FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\fj
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\fj
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
four-jointed
Annotation Symbol
CG10917
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0000658
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
20 publicly available
Enzyme Name (EC)
Gene Summary
four-jointed (fj) encodes a type II transmembrane kinase. Through phosphorylation of the atypical cadherins encoded by ft and ds, it regulates control of planar polarity in epithelia and also growth via the Hippo/Warts pathway. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
55C1-55C1
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-85
RefSeq locus
NT_033778 REGION:18232761..18236311
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (15 terms)
Molecular Function (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity
inferred from direct assay
(Ishikawa et al., 2008)
enables Wnt-protein binding
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Wnt4; FB:FBgn0010453
(Lim et al., 2005)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000322156
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Biological Process (11 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (11 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in cell-cell signaling
inferred from expression pattern
(Brodsky and Steller, 1996)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Brodsky and Steller, 1996)
inferred from direct assay
(Villano and Katz, 1995)
involved_in establishment of imaginal disc-derived wing hair orientation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Hogan et al., 2011)
involved_in establishment of ommatidial planar polarity
inferred from mutant phenotype with UniProtKB:Q24292
(Simon, 2004)
involved_in establishment of planar polarity
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Wnt4; FB:FBgn0010453
(Lim et al., 2005)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Bosveld et al., 2012)
involved_in imaginal disc growth
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Villano and Katz, 1995)
involved_in imaginal disc-derived leg joint morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Buckles et al., 2001)
involved_in imaginal disc-derived wing vein specification
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Zeidler et al., 2000)
involved_in protein phosphorylation
inferred from direct assay
(Simon et al., 2010)
involved_in regulation of establishment of planar polarity
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Ma et al., 2003)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:ds; FB:FBgn0284247
(Casal et al., 2006)
involved_in regulation of protein binding
inferred from direct assay
(Simon et al., 2010)
involved_in regulation of tube length, open tracheal system
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Chung et al., 2009)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in cell-cell signaling
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000322156
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Cellular Component (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Sarov et al., 2016)
located_in plasma membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Villano and Katz, 1995)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the FJX1/FJ family. (P54360)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)
protein serine/threonine kinase activity
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
four-jointed (fj) encodes a type II transmembrane kinase. Through phosphorylation of the atypical cadherins encoded by ft and ds, it regulates control of planar polarity in epithelia and also growth via the Hippo/Warts pathway. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
ATYPICAL PROTEIN KINASES -
Atypical kinases are protein kinases or putative protein kinases that do not share clear sequence similarity with conventional eukaryotic protein kinases, but they or their orthologs have been shown experimentally to have protein kinase activity. Atypical kinases are defined in FBrf0201870.
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Golgi serine/threonine protein kinase required for intermediate growth in the proximal-distal axis. Phosphorylates specific residues within extracellular cadherin domains of Fat (ft) and Dachsous (ds) as they transit through the Golgi (PubMed:18635802). Acts in ommatidial polarity determination as a secondary signal downstream of Notch, JAK/STAT and wingless. Also necessary for the initiation, up-regulation or maintenance of Notch ligand, Serrate (Ser) expression in legs, thereby participating in a feedback loop with N signaling. Sufficient for joint formation and growth in the leg (PubMed:10607560, PubMed:11566858, PubMed:14757640, PubMed:7555705, PubMed:8606003).
(UniProt, P54360)
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
fj: four jointed
thumb
fj: four jointed
Edith M. Wallace, unpublished.
Similar to d. Tarsi four instead of five jointed. Legs short and stocky, owing to failure of joint formation between second and third tarsal segments (Tokunaga and Gerhart, 1976, Genetics 83: s76). Femur, tibia, and tarsae foreshortened [Tokunaga and Gerhart, 1976; Mikuta, 1979, Genetika (Moscow) 15: 624-32]. Probability of joint failure proportional to degree of shortening of second tarsal segment (Tokunaga and Gerhart, 1976). Joint failure phenotype can extend into fj/+ tissue adjacent to fj/fj clones (Tokunaga and Gerhart, 1976). Leg chaetae show irregularities in the relative orientation of sockets and bracts (Held, Duarte, and Derakhshanian, 1986, Wilhelm Roux's Arch. Dev. Biol. 195: 145-57). Enhanced by ssa and ssaB [Villee, 1945, Genetics 30: 26-27; Mglinetz and Ivanov, 1976, Genetika (Moscow) 12: 87-94] and by pb [Kaurov, Ivanov, and Mglinetz, 1978, Genetika (Moscow) 14: 306-12]; also influenced by AntpNs (Mikuta and Mglinetz). fj eyD flies have but three tarsal joints (Postlethwait and Schneiderman, 1975, Ann. Rev. Genet. 7: 381-433). Development similar to that of dachs [Waddington, 1943, J. Genet. 45: 29-43 (fig.)]. Wings shorter and broader with crossveins conspicuously closer together; veins diverge at greater angle (Tokunaga, Michinomae, Sizemore, and Gerhart, 1978, Genetics 88: s98). Effect visible in pupal wing (Waddington, 1940, J. Genet. 41: 75-139). Eyes smaller, ellipsoid, coarse textured; head foreshortened. RK2.
Summary (Interactive Fly)

transmembrane protein kinase that targets Fat and its transmembrane ligand Dachsous - conveys positional information in the leg and eye - regulates control of planar polarity in epithelia and also growth via the Hippo/Warts pathway

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\fj for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry P54360)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.50

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
fj-RA
FBtr0086754
NM_058135
3551
583
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

3.5 (northern blot)

(Brodsky and Steller, 1996)

3.7 (northern blot)

(Villano and Katz, 1995)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
fj-PA
FBpp0085933
65.5
583
8.74
P54360
NP_477483
AAF57724
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

583 (aa)

(Brodsky and Steller, 1996)

583 (aa); 66 (kD predicted)

(Villano and Katz, 1995)
Comments

Rabbit antibody raised against amino acids 485-583. Rat antibody raised against amino acids 111-433.

(Strutt et al., 2004)
External Data
Post Translational Modification

Proteolytically cleaved to yield a secreted protein.

(UniProt, P54360)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\fj using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.45

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 4 -- 6
central brain anlage in statu nascendi
(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal ectoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
mesoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral ectoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
yolk nucleus
(Fisher et al., 2012)
antennal anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 7 -- 8
amnioserosa anlage
(Fisher et al., 2012)
antennal anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal ectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral ectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
amnioserosa
(Fisher et al., 2012)
amnioserosa primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
antennal primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
lateral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal ectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
foregut primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
amnioserosa
(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal epidermis primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal imaginal tissue

Comment: reported as dorsal imaginal precursor specific anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic optic lobe primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
gnathal primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
hindgut proper primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
posterior spiracle primordium

Comment: reported as posterior spiracle specific anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
tracheal primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral apodeme anlage
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral epidermis primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral imaginal tissue

Comment: reported as ventral imaginal precursor specific anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral sensory complex anlage
(Fisher et al., 2012)
visceral tracheal branch primordium

Comment: reported as visceral branch specific anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
amnioserosa
(Fisher et al., 2012)
larval foregut atrium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic anal pad
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic dorsal epidermis
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic epipharynx
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic foregut
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic head epidermis
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic hindgut
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic hypopharynx
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic proventriculus intermediate layer
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic small intestine
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic ventral apodeme
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic ventral epidermis
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval posterior spiracle
(Fisher et al., 2012)
third instar larval stage
eye-antennal disc | gradient
(Brodsky and Steller, 1996)
leg disc | restricted
(Villano and Katz, 1995)
leg disc
(Brodsky and Steller, 1996)
larval outer optic anlage
(Villano and Katz, 1995)
eye-antennal disc | restricted
(Villano and Katz, 1995)
lamina
(Brodsky and Steller, 1996)
wing disc | restricted
(Villano and Katz, 1995)
wing disc
(Brodsky and Steller, 1996)
pupal stage
leg disc | restricted
(Villano and Katz, 1995)
tibia
(Villano and Katz, 1995)
Additional Descriptive Data

fj transcripts are expressed at the highest level near the equator of the wing disc, are lower in intermediate regions, and are lowest near the dorsal and ventral poles. In the larval brain, they are expressed in laminar neuronal precursor cells and are again present in a gradient. In the wing disc, fj transcripts are expressed in a large central region including the wing pouch and in the leg disc, they are found in two concentric circles.

(Brodsky and Steller, 1996)

The fj transcript expression pattern closely resembles the enhancer trap staining pattern. Transcripts are expressed in concentric circles in leg discs from third instar larvae. At 4-6hrs after puparium formation, the disc has everted and the future tarsal segment boundaries are visible. A line of positive cells is seen adjacent to each tarsal furrow, with additional strong staining in the first tarsal segment and in the tibia. Weak expression in semicircular arcs is seen in the third instar antennal disc. Expression in the wing disc is concentrated in the prospective wing blade region. In eye discs, the strongest expression is observed in the central portion of the disc just anterior to the morphogenetic furrow, with no expression in the lateral portions of the disc. A gradient of expression is seen declining toward the posterior tip of the disc. In the larval brain, expression is concentrated in the outer optic anlage

(Villano and Katz, 1995)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
third instar larval stage
wing pouch
(Strutt et al., 2004)
eye disc morphogenetic furrow | anterior to | gradient
(Strutt et al., 2004)
leg disc | restricted

Comment: concentric rings

(Strutt et al., 2004)
prepupal stage P3
wing pouch

Comment: at 4.5 hr APF

(Strutt et al., 2004)
metatarsus

Comment: at 4.5 hr APF

(Strutt et al., 2004)
Additional Descriptive Data

fj protein is observed to be localized in a gradient ahead of the morphogenetic furrow in the eye disc, with highest expression near the dorsal-ventral midline. fj protein expression in the leg disc is observed in weak concentric rings, possibly corresponding to segment boundaries. Expression is weak in the pupal leg disc, with a stripe at the presumptive tarsal segment 1. Wing disc expression of fj protein is observed in the wing pouch in larval and pupal discs.

(Strutt et al., 2004)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Sarov et al., 2016)
located_in plasma membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Villano and Katz, 1995)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Reporter: P{GawB}fjVG1
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
organism | restricted
(Tang and Sun, 2002)
third instar larval stage
leg disc | restricted
(Tang and Sun, 2002)
wing disc | restricted
(Tang and Sun, 2002)
eye-antennal disc | restricted
(Tang and Sun, 2002)
Reporter: P{lacW}fj9-II
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
third instar larval stage
wing disc | restricted
(Villano and Katz, 1995)
larval outer optic anlage
(Villano and Katz, 1995)
eye-antennal disc | restricted
(Villano and Katz, 1995)
leg disc | restricted
(Villano and Katz, 1995)
wing pouch
(Slattery et al., 2011)
presumptive capitellum

Comment: weak

(Slattery et al., 2011)
pupal stage
tibia
(Villano and Katz, 1995)
leg disc | restricted
(Villano and Katz, 1995)
adult stage
wing
(Villano and Katz, 1995)
antenna
(Villano and Katz, 1995)
leg
(Villano and Katz, 1995)
Reporter: P{lacW}fjp1
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
larval stage
larval brain
(Brodsky and Steller, 1996)
third instar larval stage
eye-antennal disc | gradient
(Brodsky and Steller, 1996)
leg disc | restricted
(Rauskolb and Irvine, 1999)
Reporter: P{lacW}fjp2
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
larval stage
larval brain
(Brodsky and Steller, 1996)
third instar larval stage
eye-antennal disc | gradient
(Brodsky and Steller, 1996)
Reporter: P{lacW}fjp3
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
larval stage
larval brain
(Brodsky and Steller, 1996)
third instar larval stage
eye-antennal disc | gradient
(Brodsky and Steller, 1996)
Reporter: P{lacW}fjp4
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
larval stage
larval brain
(Brodsky and Steller, 1996)
third instar larval stage
eye-antennal disc | gradient
(Brodsky and Steller, 1996)
Reporter: P{lacW}fjp5
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
larval stage
larval brain
(Brodsky and Steller, 1996)
third instar larval stage
eye-antennal disc | gradient
(Brodsky and Steller, 1996)
Reporter: P{lacW}fjp6
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
larval stage
larval brain
(Brodsky and Steller, 1996)
third instar larval stage
eye-antennal disc | gradient
(Brodsky and Steller, 1996)
Reporter: P{lacW}P55Cg4
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
larval stage
larval brain
(Brodsky and Steller, 1996)
third instar larval stage
eye-antennal disc | gradient
(Brodsky and Steller, 1996)
Reporter: P{lacW}P55Ci10
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
larval stage
larval brain
(Brodsky and Steller, 1996)
third instar larval stage
eye-antennal disc | gradient
(Brodsky and Steller, 1996)
Reporter: P{lacW}P55Ci20
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
larval stage
larval brain
(Brodsky and Steller, 1996)
third instar larval stage
eye-antennal disc | gradient
(Brodsky and Steller, 1996)
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\fj in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 1-3
  • Stages(s) 4-6
  • Stages(s) 7-8
  • Stages(s) 9-10
  • Stages(s) 11-12
  • Stages(s) 13-16
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 23 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 33 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of fj
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of fj
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 5 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal (with fjd3)
lethal (with fjVG1)
lethal | recessive
viable
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
Sterility
Allele
female semi-sterile, with Scer\GAL4VP16.mat.αTub67C
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal cell polarity, with Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PL
abnormal cell polarity | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone
abnormal cell polarity | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Ubx.PdC
abnormal cell polarity | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PL
abnormal cell polarity | somatic clone
abnormal planar polarity
abnormal planar polarity, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544
abnormal planar polarity, with Scer\GAL4bi-omb3-GAL4
abnormal planar polarity, with Scer\GAL4bi-omb-Gal4
abnormal planar polarity, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
abnormal planar polarity, with Scer\GAL4FRT.Act5C
abnormal planar polarity, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1
abnormal planar polarity, with Scer\GAL4salm-459.2
abnormal planar polarity (with Df(2R)Pcl11B)
abnormal planar polarity | cell autonomous | somatic clone
abnormal planar polarity | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone
abnormal planar polarity | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone, with fjd1
abnormal planar polarity | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone, with fjt14.Tag:Golgi(hGALNT3)
abnormal planar polarity | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI
abnormal planar polarity | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PL
abnormal planar polarity | recessive
abnormal planar polarity | somatic clone, with fjd1
abnormal planar polarity | somatic clone, with fjt14.Tag:Golgi(hGALNT3)
abnormal size, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
decreased cell number
decreased occurrence of cell division
increased body weight | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU
visible
visible, with Scer\GAL469B
visible, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1
visible, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
visible, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1
visible | dominant
visible | recessive
visible | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
abdomen
abdominal segment 2 & macrochaeta
abdominal segment 2 & microchaeta
abdominal tergite 2
abdominal tergite | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone
abdominal tergite | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Ubx.PdC
abdominal tergite | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PL
adult cuticle | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone
adult cuticle | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Ubx.PdC
adult cuticle | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PL
anterior crossvein, with Scer\GAL4FRT.Act5C
anterior crossvein, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1
anterior-posterior compartment boundary of the wing blade, with Scer\GAL4FRT.Act5C
arista
coxa
crossvein
crossvein, with Scer\GAL4bi-omb-Gal4
embryonic/larval tracheal dorsal trunk
eye
eye, with Scer\GAL4bi-omb-Gal4
eye, with Scer\GAL4FRT.Act5C
eye (with Df(2R)Pcl11B)
eye | dorsal, with Scer\GAL4bi-omb-Gal4
eye | somatic clone
eye | ventral, with Scer\GAL4bi-omb-Gal4
eye disc, with Scer\GAL4bi-omb-Gal4
femur
leg
leg, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1
leg, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
leg, with Scer\GAL4FRT.Act5C
leg, with Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PL
leg | distal, with Scer\GAL4FRT.Act5C
leg joint
leg joint, with Scer\GAL469B
leg joint | ectopic
leg joint | ectopic, with Scer\GAL469B
lens
macrochaeta | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone
macrochaeta | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Ubx.PdC
macrochaeta | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PL
mesonotum
metatarsus
microchaeta | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone
microchaeta | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Ubx.PdC
microchaeta | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PL
ommatidium
ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4bi-omb3-GAL4
ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4bi-omb-Gal4
ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4FRT.Act5C
ommatidium (with Df(2R)Pcl11B)
ommatidium | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone, with fjd1
ommatidium | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone, with fjt14.Tag:Golgi(hGALNT3)
ommatidium | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI
ommatidium | somatic clone
ommatidium | somatic clone, with fjd1
ommatidium | somatic clone, with fjt14.Tag:Golgi(hGALNT3)
photoreceptor cell R3 | somatic clone
photoreceptor cell R4 | ectopic | somatic clone
posterior crossvein, with Scer\GAL4FRT.Act5C
scutellum
tarsal segment
tarsal segment 2
tarsal segment 2, with Scer\GAL469B
tarsal segment 3
tarsal segment 3, with Scer\GAL469B
tarsal segment 4
tarsal segment, with Scer\GAL469B
tarsal segment, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1
tarsal segment, with Scer\GAL4FRT.Act5C
tarsal segment, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1
tarsal segment (with fjd3)
tarsal segment (with fjVG1)
tarsal segment | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI
third segment of antenna
tibia
trichome & tergite | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone
trichome & tergite | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PL
wing
wing, with Scer\GAL4bi-omb-Gal4
wing, with Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PL
wing | distal
wing | distal, with Scer\GAL4FRT.Act5C
wing | posterior, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
wing blade
wing blade posterior compartment, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
wing hair
wing hair, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544
wing hair, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
wing hair, with Scer\GAL4FRT.Act5C
wing hair, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1
wing hair, with Scer\GAL4salm-459.2
wing hair | cell autonomous | somatic clone
wing hair | cell non-autonomous, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1
wing hair | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone
wing vein
wing vein, with Scer\GAL4FRT.Act5C
wing vein | cell autonomous | somatic clone
wing vein | cell non-autonomous | ectopic | somatic clone
wing vein | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone
wing vein | ectopic
wing vein L4, with Scer\GAL4FRT.Act5C
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (1)
Hsap\FJX1
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (1)
Rnor\Fjx1
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (1)
Mmus\Fjx1
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
1  
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (2)
Xtro\fjx1
7 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\fap
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (1)
Drer\fjx1
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP008093
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:fj. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
Allele
Disease
Evidence
References
fjRNAi.UAS.cUa
model of  obesity
CEA
(Agrawal et al., 2021)
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
Human Ortholog
Disease
Evidence
References
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
Allele
Disease
Interaction
References
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Homo sapiens (Human)
Gene name
Score
OMIM
OMIM Phenotype
DO term
Complementation?
Transgene?
FJX1; four-jointed box kinase 1
13 of 14
612206
      Functional Complementation Data
      Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
      Interactions
      Summary of Physical Interactions
      Interaction Browsers
      View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
      Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
      protein-protein
      Physical Interaction
      Assay
      References
      fj
      enzymatic study, autoradiography
      (Ishikawa et al., 2008)
      fj - Ars2
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
      (Kwon et al., 2013)
      fj - CG11999
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
      (Kwon et al., 2013)
      fj - Cam
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
      (Kwon et al., 2013)
      fj - Klp61F
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, peptide massfingerprinting
      (Kwon et al., 2013, Kwon et al., 2013)
      fj - LysRS
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
      (Kwon et al., 2013)
      fj - Mtpα
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
      (Kwon et al., 2013)
      fj - Myo61F
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
      (Kwon et al., 2013)
      fj - Ref1
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
      (Kwon et al., 2013)
      fj - SERCA
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
      (Kwon et al., 2013)
      fj - Wnt4
      pull down, anti tag western blot
      (Lim et al., 2005)
      fj - ds
      enzymatic study, autoradiography, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
      (Brittle et al., 2010, Ishikawa et al., 2008)
      fj - ft
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, enzymatic study, autoradiography
      (Brittle et al., 2010, Ishikawa et al., 2008)
      fj - kcc
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
      (Kwon et al., 2013)
      Summary of Genetic Interactions
      Interaction Browsers
      View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
      Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      fj
      enhanceable
      dachs
      (Buckles et al., 2001)
      fj
      enhanceable
      ds
      (Strutt et al., 2004)
      fj
      suppressible
      ds
      (Matakatsu and Blair, 2004)
      fj
      enhanceable
      ena
      (Buckles et al., 2001)
      fj
      enhanceable
      ft
      (Strutt et al., 2004)
      fj
      enhanceable
      Ser
      (Buckles et al., 2001)
      fj
      enhanceable
      Wnt4
      (Lim et al., 2005)
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      baz
      enhanceable
      fj
      (Shao et al., 2010)
      cg
      enhanceable
      fj
      (Waddington, 1953)
      ds
      enhanceable
      fj
      (Matakatsu and Blair, 2004, Strutt et al., 2004)
      ds
      suppressible
      fj
      (Yang et al., 2002)
      ft
      suppressible
      fj
      (Matakatsu and Blair, 2004)
      ft
      enhanceable
      fj
      (Strutt et al., 2004)
      ft|ds
      enhanceable
      fj
      (Brittle et al., 2010)
      ft|ds
      suppressible
      fj
      (Brittle et al., 2010)
      N
      suppressible
      fj
      (Djiane et al., 2013)
      ph-p
      suppressible
      fj
      (Faucheux et al., 2001)
      External Data
      Linkouts
      BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
      MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      Pathways
      Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
      Metabolic Pathways
      FlyBase
      External Links
      External Data
      Linkouts
      KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
      Class of Gene
      Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
      Chromosome (arm)
      2R
      Recombination map
      2-85
      Cytogenetic map
      55C1-55C1
      Sequence location
      FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Evidence for location
      55C1-55C1
      Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}Hsf03091&P{EP}Dgp-1EP731 and P{PZ}sbb04525&P{EP}EP1081EP1081
      Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Notes
      References
      55C-55C
      (Brodsky, 1996.1.9, Brodsky and Steller, 1995)
      55B-55C
      (determined by in situ hybridisation)
      (Villano and Katz, 1995)
      Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
      Location

      2-85

      (FlyBase, 2016)

      2-89.3

      (Comeron et al., 2012)

      2-81.5

      Left of (cM)
      Right of (cM)
      Notes
      Stocks and Reagents
      Stocks (20)
      Genomic Clones (14)
       

      Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

      cDNA Clones (39)
       

      Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

      cDNA clones, fully sequenced
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

      cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
      RNAi and Array Information
      Linkouts
      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
      Antibody Information
      Laboratory Generated Antibodies
       

      polyclonal

      (Hale et al., 2015, Strutt et al., 2004)
      Commercially Available Antibodies
       
      Cell Line Information
      Publicly Available Cell Lines
       
        Other Stable Cell Lines
         

        • New stable cell line derived from S2-unspecified : Inducible stable S2 cell lines were created expressing Tag:FLAG-tagged fragments of the ds extracellular domains or secreted, epitope-tagged mutant or wild type fj.

          (Ishikawa et al., 2008)
        Other Comments

        Mutation of the DNE motif in fj abolishes its biological activity.

        (Ishikawa et al., 2008)

        fj regulates ft signaling by phosphorylating cadherin domains of ft and ds as they transit through the golgi.

        (Ishikawa et al., 2008)

        Gradients of fj and ds expression appear to provide partially redundant positional information essential for specifying the polarisation axis in the eye. The fidelity of planar cell polarity in the eye appears to result from the combined action of the fj and ds gradients acting through ft.

        (Simon, 2004)

        In the wing, as well as in the eye, fj, ds and ft orient the direction of the fz-mediated intercellular feedback loop.

        (Ma et al., 2003)

        fj play an important role in the regulation planar polarity in the compound eye.

        (Yang et al., 2002)

        fj can direct ectopic growth and joint initiation in the leg when its normal pattern of expression is disturbed.

        (Buckles et al., 2001)

        fj has roles in anterior posterior growth of the abdominal segments and patterning of the wing veins.

        (Zeidler et al., 2000)

        fj appears to act in ommatidial polarity as a second signal downstream of wg,hop and wg.

        (Zeidler et al., 1999)

        The fj gene was identified in a screen for genes expressed in a non-uniform pattern along the dorsal-ventral axis of the eye. fj is required for proper leg, wing and eye development. Analysis of mutant phenotypes and expression patterns suggests that fj is required for cell-cell signalling during disc development.

        (Brodsky and Steller, 1996)

        fj plays a role in a polar coordinate system of positional values in leg tissue.

        (Brodsky and Steller, 1995)

        Analysis of the fj phenotype, expression pattern, molecular identity and biochemistry strongly supports previous work that suggests fj functions as a regional signalling molecule regulating growth and differentiation in specific portions of the leg and wing proximal distal axis. An in vitro transcription-translation-coupled translocation assay indicates that fj encodes a type II membrane glycoprotein and that in this in vitro system fj is synthesised in both a membrane bound and a secreted form.

        (Villano and Katz, 1995)
        Relationship to Other Genes
        Source for database merge of
        Additional comments
        Nomenclature History
        Source for database identify of
        Nomenclature comments
        Etymology
        Synonyms and Secondary IDs (10)
        Reported As
        Symbol Synonym
        CG10917
        (Meadows, 2017.1.11, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Perkins et al., 2009)
        FJ
        (Harvey and Hariharan, 2012, Bayly and Axelrod, 2011)
        Fj
        (Gou et al., 2023, Wang et al., 2022, Athilingam et al., 2021, Strutt and Strutt, 2021, Zhao et al., 2021, Fulford and McNeill, 2020, Gou et al., 2020, Harrison et al., 2020, Garrido-Jimenez et al., 2019, Gou et al., 2018, Richardson and Portela, 2017, Cao et al., 2015, Galic and Matis, 2015, Irvine and Harvey, 2015, Sadeqzadeh et al., 2014, Kwon et al., 2013, Lawrence and Casal, 2013, Matis and Axelrod, 2013, Yu and Guan, 2013, Fausti et al., 2012, Ishikawa et al., 2012, Liu et al., 2012, Muñoz-Soriano et al., 2012, Singh and Mlodzik, 2012, Axelrod and Tomlin, 2011, Halder and Johnson, 2011, Zhao et al., 2011, Simon et al., 2010, Brittle et al., 2007)
        Fjx1
        (Cahill et al., 2021)
        fj
        (Bu et al., 2025, Huang and Calvi, 2025, Kong et al., 2025, Li et al., 2024, Liu et al., 2024, Sun et al., 2024, Brittle et al., 2022, Kong et al., 2022, Kumar and Baker, 2022, Perlegos et al., 2022, Yang et al., 2022, Lebo et al., 2021, Muñoz-Nava et al., 2021, Iijima et al., 2020, Rust et al., 2020, Arbouzova et al., 2019, Yee et al., 2019, Baker et al., 2018, Gou et al., 2018, Mangione and Martín-Blanco, 2018, Arata et al., 2017, Montes and Morata, 2017, Gomez et al., 2016, Saavedra et al., 2016, Sarov et al., 2016, Willsey et al., 2016, Doggett et al., 2015, Enomoto et al., 2015, Gailite et al., 2015, Hale et al., 2015, Kwon et al., 2015, Okumura et al., 2015, Parker and Struhl, 2015, Spratford and Kumar, 2015, Wang and Baker, 2015, Bossuyt et al., 2014, Merkel et al., 2014, Mouri et al., 2014, Qing et al., 2014, Sing et al., 2014, Sopko et al., 2014, Djiane et al., 2013, Hazelwood and Hancock, 2013, Irvine, 2013.3.28, Kwon et al., 2013, Perea et al., 2013, Sharma and McNeill, 2013, Sidor et al., 2013, Webber et al., 2013, Zhao et al., 2013, Ambegaonkar et al., 2012, Ambegaonkar et al., 2012, Bosveld et al., 2012, Bosveld et al., 2012, Brittle et al., 2012, Matakatsu and Blair, 2012, Bao et al., 2011, Boggiano et al., 2011, Genevet and Tapon, 2011, Goodrich and Strutt, 2011, Hogan et al., 2011, Richter et al., 2011, Slattery et al., 2011, Brittle et al., 2010, Frise et al., 2010, Grzeschik et al., 2010, Herz et al., 2010, Li et al., 2010, McNeill, 2010, Reddy et al., 2010, Shao et al., 2010, Zecca and Struhl, 2010, Aerts et al., 2009, Chung et al., 2009, Feng and Irvine, 2009, Sopko et al., 2009, Rogulja et al., 2008, Terriente et al., 2008, Willecke et al., 2008, Arbouzova and McNeill, 2007, Beltran et al., 2007, Buszczak et al., 2007, Christensen et al., 2007.10.29, Lawrence et al., 2007, Tyler et al., 2007, Casal et al., 2006, Cho et al., 2006, Willecke et al., 2006, Lim et al., 2005, Strutt and Strutt, 2005, Fanto and McNeill, 2004, Strutt et al., 2004, Tsai and Sun, 2004, Fanto et al., 2003)
        Name Synonyms
        Four jointed
        (Garrido-Jimenez et al., 2019)
        Four-Jointed
        (Bosveld et al., 2012, Neto-Silva et al., 2010, Fanto and McNeill, 2004)
        Four-jointed
        (Harvey et al., 2013, Hazelwood and Hancock, 2013, Lawrence and Casal, 2013, Sharma and McNeill, 2013, Bosveld et al., 2012, Fausti et al., 2012, Ishikawa et al., 2012, Muñoz-Soriano et al., 2012, Singh and Mlodzik, 2012, Bao et al., 2011, Halder and Johnson, 2011, Reddy et al., 2010, Collier et al., 2008, Ishikawa et al., 2008, Brittle et al., 2007, Kerszberg and Wolpert, 2007, Cho et al., 2006, Mao et al., 2006, Lim et al., 2005, Strutt, 2005)
        four jointed
        (Shao et al., 2010, Willecke et al., 2006)
        four-jointed
        (Agrawal et al., 2021, Gou et al., 2018, Jonchère et al., 2017, Gomez et al., 2016, Okumura et al., 2015, Enderle and McNeill, 2013, Yu and Guan, 2013, Boggiano et al., 2011, Hogan et al., 2011, Brittle et al., 2010, Grzeschik et al., 2010, Li et al., 2010, Zecca and Struhl, 2010, Feng and Irvine, 2009, Gutierrez-Aviño et al., 2009, Ishikawa et al., 2008, Le Garrec and Kerszberg, 2008, Rogulja et al., 2008, Lawrence et al., 2007, Strutt and Strutt, 2005)
        Secondary FlyBase IDs
          Datasets (1)
          Study focus (1)
          Experimental Role
          Project
          Project Type
          Title
          • bait_protein
          Hippo_Pathway_interaction_map
          Interaction map generated by purification of Hippo pathway factors, with identification of copurifying proteins by mass spectrometry.
          Study result (0)
          Result
          Result Type
          Title
          External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 41 )
          Sequence Crossreferences
          NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
          GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
          GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
          RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
          UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
          UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          Other crossreferences
          AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
          BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
          DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
          EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
          FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
          FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
          InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
          KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
          MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
          Linkouts
          BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
          DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
          FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
          FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
          Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
          Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
          iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
          Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
          KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
          MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          References (261)