FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\Apc
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Apc
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
APC-like
Annotation Symbol
CG1451
Feature Type
FlyBase ID
FBgn0015589
Gene Model Status
Stock Availability
Gene Summary
APC-like (Apc) encodes one of two Drosophila APC family proteins. It is a key negative regulator of Wingless signaling, as a critical component of the destruction complex that phosphorylates beta-catenin and thus targets it for ubiquitination and proteasomal destruction. It is the primary family member during CNS and eye development, and functions redundantly with the product of Apc2 in adult development. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
Also Known As

APC1, D-APC, dAPC, adenomatous polyposis coli, dAPC1

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-97
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:28832301..28844748
Sequence
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (27 terms)
Molecular Function (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from direct assay
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000288612
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR009240, InterPro:IPR026818
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000288612
Biological Process (18 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (11 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in brain development
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Apc2; FB:FBgn0026598
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Apc2; FB:FBgn0026598
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Apc2; FB:FBgn0026598
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Apc2; FB:FBgn0026598
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Apc2; FB:FBgn0026598
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (8 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000288612
involved_in cell migration
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000288612
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000288612
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000288612
Cellular Component (7 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from direct assay
located_in axon
inferred from direct assay
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
located_in cytosol
inferred from direct assay
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000288612
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000288612
colocalizes_with cytoplasmic microtubule
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000288612
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
APC-like (Apc) encodes one of two Drosophila APC family proteins. It is a key negative regulator of Wingless signaling, as a critical component of the destruction complex that phosphorylates beta-catenin and thus targets it for ubiquitination and proteasomal destruction. It is the primary family member during CNS and eye development, and functions redundantly with the product of Apc2 in adult development. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07]
Pathway (FlyBase)
NEGATIVE REGULATORS OF WNT-TCF SIGNALING PATHWAY -
Negative regulators of Wnt-TCF (canonical Wnt) signaling down-regulate the pathway, resulting in the attenuation of transcriptional regulation mediated by β-catenin (arm).
Gene Group (FlyBase)
BETA CATENIN DESTRUCTION COMPLEX APC VARIANT -
The β-catenin destruction complex is a cytoplasmic protein complex that phosphorylates β-catenin, targeting it for ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. In the absence of Wnt signaling, the β-catenin destruction complex constitutively suppresses the canonical Wnt signaling pathway by preventing the accumulation of cytoplasmic β-catenin (arm). (Adapted from FBrf0217546).
Summary (Interactive Fly)

adenomatous polyposis coli homolog involved in the wingless pathway - functions in neural development

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
3
Number of Unique Polypeptides
2

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Apc for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9VAS9)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.48

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.55

Translational frameshifting postulated (FBrf0216436).

Gene model reviewed during 6.07

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
FBtr0085351
8441
2417
FBtr0336767
8317
2417
FBtr0445314
8441
1597
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

8 (northern blot)

Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
FBpp0084720
261.3
2417
5.35
FBpp0307743
261.3
2417
5.35
FBpp0401491
174.6
1597
5.79
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

2417 aa isoforms: Apc-PA, Apc-PB
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

2416 (aa); 260 (kD predicted)

Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Apc using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.56

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data

Apc transcripts are observed in very early embyros and are not seen again until after germ band retraction. At that time they are concentrated in the CNS where they are restricted to postmitotic cells. Transcripts are also found in the epidermis.

Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
organism | ubiquitous

Comment: Expression more prominent in CNS.

Additional Descriptive Data

The Apc protein colocalizes with shot on microtubules in mature tendon cells of third instar larvae. There is a focus of staining overlapping a compact microtubule array near the muscle-tendon junction. This unique subcellular structure extends to the cuticle attachment site.

Embryonic expression of Apc protein is ubiquitous, but more pronounced in the CNS.

Apc protein is detected in the nervous system of embryos from germ-band retraction on. It localizes to axon fiber tracts and motor neurons. Initially, similar levels are found in longitudinal and commissural tracts. Later, staining is more intense in the longitudinal tracts and is distributed in patches or streaks within specific fibers in the longitudinal tracts.

Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from direct assay
located_in axon
inferred from direct assay
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
located_in cytosol
inferred from direct assay
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Apc in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 9 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 61 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Apc
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Apc
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 5 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 5 )
Gene not disrupted in
Gene not duplicated in
Inferred from location ( 4 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
Other Phenotypes
Allele
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
male germline stem cell & centrosome (with Df(3R)3450)
male germline stem cell & spindle (with Df(3R)3450)
neuron & retina & pupa
Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (13)
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
10 of 14
No
Yes
2  
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
2  
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
4  
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1  
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (12)
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
10 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (13)
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
9 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (6)
8 of 13
Yes
Yes
8 of 13
Yes
Yes
1 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (19)
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
8 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (4)
5 of 14
Yes
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (4)
8 of 12
Yes
Yes
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (5)
1 of 13
Yes
No
1 of 13
Yes
No
1 of 13
Yes
No
1 of 13
Yes
No
1 of 13
Yes
Yes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (1)
1 of 13
Yes
No
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Apc. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (3)
8 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 4 )
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 10 )
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
Allele
Disease
Interaction
References
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Functional Complementation Data
Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
Interactions
Summary of Physical Interactions
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interaction Browsers

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
External Data
Linkouts
BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
Pathways
Class of Gene
Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
Chromosome (arm)
3R
Recombination map
3-97
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Evidence for location
98E5-98E6
Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(3)0648706487 and P{EP}EP3390EP3390
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Notes
References
98F-98F
(determined by in situ hybridisation)
98D-98E
(determined by in situ hybridisation)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Stocks and Reagents
Stocks (61)
Genomic Clones (21)
cDNA Clones (27)
 

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced
BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

      cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
      BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
          RNAi and Array Information
          Linkouts
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          Antibody Information
          Laboratory Generated Antibodies
          Commercially Available Antibodies
           
          Cell Line Information
          Publicly Available Cell Lines
          Other Stable Cell Lines
           
            Other Comments

            Apc and Apc2 are required in intestinal stem cells in the adult midgut to regulate proliferation.

            dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology.

            shot recruits Eb1/Apc and promotes microtubule assembly at the muscle-tendon junction.

            Regulation of arm by Apc inhibits neuronal apoptosis during retinal development.

            Apc is capable of down-regulating β-catenin in a colon carcinoma cell line and of interacting with the arm protein in vivo. Its expression pattern and preliminary genetic analysis suggest that it may not be an essential component of arm regulation in the wg pathway.

            Identification: cDNA expression library with an antibody against Hsap\APC.

            Relationship to Other Genes
            Source for database merge of

            Source for merge of: Apc CG1451

            Additional comments

            "S(CycEJP)1S3" is unlikely to correspond to "Apc"; mutations in the two loci complement each other.

            Nomenclature History
            Source for database identify of
            Nomenclature comments
            Etymology
            Synonyms and Secondary IDs (24)
            Reported As
            Symbol Synonym
            Secondary FlyBase IDs
            • FBgn0039604
            Datasets (0)
            Study focus (0)
            Experimental Role
            Project
            Project Type
            Title
            Study result (0)
            Result
            Result Type
            Title
            External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 66 )
            Sequence Crossreferences
            NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
            GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
            GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
            RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
            UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
            UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
            Other crossreferences
            AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
            DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
            EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
            FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
            FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
            KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
            MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
            Linkouts
            BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
            Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
            DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
            DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
            Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
            FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
            FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
            Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
            Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
            FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
            iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
            Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
            KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
            MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
            MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
            SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.
            References (341)