FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\E(Pc)
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\E(Pc)
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Enhancer of Polycomb
Annotation Symbol
CG7776
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0000581
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
17 publicly available
Gene Summary
Enhancer of Polycomb (E(Pc)) encodes a chromatin protein that functions as a suppressor of position-effect variegation. An unusual member of the Polycomb group; it does not exhibit homeotic transformations on its own, but rather enhances mutations in other Polycomb group genes. It forms part of the TIP60 histone acetyltransferase complex, which has been involved in many processes, including both transcriptional activation and repression. [Date last reviewed: 2019-09-26] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
47F13-47F15
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-64
RefSeq locus
NT_033778 REGION:11452043..11465270
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (9 terms)
Molecular Function (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables protein-macromolecule adaptor activity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000382618
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Biological Process (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in chromatin organization
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Sinclair et al., 1998)
involved_in dendrite guidance
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Tea and Luo, 2011)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in chromatin organization
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000382618
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000382618
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR024943
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Cellular Component (5 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of histone acetyltransferase complex
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:pont; FB:FBgn0040078
(Kusch et al., 2004)
part_of NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex
inferred from direct assay
(Kusch et al., 2004)
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Kusch et al., 2004)
located_in polytene chromosome
inferred from direct assay
(Stankunas et al., 1998)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR024943
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000382618
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
part_of piccolo histone acetyltransferase complex
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000382618
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Enhancer of Polycomb (E(Pc)) encodes a chromatin protein that functions as a suppressor of position-effect variegation. An unusual member of the Polycomb group; it does not exhibit homeotic transformations on its own, but rather enhances mutations in other Polycomb group genes. It forms part of the TIP60 histone acetyltransferase complex, which has been involved in many processes, including both transcriptional activation and repression. [Date last reviewed: 2019-09-26]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
TIP60 COMPLEX -
The Tip60 chromatin remodeling complex acetylates nucleosomal phospho-histone H2Av and exchanges it with unmodified H2Av. (Adapted from FBrf0185742).
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
E(Pc): Enhancer of Polycomb (R. Denell)
Although E(Pc) heterozygotes are cuticularly normal as larvae and adults, the mutation acts zygotically as a dominant enhancer of the adult homoeotic syndrome of flies heterozygous for Polycomb mutations or Df(3L)Pc-MK. The locus is haplo-abnormal, as heterozygous deficiencies of the E(Pc) locus have an equivalent effect. Heterozygosity for E(Pc) or a deficiency also enhances the adult homoeotic syndrome of Polycomblike mutation or deficiency heterozygotes, and renders the normally recessive mutations esc and l(4)29 slightly pseudodominant, but has no effect on phenotypes associated with AntpNs, Antp73b, AntpScx, AntpEfW15, ScrMsc, Cbx, Ubx, bx34e or abx bx3 pbx heterozygotes. E(Pc) is a recessive lethal mutation; homozygotes and hemizygotes die as late embryos or larvae, which appear cuticularly normal. E(Pc) has dominant maternal as well as zygotic effect on the severity of the embryonic homoeotic syndrome of Pc3 or Df(3L)Pc-MK homozygotes. Zygotic homozygosity for E(Pc) also enhances the embryonic effects of PclW4, PclW5, and PclW6, and E(Pc); l(4)29 doubly homozygous embryos from heterozygous mothers show incomplete head involution, presumably due to a cryptic homoeotic effect.
Summary (Interactive Fly)

novel Polycomb group protein and a suppressor of position effect variegation - acts with extra sex combs to increase homologous recombination in somatic cells

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
5
Number of Unique Polypeptides
4

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\E(Pc) for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry A0A0B4KFP2)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Double stop-codon suppression (UGA, UAA) postulated; FBrf0216884.

Gene model reviewed during 5.44

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.49

Tissue-specific extension of 3' UTRs observed during later stages (FBrf0218523, FBrf0219848); all variants may not be annotated

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
E(Pc)-RA
FBtr0088139
NM_078974
9408
2023
E(Pc)-RB
FBtr0088140
NM_165836
9325
2023
E(Pc)-RC
FBtr0330621
NM_001273966
10423
1974
E(Pc)-RD
FBtr0330622
NM_001273967
9554
2033
E(Pc)-RE
FBtr0330623
NM_001273968
10794
2097
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

8.5, 5.2 (northern blot)

(Stankunas et al., 1998)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
E(Pc)-PA
FBpp0087238
220.9
2023
6.04
Q0E9C2
NP_523698
AAF58641
E(Pc)-PB
FBpp0087239
220.9
2023
6.04
Q0E9C2
NP_725054
AAM68743
E(Pc)-PC
FBpp0303471
216.4
1974
6.16
A0A0B4KEK1
NP_001260895
AGB93428
E(Pc)-PD
FBpp0303472
221.7
2033
5.95
A0A0B4KET9
NP_001260896
AGB93429
E(Pc)-PE
FBpp0303473
228.4
2097
6.00
A0A0B4KFP2
NP_001260897
AGB93430
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

2023 aa isoforms: E(Pc)-PA, E(Pc)-PB
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

2023 (aa); 220 (kD predicted)

(Stankunas et al., 1998)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\E(Pc) using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.05

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 4 -- 6
organism | faint | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 7 -- 8
organism | faint | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
organism | faint | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
organism | faint | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
third instar larval stage
optic lobe neuroepithelial cell
(Wang et al., 2013)
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage -- adult stage
(Stankunas et al., 1998)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system
(Stankunas et al., 1998)
organism | ubiquitous
(Stankunas et al., 1998)
Additional Descriptive Data

E(Pc) protein is ubiquitously distributed in embryos. Later in embryogenesis, it is more abundant in the CNS than in other tissues.

(Stankunas et al., 1998)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of histone acetyltransferase complex
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:pont; FB:FBgn0040078
(Kusch et al., 2004)
part_of NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex
inferred from direct assay
(Kusch et al., 2004)
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Kusch et al., 2004)
located_in polytene chromosome
inferred from direct assay
(Stankunas et al., 1998)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\E(Pc) in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 1-3
  • Stages(s) 4-6
  • Stages(s) 7-8
  • Stages(s) 9-10
  • Stages(s) 11-12
  • Stages(s) 13-16
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 19 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 9 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of E(Pc)
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of E(Pc)
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 12 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI
lethal (with Df(2R)BSC160)
lethal | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
lethal | recessive
lethal - all die before end of larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU
partially lethal - majority die | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal cytokinesis | spermatogenesis, with Scer\GAL4VP16.bam
abnormal neuroanatomy | recessive
abnormal size | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4ey.PH
decreased cell number | recessive
decreased cell number | spermatogenesis, with Scer\GAL4NP1624
decreased size | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4ey.PU
increased cell number | clone of cells | spermatogenesis, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PU
increased cell number | somatic clone | spermatogenesis
increased cell number | spermatogenesis, with E(Pc)1, Scer\GAL4NP1624
increased cell number | spermatogenesis, with E(Pc)JF03101, Scer\GAL4NP1624
increased cell number | spermatogenesis, with Scer\GAL4NP1624
neoplasia | spermatogenesis, with E(Pc)1, Scer\GAL4NP1624
neoplasia | spermatogenesis, with E(Pc)JF03101, Scer\GAL4NP1624
neoplasia | spermatogenesis, with Scer\GAL4NP1624
radiation resistant | dominant
some die during pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4ey.PH
suppressor of variegation, with In(1)wm4
suppressor of variegation, with T(2;3)SbV
suppressor of variegation | dominant, with Dp(1;Y)BarSCV
suppressor of variegation | dominant, with In(1)wm4
suppressor of variegation | dominant, with In(2R)bwVDe2
suppressor of variegation | dominant, with T(2;3)SbV
visible, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4en.PU
visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4ey.PH
visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4ey.PU
visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4nub.PK
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
adult antennal lobe projection neuron DL1 adPN
chromatin | spermatogenesis, with Scer\GAL4VP16.bam
cyst progenitor cell, with Scer\GAL4NP1624
cyst progenitor cell | clone of cells | increased number, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PU
cyst progenitor cell | increased number, with E(Pc)1, Scer\GAL4NP1624
cyst progenitor cell | increased number, with E(Pc)JF03101, Scer\GAL4NP1624
cyst progenitor cell | increased number, with Scer\GAL4NP1624
cyst progenitor cell | somatic clone
embryonic/larval salivary gland | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU
eye, with Scer\GAL4ey.PH
eye, with Scer\GAL4ey.PU
eye, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
male germline cell | increased number, with Scer\GAL4NP1624
male germline cell | somatic clone | increased number
male germline stem cell, with Scer\GAL4NP1624
male germline stem cell | increased number, with Scer\GAL4NP1624
meiotic spindle | spermatogenesis, with Scer\GAL4VP16.bam
mesonotum, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
polytene chromosome | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU
posterior crossvein, with Scer\GAL4en.PU
spermatogonial cyst, with Scer\GAL4NP1624
testis, with Scer\GAL4NP1624
trichogen cell, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
wing blade, with Scer\GAL4en.PU
wing blade, with Scer\GAL4nub.PK
wing vein, with Scer\GAL4en.PU
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (2)
Hsap\EPC1
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
Hsap\EPC2
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (2)
Rnor\Epc2
10 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Epc1
8 of 14
No
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (2)
Mmus\Epc1
10 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Epc2
10 of 14
Yes
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (3)
Xtro\epc2
7 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\epc1
4 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\ddx21
1 of 13
No
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (3)
Drer\epc1b
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\epc2
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\epc1a
10 of 14
No
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)
Cele\epc-1
8 of 14
Yes
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP008026
9 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (3)
Atha\AT1G16690
6 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\AT1G79020
6 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\AT5G04670
2 of 13
No
Yes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (1)
Scer\EPL1
9 of 13
Yes
Yes
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)
Spom\epl1
8 of 12
Yes
Yes
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:E(Pc). Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 4 )
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    EPC1; enhancer of polycomb 1
    11 of 14
    610999
        EPC2; enhancer of polycomb 2
        11 of 14
        611000
            Functional Complementation Data
            Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
            Interactions
            Summary of Physical Interactions
            Summary of Genetic Interactions
            Interaction Browsers
            View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
            Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
            Starting gene(s)
            Interaction type
            Interacting gene(s)
            Reference
            E(Pc)
            enhanceable
            aop
            (Feng et al., 2017)
            E(Pc)
            suppressible
            aop
            (Feng et al., 2017)
            E(Pc)
            enhanceable
            E(z)
            (Feng et al., 2017)
            E(Pc)
            enhanceable
            Egfr
            (Feng et al., 2017)
            E(Pc)
            suppressible
            htt
            (Dietz et al., 2015)
            E(Pc)
            enhanceable
            Tip60
            (Feng et al., 2017)
            Starting gene(s)
            Interaction type
            Interacting gene(s)
            Reference
            ash1|trx
            enhanceable
            E(Pc)
            (Gildea et al., 2000)
            CycE
            enhanceable
            E(Pc)
            (Brumby et al., 2002)
            dom
            enhanceable
            E(Pc)
            (Kwon et al., 2013)
            Dref
            suppressible
            E(Pc)
            (Hirose et al., 2001)
            E2f1
            enhanceable
            E(Pc)
            (Ji et al., 2012)
            E2f1
            suppressible
            E(Pc)
            (Ji et al., 2012)
            E(z)
            suppressible
            E(Pc)
            (Bajusz et al., 2001)
            E(z)
            enhanceable
            E(Pc)
            (Bajusz et al., 2001)
            esc
            enhanceable
            E(Pc)
            (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)
            lt
            enhanceable
            Su(var)205|E(Pc)
            (Clegg et al., 1998)
            lt
            enhanceable
            Su(var)208|E(Pc)
            (Clegg et al., 1998)
            Marcal1
            suppressible
            E(Pc)
            (Morimoto et al., 2016)
            Pc
            enhanceable
            E(Pc)
            (Sinclair et al., 1998, Stankunas et al., 1998, Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)
            Pcl
            enhanceable
            E(Pc)
            (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)
            pho
            enhanceable
            E(Pc)
            (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)
            rpr
            enhanceable
            E(Pc)
            (Harris et al., 2020)
            Tip60
            enhanceable
            E(Pc)
            (Feng et al., 2017)
            trx|brm
            enhanceable
            E(Pc)
            (Gildea et al., 2000)
            w
            suppressible
            E(Pc)
            (Bloyer et al., 2003, Netter et al., 1998)
            External Data
            Linkouts
            BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
            DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
            MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
            MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
            Pathways
            Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
            Metabolic Pathways
            FlyBase
            External Links
            External Data
            Linkouts
            KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
            Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
            Class of Gene
            Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
            Chromosome (arm)
            2R
            Recombination map
            2-64
            Cytogenetic map
            47F13-47F15
            Sequence location
            FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
            Cytogenetic map
            Evidence for location
            47F13-47F15
            Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}Tapδk17005&P{lacW}k05103 and P{lacW}l(2)k13403k13403&P{lacW}Egmk14708;
            Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
            Cytogenetic map
            Notes
            References
            48A-48A
            (Stankunas, 1998.7.22, Kassis, 1994, Drees et al., 1987)
            Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
            Location

            2-64

            (FlyBase, 2016)

            2-64.5

            (Comeron et al., 2012)

            2-

            (Drees et al., 1987)

            2-61.9

            Left of (cM)
            Right of (cM)
            Notes
            Stocks and Reagents
            Stocks (17)
            Genomic Clones (24)
            cDNA Clones (63)
             

            Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

            cDNA clones, fully sequenced
            BDGP DGC clones
            Other clones
              Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

              For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

              cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
              BDGP DGC clones
              Other clones
              RNAi and Array Information
              Linkouts
              DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
              Antibody Information
              Laboratory Generated Antibodies
               

              polyclonal

              (Kusch et al., 2004, Stankunas et al., 1998)
              Commercially Available Antibodies
               
              Cell Line Information
              Publicly Available Cell Lines
               
                Other Stable Cell Lines
                 
                  Other Comments

                  Mutations in E(Pc) suppress position effect variegation.

                  (Sinclair et al., 1998)

                  Genetic interactions have been demonstrated between esc, Asx, E(Pc), Pcl, E(z) and sxc. Most duplications of Pc-group genes neither exhibit anterior transformations nor suppress the extra sex comb phenotype of Pc-group mutations, suggesting that not all Pc-group genes behave as predicted by the mass action model.

                  (Campbell et al., 1995)

                  Sections of the Scr regulatory region may be important for regulation of Scr by Polycomb- and trithorax-group genes.

                  (Gindhart and Kaufman, 1995)

                  Mosaic and expression pattern analysis reveals that the Pc-group genes do not act only in a common complex or pathway: they must have some independent functions.

                  (Soto et al., 1995)

                  Embryos mutant for two or more Pc group genes (Pc, Scm, Pcl, Psc, Asx, E(Pc), E(z), ph-d, pho and esc) show strong ectopic en expression, but only weak derepression occurs if embryo is mutant at only one of the Pc group genes. This effect is independent of the function of en itself, and wg.

                  (Moazed and O'Farrell, 1992)

                  Transcription unit defined during molecular analysis of the en-inv gene region.

                  (Drees et al., 1987)
                  Relationship to Other Genes
                  Source for database merge of
                  Additional comments
                  Nomenclature History
                  Source for database identify of
                  Nomenclature comments
                  Etymology
                  Synonyms and Secondary IDs (16)
                  Reported As
                  Symbol Synonym
                  CG7776
                  (Hosono et al., 2015, Ni et al., 2011.7.19, Perkins et al., 2009, Klebes et al., 2005, Kusch et al., 2004)
                  E(PC)
                  (Schwartz and Pirrotta, 2007)
                  E(Pc)
                  (Li et al., 2025, Martinez, 2025, Kiss et al., 2024, Barbaste et al., 2023, Kang et al., 2022, Gavory et al., 2021, Parkhitko et al., 2021, Prozzillo et al., 2021, Vidaurre and Chen, 2021, Han et al., 2020, Bailetti et al., 2019, De et al., 2019, Herrera and Bach, 2019, Leatham-Jensen et al., 2019, Gene Disruption Project members, 2018-, McCarthy et al., 2018, Searle and Pillus, 2018, Feng et al., 2017, Ruan et al., 2017, Sharma et al., 2017, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Morimoto et al., 2016, Dietz et al., 2015, Ghasemi et al., 2015, Kavi et al., 2015, Vedanayagam and Garrigan, 2015, Gao et al., 2014, Zhang et al., 2014, Kwon et al., 2013, Neumüller et al., 2013, Wang et al., 2013, Follmer et al., 2012, Ji et al., 2012, Jungreis et al., 2011, Tea and Luo, 2011, Arancio et al., 2010, Mourikis et al., 2010, Saj et al., 2010, Clapier and Cairns, 2009, Kwon et al., 2009, Owusu-Ansah and Banerjee, 2009, Chen et al., 2008, Christensen et al., 2008.10.20, DeVido et al., 2008, Hanai et al., 2008, Secombe et al., 2007, Bouazoune and Brehm, 2006, Christensen and Cook, 2006.8.29, Comet et al., 2006, Holmes et al., 2006, Jin, 2005, Ali and Bender, 2004, Kusch et al., 2004, Balasov, 2002, Joanis and Lloyd, 2002, Hirose et al., 2001)
                  E(pc)
                  (Harris et al., 2020)
                  EN2-2
                  (Gavory et al., 2021)
                  GH05739
                  (Herold et al., 2003)
                  GH14582
                  (Herold et al., 2003)
                  III
                  (Drees et al., 1987)
                  anon-48Ac
                  e(Pc)
                  (Smulders-Srinivasan et al., 2010, Kassis, 1994)
                  e(pc)
                  (Smibert et al., 2012)
                  l(2)28-28-12
                  Name Synonyms
                  Enhancer of NA9 2-2
                  (Gavory et al., 2021)
                  Enhancer of Polycomb
                  (Csordás et al., 2021, Feng et al., 2017, Gao et al., 2014, Wang et al., 2013, Ali and Bender, 2004, Balasov, 2002)
                  Enhancer of polycomb
                  (Owusu-Ansah and Banerjee, 2009)
                  transcript group III
                  (Drees et al., 1987)
                  Secondary FlyBase IDs
                  • FBgn0015874
                  Datasets (0)
                  Study focus (0)
                  Experimental Role
                  Project
                  Project Type
                  Title
                  Study result (0)
                  Result
                  Result Type
                  Title
                  External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 64 )
                  Sequence Crossreferences
                  NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                  GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                  GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                  RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                  UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                  UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                  Other crossreferences
                  AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                  BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
                  DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                  EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                  FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                  FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
                  InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
                  KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                  MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                  Linkouts
                  BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                  Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
                  DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                  DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                  Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
                  FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                  FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                  Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
                  Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
                  iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
                  Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
                  KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
                  MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                  MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                  Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
                  References (154)