FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\Tk

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\Tk

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

Tachykinin

Annotation Symbol

CG14734

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0037976

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

30 publicly available

Gene Summary

Tachykinins are active peptides which excite neurons, evoke behavioral responses, are potent vasodilators and secretagogues, and contract (directly or indirectly) many smooth muscles. Stimulates gut muscle contractions (PubMed:10801863). Required for the response to the male sex pheromone CH503 which is transferred from males to females during mating and inhibits courtship behavior by other males (PubMed:26083710). The Gr68a gustatory receptor is required for detection of the pheromone and Gr68a-expressing neurons in the male foreleg relay signals to the suboesophageal zone (SEZ) which leads to courtship suppression through release of tachykinin from a cluster of 8-10 neurons in the SEZ (PubMed:26083710). (UniProt, Q9VGE8)

Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.

All Summaries

Alliance
Auto summary
Gene Group
UniProtKB
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

DTK, tachykinin-3, DTK-1, DTK-5, DTK-4

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

87A4-87A4

Sequence location

3R:11,994,175..12,005,473 [-]

Recombination map

3-51

RefSeq locus

NT_033777 REGION:11994175..12005473

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (11 terms)

Molecular Function (2 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables neuropeptide hormone activity

inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:TkR86C; FB:FBgn0004841

(Poels et al., 2009)

inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:TkR99D; FB:FBgn0004622

(Poels et al., 2007)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables signaling receptor binding

non-traceable author statement

(Hewes and Taghert, 2001)

Biological Process (8 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (8 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in adult walking behavior

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Kahsai et al., 2010, Winther et al., 2006)

involved_in inter-male aggressive behavior

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Asahina et al., 2014)

involved_in lipid metabolic process

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Song et al., 2014)

involved_in positive regulation of hindgut contraction

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Siviter et al., 2000)

involved_in positive regulation of sensory perception of pain

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Im et al., 2015)

involved_in response to pheromone

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Shankar et al., 2015)

involved_in sensory perception of smell

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Winther et al., 2006)

involved_in tachykinin receptor signaling pathway

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Siviter et al., 2000)

inferred from direct assay

(Poels et al., 2009, Poels et al., 2007)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Cellular Component (1 term)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in extracellular space

inferred from direct assay

(Reiher et al., 2011)

inferred from direct assay

(Siviter et al., 2000)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in extracellular space

inferred by curator from GO:0071861

(Poels et al., 2009, Poels et al., 2007)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

NEUROPEPTIDES

Protein Family (UniProt)

Belongs to the tachykinin family. (Q9VGE8)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Summaries

Gene Group (FlyBase)

NEUROPEPTIDES -: Neuropeptides are secreted into the extracellular space where they interact with cell surface receptors (usually G protein coupled receptors). They are extremely diverse, acting as neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, hormones or growth factors. (Adapted from FBrf0211443 and PMID:27813667).

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

(UniProt, Q9VGE8)

Summary (Interactive Fly)

a secreted neuropeptide that regulates aggression, response to metabolic stress, and insulin-producing cells

Interactive Fly

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Tk for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry Q9VGE8)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.47

Gene model reviewed during 5.55

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

Tk-RA

FBtr0082488

NM_141884

1557

289

Tk-RB

FBtr0335435

NM_001275564

1618

297

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

Tk-PA

FBpp0081962

31.7

289

8.79

FBpp0307416

32.8

297

9.52

A0A0B4KFT7

NP_001262493

AGB95875

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

Comments

Small Tk-derived neuropeptides identified by 2D capillary LC/ESI-MS/MS: APLAFVGLR-amide, APNGFLGMR-amide, APTGFTGMR-amide, APTSSFIGMR-amide, APVNSFVGMR-amide.

(Baggerman et al., 2005)

External Data

Crossreferences

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Tk using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

Tk_1

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.83

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 17

cell | subset of embryonic/larval midgut

Comment: 15 cells

(Siviter et al., 2000)

larval stage

endocrine cell | subset of embryonic/larval midgut | posterior

Comment: just anterior to Malpighian tubules

(Siviter et al., 2000)

third instar larval stage

neuron | subset of larval brain

Comment: 13 pairs of neurons

(Siviter et al., 2000)

cell | subset of metathoracic neuromere

Comment: 1 pair of cells

(Siviter et al., 2000)

cell | subset of abdominal neuromere

Comment: 8 pairs of cells

(Siviter et al., 2000)

adult stage | female

endocrine cell | subset of adult midgut | restricted

(Siviter et al., 2000)

RT-PCR

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

adult head

(Ignell et al., 2009)

Additional Descriptive Data

RT-PCR detects Tk transcript expression in adult heads, but not in isolated antennae.

(Ignell et al., 2009)

Tk transcript is first observed at embryonic stage 17, in 15 cells in the midgut, one of which is isolated from the other 14; a pair of medially located unidentified cells just posterior to the brain, and two lateral groups of cells that might be associated with the trachea. In larvae, Tk transcript is expressed in cells with endocrine cell-like morphology in the posterior midgut, just anterior to the Malpighian tubules. In the third instar larval brain, Tk transcript is strongly localized to 5 pairs of neuronal cell bodies in the larval protocerebrum, 2 pairs in the tritocerebrum, and 2 pairs of descending neurons. An additional 3 pairs of protocerebral and one pair of tritocerebral neurons have weak Tk expression. In the larval ventral ganglion, one pair of Tk-positive cells is found in the thoracic neuromere, and 8 pairs in the abdominal neuromere. In adult females, Tk transcript is observed in endocrine-like cells in the anterior and posterior thirds of midgut, but not in the central third.

(Siviter et al., 2000)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

distribution deduced from reporter (Gal4 UAS)

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

adult ipc-1 neuron

(Kahsai et al., 2010)

adult ipc-2a neuron

(Kahsai et al., 2010)

immunolocalization

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

second instar larval stage -- third instar larval stage

neuron | subset of larval gnathal ganglion

Comment: 2 pairs of descending neurons

(Siviter et al., 2000)

neuron | subset of larval protocerebrum

Comment: 5 pairs of neurons

(Siviter et al., 2000)

neuron | subset of larval tritocerebrum

Comment: 2 pairs of neurons

(Siviter et al., 2000)

neuron | subset of abdominal neuromere

Comment: faint and variably labeled

(Siviter et al., 2000)

second instar larval stage -- adult stage

neuron | subset of metathoracic neuromere

Comment: 2 pairs of neurons

(Siviter et al., 2000)

third instar larval stage

endocrine cell | subset of embryonic/larval midgut | posterior

Comment: ~20 cells just anterior to Malpighian tubules

(Siviter et al., 2000)

tachykinin neuron

(Herrero et al., 2003)

larval Tachykinin neuron of the central nervous system

(Im et al., 2015)

larval midgut alkaline region

(Veenstra, 2009)

adult stage | male

adult fruitless aSP-f (male) neuron | subset

(Asahina et al., 2014)

adult fruitless aSP-g (male) neuron | subset

(Asahina et al., 2014)

adult stage | female

adult fruitless aSP-f (female) neuron | subset

(Asahina et al., 2014)

adult fruitless aSP-g (female) neuron | subset

(Asahina et al., 2014)

mass spectroscopy

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

third instar larval stage

embryonic/larval midgut

Comment: peptides

(Reiher et al., 2011)

wandering third instar larval stage

larval central nervous system

(Baggerman et al., 2005)

adult stage

adult midgut

Comment: peptides

(Reiher et al., 2011)

Additional Descriptive Data

Tk protein is expressed in a number of neurons in the larval brain which project into the ventral nerve cord.

(Im et al., 2015)

Tk-protein is expressed in a subset of male adult protocerebral LPP2 Tachykinin neurons that co-express ScerGAL4^Tk.

(Asahina et al., 2014)

Tk protein is detected in most layers of the fan-shaped body, except for layer 3. Co-localisation with ScerGAL4^Cha.7.4 is observed in the central and dorsal layers of the fan-shaped body and 16-18 SMP neurons. Co-localisation with ScerGAL4^c739 and ScerGAL4^NP2320 is observed in the dorsal layers of the fan-shaped body and in a subset of SMP neurons.

(Kahsai and Winther, 2011)

Tk peptides were detected in extracts from adult and larval midguts.

(Reiher et al., 2011)

Tk protein is expressed in 20 local neurons that innervate most adult antennal lobe glomeruli. These neurons have their cell bodies in two clusters, one dorsolateral and the other lateral to the antennal lobe. A subset of the neurons of the dorsolateral cluster co-express ScerGAL4^GH298.

(Carlsson et al., 2010)

Approximately 24 Tk-immunoreactive neurons are found in the superior medial protocerebrum.

(Kahsai et al., 2010)

Tk protein is expressed in a subset of local interneurons (LNs) of the adult antennal lobe; 70% of Tk-expressing LNs also express ScerGAL4^GH298.

(Ignell et al., 2009)

Tk staining is observed in the posterior half of the posterior midgut and tend to be concentrated near the junction with the hindgut.

(Veenstra, 2009)

Tk immunoreactivity was found all along the length of the midugt.

(Veenstra et al., 2008)

Tk protein is expressed in two pairs of descending neurons in the larval subesophageal ganglion that project axons to the ventral nerve cord; two pairs of triterocerebral neurons that branch within the tritocerebral neuromere, and five pairs of protocerebral neurons that form processes within the protocerebral neuromere. Two pairs of Tk-positive neurons are observed in the metathoracic neuromere, and a few inconsistantly-labeled neurons are observed in the abdominal neuromeres. The adult brain has many Tk-expression neurons that form complex arborizations within the brain neuropils, as well as two pairs of descending neurons. Two large cell bodies in the metathoracic neuromere, as well as a pair in the abdominal neuromeres, also express Tk protein. Around 20 large Tk protein-expressing cells with morphology similar to endocrine cells are located in the larval posterior midgut, just anterior the Malpighian tubules. Many more Tk-positive endocrine cells, slightly smaller than the larval midgut cells, are found in the adult midgut; these cells have an elongated shape and often span the gut epithelium.

(Siviter et al., 2000)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in extracellular space

inferred from direct assay

(Reiher et al., 2011)

inferred from direct assay

(Siviter et al., 2000)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

Reporter: P{GMR65E09-GAL4}

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 16

embryonic midline of ventral nerve cord

(Manning et al., 2012)

Reporter: P{Tk-GAL4.PS}

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

larval stage

larval enteroendocrine cell

(Song et al., 2017)

adult stage

enteroendocrine cell

(Song et al., 2014)

adult enteroendocrine cell

(Ameku et al., 2018)

adult brain | restricted

(Ameku et al., 2018)

adult ventral nerve cord | restricted

(Ameku et al., 2018)

Reporter: P{Tk-GAL4.TH}

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage | male

adult fruitless aSP-f (male) neuron | subset

(Asahina et al., 2014)

adult fruitless aSP-g (male) neuron | subset

(Asahina et al., 2014)

adult ventral nerve cord | restricted

(Asahina et al., 2014)

adult stage | female

adult fruitless aSP-f (female) neuron | subset

(Asahina et al., 2014)

adult fruitless aSP-g (female) neuron | subset

(Asahina et al., 2014)

adult stage

adult protocerebral LPP1 Tachykinin neuron | subset

Comment: 6 neurons

(Asahina et al., 2014)

tachykinin neuron

(Shankar et al., 2015)

Reporter: TI{2A-GAL4}Tk^2A-GAL4

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

dopaminergic neuron | subset

(Deng et al., 2019)

adult Tachykinin neuron of the central nervous system

(Qi et al., 2021)

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Tk in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\Tk

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\Tk

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0037976

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

41456/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0037976

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0037976

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0037976

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG14734

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0037976

Images

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 15 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 14 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Tk

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Tk

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 8 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 8 )

Gene disrupted in

Df(3R)Δ87A5-1

(Patrón et al., 2019)

Df(3R)ΔTk²

(Asahina et al., 2014)

Df(3R)Exel6162

(Ryder, 2004.4.26)

Df(3R)Exel7312

(Ryder, 2004.4.26)

Df(3R)Exel8155

(Ryder, 2004.4.26)

Gene partially disrupted in

Df(3R)CRIMIC-CR70994

(Gene Disruption Project members, 2018-)

Df(3R)Δ87A4-1

(Patrón et al., 2019)

Gene not disrupted in

Df(3R)Δ87A4-2

(Patrón et al., 2019)

Inferred from location ( 13 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

lethal - all die during embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4^αTub84B.PL

Tk^RNAi.UAS.cWa

viable

Tk^Δ1

viable, with Scer\GAL4^T80

Tk^RNAi.UAS.cWa

Sterility

Allele

fertile

Tk^Δ1

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal behavior | adult stage (with Df(3R)ΔTk²)

Tk^Δ1

abnormal behavior | adult stage | recessive

Tk^Δ1

abnormal body size, with Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

Tk^JF01818

abnormal courtship behavior | chemical conditional

Tk^Δ1

abnormal courtship behavior | chemical conditional, with Scer\GAL4^dimm-929

Tk^KK112227

abnormal courtship behavior | chemical conditional, with Scer\GAL4^NPF.1, Scer\GAL80^{tsh-md621-GAL80}

Tk^KK112227

abnormal courtship behavior | chemical conditional (with Df(3R)ΔTk²)

Tk^Δ1

abnormal immune response | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^Tk.PS

Tk^JF01818

abnormal locomotor behavior, with Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

Tk^JF01818

abnormal locomotor behavior | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^c739

Tk^RNAi.UAS.cWa

abnormal locomotor behavior | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

Tk^RNAi.UAS.cWa

abnormal locomotor behavior | adult stage | female, with Scer\GAL4^121Y

Tk^RNAi.UAS.cWa

abnormal locomotor behavior | adult stage | female, with Scer\GAL4^NP2320

Tk^RNAi.UAS.cWa

abnormal locomotor rhythm | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

Tk^JF01818

abnormal mating behavior | mated female, with Scer\GAL4^nSyb.PU

Tk^KK112227

abnormal pain response | early third instar larval stage | conditional, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

abnormal pain response | early third instar larval stage | conditional (with Df(3R)Exel7312)

abnormal pain response | early third instar larval stage | conditional (with Tk^EY20174)

Tk^Δ1C

abnormal pain response | early third instar larval stage | conditional (with Tk^Δ1C)

Tk^EY20174

abnormal pain response | early third instar larval stage | recessive | conditional

abnormal sleep | adult stage

Tk^attP

abnormal smell perception, with Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

Tk^JF01818

abnormal smell perception | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

Tk^RNAi.UAS.cWa

abnormal smell perception | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

Tk^RNAi.UAS.cWa

short lived | conditional, with Scer\GAL4^dimm-929

Tk^RNAi.UAS.cWa

short lived | conditional, with Scer\GAL4^Kurs6

Tk^RNAi.UAS.cWa

short lived | conditional, with Scer\GAL4^Tk.PS

Tk^JF01818

some die during embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4^αTub84B.PL

Tk^RNAi.UAS.cWa

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

enterocyte, with Scer\GAL4^Tk.PS

Tk^JF01818

oocyte | increased number, with Scer\GAL4^Lsp2.3.1

Tk^JF01818

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (0)

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (0)

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (0)

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (0)

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (0)

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)

Agam\AgaP_AGAP010014

1 of 12

Yes

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Tk. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (0)

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

Tk - TkR86C

phenotype-based detection assay, fluorescence microscopy, inferred by author

(Johnson et al., 2003)

Tk - TkR99D

phenotype-based detection assay, inferred by author, fluorescence microscopy

(Poels et al., 2007, Johnson et al., 2003)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Apc|p53|Ras85D

suppressible

(Quintero and Bangi, 2023)

Apc|p53|Ras85D|Pten

suppressible

(Quintero and Bangi, 2023)

TrpA1

suppressible

(Asahina et al., 2014)

TrpA1

enhanceable

(Asahina et al., 2014)

External Data

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

66573

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0037976

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

41456

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

FlyBase

External Links

External Data

Linkouts

Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

3-51

Cytogenetic map

87A4-87A4

Sequence location

3R:11,994,175..12,005,473 [-]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

87A4-87A4

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}Lk6^EP886 and P{PZ}svp⁰⁷⁸⁴²

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

3-51

(FlyBase, 2016)

3-49.0

(Comeron et al., 2012)

(Siviter, 2000.3.22)

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (30)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

Bloomington

84693

TI{2A-GAL4}Tk^2A-GAL4

51973

w¹¹¹⁸; P{Tk-GAL4.TH}2Ma

51975

P{Tk-GAL4.TH}5Fa, w¹¹¹⁸

84438

TI{2A-lexA::GAD}Tk^2A-lexA

84579

w^*; TI{TI}Tk^attP

39282

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GMR61H07-GAL4}attP2

39336

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GMR65B04-GAL4}attP2

39360

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GMR65E12-GAL4}attP2

69453

w¹¹¹⁸; P{R65B04-GAL4.DBD}attP2

FlyORF

F001322

M{UAS-Tk.ORF}ZH-86Fb

F000997

M{UAS-Tk.ORF.3xHA}ZH-86Fb

VDRC

v103662

P{KK112227}VIE-260B

More stocks available...

Genomic Clones (26)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (23)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

RE23085

Other clones

FI03453

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0037976

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0037976

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

polyclonal

(Asahina et al., 2014, Siviter et al., 2000)

monoclonal

(Song et al., 2014)

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

Other Comments

Tk and its receptor TkR99D are required for the hypersensitivity to pain that is normally seen after tissue injury in larvae. They act upstream of hh in the pain-detecting neurons.

(Im et al., 2015)

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Additional comments

Source for identity of Tk CG14734 was sequence comparison ( date:000815 ).

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Source for identity of: Tk CG14734

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Nomenclature comments

Etymology

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (41)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

CG14734

(Mao et al., 2024, Meadows, 2019.11.20, Asahina and Anderson, 2013.9.23, Lemaitre and Miguel-Aliaga, 2013, Schertel et al., 2013, Reiher et al., 2011, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009.1.15, Yew et al., 2009, Wegener and Gorbashov, 2008, Predel et al., 2004, Hewes and Taghert, 2001)

DTK

(Qi et al., 2021, Semaniuk et al., 2021, Sayin et al., 2018, Schoofs et al., 2017, Nässel et al., 2013, Cardoso et al., 2012, Herrero, 2012, Birse et al., 2011, Kahsai and Winther, 2011, Carlsson et al., 2010, Kahsai et al., 2010, Nässel and Winther, 2010, Park et al., 2008, Veenstra et al., 2008, Birse et al., 2006)

DTK-1

(Agard et al., 2024, Carlsson et al., 2010, Nässel and Winther, 2010, Van Loy et al., 2010, Nassel, 2002)

DTK-2

(Carlsson et al., 2010, Nässel and Winther, 2010, Van Loy et al., 2010, Nassel, 2002)

DTK-3

(Carlsson et al., 2010, Nässel and Winther, 2010, Van Loy et al., 2010, Nassel, 2002)

DTK-4

(Carlsson et al., 2010, Nässel and Winther, 2010, Van Loy et al., 2010, Nassel, 2002)

DTK-5

(Carlsson et al., 2010, Nässel and Winther, 2010, Van Loy et al., 2010, Nassel, 2002)

DTK-6

(Nässel and Winther, 2010, Van Loy et al., 2010, Poels et al., 2009, Nassel, 2002)

DTK1

(Johnson et al., 2004, Johnson et al., 2003)

DTk

(Lee and Kim, 2021, Lee et al., 2021)

DmTK6

(Jiang et al., 2013)

Drm-TK

(Predel et al., 2004, vanden Broeck, 2001)

Drm-TK-1

(Poels et al., 2007, vanden Broeck, 2001)

Drm-TK-2

(Poels et al., 2007, vanden Broeck, 2001)

Drm-TK-3

(Poels et al., 2007, Cazzamali and Grimmelikhuijzen, 2002, vanden Broeck, 2001)

Drm-TK-4

(Poels et al., 2007, vanden Broeck, 2001)

Drm-TK-5

(Poels et al., 2007, vanden Broeck, 2001)

Drm-TK-6

(Poels et al., 2007, vanden Broeck, 2001)

Dtk

(Nässel et al., 2013, Cardoso et al., 2012, Söderberg et al., 2011, Wegener and Gorbashov, 2008, Santos et al., 2007, Winther et al., 2003, Siviter, 2000.3.22, Siviter et al., 2000)

TAP-5

(Nassel, 2002)

TK-1

(Johnson et al., 2005)

Tachykinin 1

(Hallier et al., 2016)

Tachykinin 2

(Hallier et al., 2016)

Tachykinin 4

(Hallier et al., 2016)

Tachykinin 5

(Hallier et al., 2016)

(Asahina and Zelikowsky, 2025, de Tredern et al., 2025, Lee et al., 2025, Qush et al., 2025, Tawa and Notterman, 2025, Zhang et al., 2025, Grmai et al., 2024, Guo et al., 2024, Zhao et al., 2024, Quintero and Bangi, 2023, Tsuji et al., 2023, Yun and Hyun, 2023, Chopra et al., 2022, Deshpande et al., 2022, Dvořáček et al., 2022, Guo et al., 2022, Kubrak et al., 2022, Najjar et al., 2022, Devineni and Scaplen, 2021, Hung et al., 2021, Yeom et al., 2021, Funk et al., 2020, Grenier and Leulier, 2020, Hung et al., 2020, Koyama et al., 2020, Texada et al., 2020, Toprak et al., 2020, Watnick and Jugder, 2020, Wilson et al., 2020, Zhou et al., 2020, Deng et al., 2019, Rao and Deng, 2019.10.23, Ameku et al., 2018, Croset et al., 2018, Gáliková and Klepsatel, 2018, Kamareddine et al., 2018, Obniski et al., 2018, Asahina, 2017, Schoofs et al., 2017, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Bahrampour and Thor, 2016, Lee et al., 2015, Shankar et al., 2015, Amcheslavsky et al., 2014, Asahina et al., 2014, Asahina and Anderson, 2013.9.23, Brown et al., 2013, Ida et al., 2013, Lemaitre and Miguel-Aliaga, 2013, Marianes and Spradling, 2013, Schertel et al., 2013, Manning et al., 2012, Kahsai and Winther, 2011, Reiher et al., 2011, Lee et al., 2009, Poels et al., 2004)

Tyk

(Takashima et al., 2011)

dTK

(Ding et al., 2019, Im et al., 2015)

dtk

(Lou et al., 2024, Kahsai and Winther, 2011, Kahsai et al., 2010, Winther and Ignell, 2010, Ignell et al., 2009, Kahsai et al., 2007, Winther et al., 2007, Winther et al., 2006)

(Ryvkin et al., 2024)

Name Synonyms

Tachykinin-1

(Ahmad et al., 2025)

Tachykinin-related

(Nässel and Winther, 2010, Nassel, 2002)

neurokinin

(Hewes and Taghert, 2001)

preprotachykinin

(Baggerman et al., 2005, Siviter et al., 2002)

tachykinin

(Jékely et al., 2018, Asahina, 2017, Chen et al., 2016, Asahina et al., 2014, Veenstra and Ida, 2014, Nässel et al., 2013, Cardoso et al., 2012, Birse et al., 2011, Kahsai and Winther, 2011, Takashima et al., 2011, Kahsai et al., 2010, Kahsai et al., 2010, Winther and Ignell, 2010, Veenstra, 2009, Winther et al., 2006)

tachykinin-1

(Hector et al., 2009)

tachykinin-3

(Jorgensen et al., 2006, Cazzamali et al., 2003, Egerod et al., 2003, Egerod et al., 2003, Rosenkilde et al., 2003, Iversen et al., 2002, Iversen et al., 2002)

tachykinin-6

(Poels et al., 2009)

tachykinin-like peptide

(Santos et al., 2007)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 40 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

41456

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

Q9VGE8

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Q9VGE8

UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

A0A0B4KFT7

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

Q9VGE8

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0037976

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

41456/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0037976

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0037976

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0037976

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG14734

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

41456

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

66573

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0037976

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0037976

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0037976

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

Tk_1

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0037976

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0037976

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG14734

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0037976

iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

TC005685

Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution

Interactive Fly

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

41456

References (199)

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

-0.83

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