb¹/TM3, Ser¹

hpo^UAS.cUa

P{UAS-hpo.U}

RNAi constructs available

Allele

Transgene

Publicly Available Stocks

Tao^{RNAi.UAS.L-5UTR}

P{UAS-Tao.RNAi.L-5UTR}

Tao^{RNAi.UAS.L-kin}

P{UAS-Tao.RNAi.L-kin}

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD8262}v17432

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.JF01803}attP2

Tao^GL00015

P{TRiP.GL00015}

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.GL00015}attP2

Tao^HMS01226

P{TRiP.HMS01226}

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.HMS01226}attP2

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.HMS02333}attP40

Tao^RNAi.UAS.cHa

P{UAS-Tao.RNAi.H}

ft^{RNAi.UAS.012.1}

P{UAS-MYBDeltaC,UAS-3sh(Xpd,ft,kug).012.1}

ft^{RNAi.UAS.012.2}

P{UAS-MYBDeltaC,UAS-3sh(Xpd,ft,kug).012.2}

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.JF03245}attP2

ft^HMS00932

P{TRiP.HMS00932}

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.HMS00932}attP2

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD430}v6774/TM3

fj^JF02843

P{TRiP.JF02843}

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.JF02843}attP2/TM3, Sb¹

fj^HMS01310

P{TRiP.HMS01310}

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.HMS01310}attP2

fj^HMS05006

P{TRiP.HMS05006}

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.HMS05006}attP40

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD1570}v7823

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.JF02740}attP2

hpo^HMS00006

P{TRiP.HMS00006}

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.HMS00006}attP2

hpo^GL00046

P{TRiP.GL00046}

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.GL00046}attP2

ds^GD2646

P{GD2646}

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD2646}v4313/TM3

ds^GD14350

P{GD14350}

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD14350}v36219

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.JF02842}attP2

ds^HMS00759

P{TRiP.HMS00759}

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.HMS00759}attP2

ds^RNAi.UAS.cUa

P{UAS-ds.RNAi.U}

Selected Drosophila classical alleles

Allele

Allele class

Mutagen

Publicly Available Stocks

Tao^EP1455

P-element activity

w¹¹¹⁸ P{EP}EP1455 Tao^eta P{neoFRT}19A/FM6

Tao^eta

loss of function allele

ethyl methanesulfonate

ft^C4938S

loss of function allele

CRISPR/Cas9

ft^C4987S

loss of function allele

CRISPR/Cas9

ft^2CS

loss of function allele

CRISPR/Cas9

ft^G-rv

loss of function allele

spontaneous

ft^G-rv/SM5

ft^k07918

P-element activity

y^d2 w¹¹¹⁸ P{ey-FLP.N}2 P{5xglBS-lacZ.38-1}TPN1; P{lacW}Glyp^k07918 ft^k07918 P{neoFRT}40A/CyO y⁺

ft⁸

loss of function allele

PM hybrid dysgenesis

y¹ w^*; ft⁸ dpy^ovN or¹/In(2L)Cy, In(2R)Cy, amos^Roi-1 cn² bw¹ or¹ speck²

fj²

amorphic allele - genetic evidence

Delta2-3 transposase

fj^d1

loss of function allele

Delta2-3 transposase

w¹¹¹⁸; fj^d1/CyO

hpo^N.1.2

loss of function allele

ethyl methanesulfonate

hpo^BF33

loss of function allele

ethyl methanesulfonate

w^*; P{neoFRT}42D hpo^BF33/CyO

hpo^42-47

loss of function allele

X ray

hpo^KC202

loss of function allele

ethyl methanesulfonate

y^d2 w¹¹¹⁸ P{ey-FLP.N}2; P{neoFRT}42D hpo^KC202/CyO, P{GAL4-Kr.C}DC3, P{UAS-GFP.S65T}DC7

hpo^KC203

loss of function allele

ethyl methanesulfonate

hpo^KC221

loss of function allele

ethyl methanesulfonate

hpo^KS240

loss of function allele

ethyl methanesulfonate

P{hsFLP}12, y¹ w^*; P{neoFRT}42D hpo^KS240/CyO

hpo^MGH4

loss of function allele

hpo^3D

hpo^G3315

P-element activity

y¹ w^*; P{EP}hpo^G3315

ds^ΔEx12

loss of function allele

CRISPR/Cas9

ds^33k

loss of function allele

X ray

dpy^ov1 wg^l-14+RC6 cn¹ bw¹ / SM5, al² ds^33k Duox^Cy lt^v cn² speck²

ds⁵⁵

loss of function allele

X ray

ds^UAO71

loss of function allele

ethyl methanesulfonate

w^*; ds^UAO71 P{neoFRT}40A/T(2;3)SM6a-TM6B, Tb¹

ds^D4

loss of function allele

X ray

References (3)

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