FlyBase Allele Report: Dmel\gl[3]

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\gl³

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

FlyBase ID

FBal0005042

Feature type

allele

Associated gene

Dmel\gl

Associated Insertion(s)

Carried in Construct

Key Links

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Allele class

Mutagen

spontaneous

Nature of the Allele

Allele class

Mutagen

spontaneous

(Ma et al., 1996, Moses et al., 1989)

Progenitor genotype

Cytology

Description

Insertion of about 2.5kb of unknown DNA (maybe a transposable element).

(Ma et al., 1996)

Insertion of about 2.5kb of unknown DNA into the gl locus.

(Moses et al., 1989)

Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Curation Data

Type

Location

Additional Notes

References

insertion

3R:18,371,585..18,372,978 [-]

Linked to:

XhoI-XhoI restriction fragment

Comment:

An insertion of about 2.5kb is within a XhoI fragment; position of restriction fragment on reference sequence inferred by FlyBase curator.

(Moses et al., 1989)

Variant Molecular Consequences

Associated Sequence Data

DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank

DNA sequence

Protein sequence

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Expression Data

Reporter Expression

Additional Information

Statement

Reference

Marker for

Reflects expression of

Reporter construct used in assay

Human Disease Associations

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease

Interaction

References

Comments on Models/Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease-implicated variant(s)

Phenotypic Data

Phenotypic Class

Phenotype Manifest In

cone cell | P-stage

(Liang et al., 2016)

eye

(Liang et al., 2016, Ma et al., 1996, Stark and Carlson, 1991)

eye (with gl^60j)

(Liang et al., 2016)

eye disc | third instar larval stage

(Liang et al., 2016)

eye photoreceptor cell | adult stage

(Liang et al., 2016)

eye photoreceptor cell | adult stage (with gl^60j)

(Liang et al., 2016)

eye photoreceptor cell | P-stage

(Liang et al., 2016)

eye photoreceptor cell | third instar larval stage

(Liang et al., 2016)

ocellar retinula cell

(Stark and Carlson, 1991)

ocellus lens

(Stark and Carlson, 1991)

ocellus pigment granule

ommatidium | adult stage

(Liang et al., 2016)

ommatidium | adult stage (with gl^60j)

(Liang et al., 2016)

ommatidium | P-stage

(Liang et al., 2016)

photoreceptor neuron | P-stage

(Moses et al., 1989)

photoreceptor neuron | P-stage (with gl^60j)

(Liang et al., 2016)

pigment cell

primary pigment cell | P-stage

(Liang et al., 2016)

retina

(Bernardo-Garcia et al., 2016)

rhabdomere | adult stage

(Liang et al., 2016)

rhabdomere | adult stage (with gl^60j)

(Liang et al., 2016)

Detailed Description

Statement

Reference

In gl³ mutants, cellular structure of the retina is disorganized, although photoreceptor neurons survive metamorphosis and are still present in the adult retina, in contrast to previous reports.

(Bernardo-Garcia et al., 2016)

gl³/gl³ and gl³/gl^60j mutant adults possess fewer and fused ommatidia, and boundaries between ommatidia are difficult to distinguish, as compared to wild type.

gl³/gl³ mutant adults possess few differentiated photoreceptors, but rhabdomeres are morphologically disrupted, smaller and malformed, as compared to wild type. gl³/gl³ mutant third instar larvae display disrupted photoreceptor cluster patterning in the eye imaginal disc. At 48 h APF, gl³/gl³ mutants possess all expected cell types, photoreceptors, cone and pigment cells, as compared to wild type, however no ommatidia contains the correct number of each retinal cell type, there is complete disruption of organization of retinal cells into distinct identifiable ommatidia, and cone and primary pigment cells are either too few or too many in number.

At 96 h APF, gl³/gl^60j mutants display increased cell death of photoreceptors in the retina.

(Liang et al., 2016)

In contrast to wild-type, gl³ mutants fail to exhibit any light-dependent temperature preference.

(Head et al., 2015)

Compound action potentials can be evoked by sound in the antennal nerve of mutant flies, but the sound particle velocities required to elicit the response is increased compared to wild type. Nonlinear mechanical amplification is significantly reduced compared to wild type.

(Senthilan et al., 2012)

Intermediate eye phenotype.

(Ma et al., 1996)

Displays locomotor activity rhythm with an approximately 24h period.

(Vosshall and Young, 1995)

Weak allele. The eye is disorganised. Corneal hairs and red pigment granules are only present in the centre of the eye. The ocellar lenses are normal in size, but lack the bulge of the wild-type, and have small protuberances. There are no ocellar retinula cells. The lenses of the compound eye and ocelli are roughened with "corneal nipples".

(Stark and Carlson, 1991)

Photoreceptor cells degenerate and die in the mid-pupal stage at the time when they would normally be producing rhabdomeres (FBrf0074259).

(Moses et al., 1989)

Adult eye is rough, reduced and has a glassy texture. Irregular ommatidia pattern, no rhabdomeres and masses of pigment granules.

(Renfranz and Benzer, 1989)

Malpighian tubule colour: wild-type.

(Bridges and Brehme, 1944)

Weak allele. Eyes small and elliptical with surface less rough than gl¹ or gl². Eye colour: homogeneous scarlet. Ocellus colour: colourless. RK1.

External Data

Linkouts

Interactions

Show genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors

Phenotypic Class

NOT suppressed by

Statement

Reference

gl³ has visible | adult stage phenotype, non-suppressible by Pph13^hs.PL

(Liang et al., 2016)

NOT Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

gl³/gl[+] is a non-enhancer of visible | heat sensitive phenotype of peb¹

(Wilk et al., 2004)

NOT Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

gl³/gl[+] is a non-suppressor of visible | heat sensitive phenotype of peb¹

(Wilk et al., 2004)

Phenotype Manifest In

Enhanced by

Statement

Reference

gl³ has phenotype, enhanceable by E(gl)3B^SCG1

(Ma et al., 1996)

gl³ has phenotype, enhanceable by E(gl)3C^SCG1

(Ma et al., 1996)

gl³ has phenotype, enhanceable by E(gl)3D^SC1

(Ma et al., 1996)

gl³ has phenotype, enhanceable by E(gl)3D^SCG1

(Ma et al., 1996)

gl³ has phenotype, enhanceable by N^l1N-ts1

(Ma et al., 1996)

gl³ has phenotype, enhanceable by N^spl-1

(Ma et al., 1996)

gl³ has phenotype, enhanceable by dog^SC1

(Ma et al., 1996)

gl³ has phenotype, enhanceable by dog^SC2

(Ma et al., 1996)

gl³ has phenotype, enhanceable by hry^SCG1

(Ma et al., 1996)

gl³ has phenotype, enhanceable by hh^SC10

(Ma et al., 1996)

gl³ has phenotype, enhanceable by E(gl)2A^SC1

(Ma et al., 1996)

gl³ has phenotype, enhanceable by hh^SC11

(Ma et al., 1996)

gl³ has phenotype, enhanceable by hh^SC12

(Ma et al., 1996)

gl³ has phenotype, enhanceable by hh^SC13

(Ma et al., 1996)

gl³ has phenotype, enhanceable by hh^SC14

(Ma et al., 1996)

gl³ has phenotype, enhanceable by hh^SC15

(Ma et al., 1996)

gl³ has phenotype, enhanceable by hh^SC16

(Ma et al., 1996)

gl³ has phenotype, enhanceable by hh^SC17

(Ma et al., 1996)

gl³ has phenotype, enhanceable by hh^SC18

(Ma et al., 1996)

gl³ has phenotype, enhanceable by hh^SC19

(Ma et al., 1996)

gl³ has phenotype, enhanceable by hh^SC1

(Ma et al., 1996)

gl³ has phenotype, enhanceable by E(gl)2B^SC1

(Ma et al., 1996)

gl³ has phenotype, enhanceable by hh^SC20

(Ma et al., 1996)

gl³ has phenotype, enhanceable by hh^SC21

(Ma et al., 1996)

gl³ has phenotype, enhanceable by hh^SC2

(Ma et al., 1996)

gl³ has phenotype, enhanceable by hh^SC3

(Ma et al., 1996)

gl³ has phenotype, enhanceable by hh^SC4

(Ma et al., 1996)

gl³ has phenotype, enhanceable by hh^SC5

(Ma et al., 1996)

gl³ has phenotype, enhanceable by hh^SC6

(Ma et al., 1996)

gl³ has phenotype, enhanceable by hh^SC7

(Ma et al., 1996)

gl³ has phenotype, enhanceable by hh^SC8

(Ma et al., 1996)

gl³ has phenotype, enhanceable by hh^SC9

(Ma et al., 1996)

gl³ has phenotype, enhanceable by E(gl)2C^SC1

(Ma et al., 1996)

gl³ has phenotype, enhanceable by hh^SCG1

(Ma et al., 1996)

gl³ has phenotype, enhanceable by hh^SCG2

(Ma et al., 1996)

gl³ has phenotype, enhanceable by hh^SCG3

(Ma et al., 1996)

gl³ has phenotype, enhanceable by hh^fse

(Ma et al., 1996)

gl³ has phenotype, enhanceable by hh^ts2

(Ma et al., 1996)

gl³ has phenotype, enhanceable by Df(3R)rn20

(Ma et al., 1996)

gl³ has phenotype, enhanceable by rn^roe-1

(Ma et al., 1996)

gl³ has phenotype, enhanceable by rn^roe-3

(Ma et al., 1996)

gl³ has phenotype, enhanceable by rn^roe-4

(Ma et al., 1996)

gl³ has phenotype, enhanceable by rn^roe-SC1

(Ma et al., 1996)

gl³ has phenotype, enhanceable by E(gl)2D^SC1

(Ma et al., 1996)

gl³ has phenotype, enhanceable by E(gl)2E^SC1

(Ma et al., 1996)

gl³ has phenotype, enhanceable by E(gl)2F^SC1

(Ma et al., 1996)

gl³ has phenotype, enhanceable by E(gl)2H^SC1

(Ma et al., 1996)

gl³ has phenotype, enhanceable by E(gl)3A^SC1

(Ma et al., 1996)

Suppressed by

Statement

Reference

gl³ has eye photoreceptor cell | P-stage phenotype, suppressible by Pph13^hs.PL

(Liang et al., 2016)

gl³ has rhabdomere phenotype, suppressible by Pph13^hs.PL

(Liang et al., 2016)

gl³ has ommatidium | P-stage phenotype, suppressible by Pph13^hs.PL

(Liang et al., 2016)

NOT suppressed by

Statement

Reference

gl³ has eye phenotype, non-suppressible by Pph13^hs.PL

(Liang et al., 2016)

NOT Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

gl³/gl[+] is a non-enhancer of eye | heat sensitive phenotype of peb¹

(Wilk et al., 2004)

NOT Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

gl³/gl[+] is a non-suppressor of eye | heat sensitive phenotype of peb¹

(Wilk et al., 2004)

Additional Comments

Genetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

Pulsing Pph13^hs.PL expression using heat shocks rescues photoreceptor differentiation in gl³/gl³ mutant retinas, as indicated by the presence of definable rhabdomeres at 96 h APF, but does not further disrupt or rescue overall eye morphology of gl³/gl³ mutants.

(Liang et al., 2016)

The enlarged eye phenotype seen in flies carrying one copy of upd1^GMR.PB is suppressed by one copy of gl³.

(Bach et al., 2003)

Xenogenetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

Complementation and Rescue Data

Fails to complement

gl^SAE-9

(Mahoney et al., 2006)

Rescued by

gl³ is rescued by gl^+t9954

(Head et al., 2015)

Partially rescued by

gl³ is partially rescued by gl^hs.PL

(Liang et al., 2016)

gl³/gl^60j is partially rescued by gl^GFP.FPTB

(Liang et al., 2016)

Comments

Periodic pulses after 24 h APF of gl^hs.PL using heat shocks neither rescues or induces additional defects with respect to eye morphology, but restores photoreceptor differentiation in gl³/gl³ mutant retinas, as indicated by the presence of rhabdomeres separated by a distinct inter-rhabdomeral space, although many of these ommatidia still do not contain the full complement of eight photoreceptors.

Expression of a single copy of gl^{T:Avic\GFP-SF,T:Zzzz\FLAG,T:Zzzz\PSP.CS,T:Zzzz\TEV.CS,T:Zzzz\BLRP} rescues the overall external morphology of the eye, but not the photoreceptor differentiation defects of adult gl³/gl^60j mutants.

(Liang et al., 2016)

Normal light-dependent temperature preference and DN1p neurons are restored in gl³ mutants by gl^+t9954.

(Head et al., 2015)

Images (1)

Holtzman, S. and Kaufman, T. (2013)

Mutant

Wild-type

Stocks (11)

Bloomington

508

gl³

35561

P{gl(10kbSal)}1; gl³ ry⁵⁰⁶

4147

w¹¹¹⁸; Opl^SC1/CyO; gl³

1255

TM6B, Dr^Mio Tb⁺/Ubx^Cbx-1 Ubx¹ gl³

4145

w¹¹¹⁸; dog^SC2 gl³/TM6B, gl^BS1 Tb¹

4148

w¹¹¹⁸; Pas^SC1 gl³/TM6B, gl^BS1 Tb¹

5195

y¹ w^*; D^* gl³/TM3, P{GAL4-Kr.C}DC2, P{UAS-GFP.S65T}DC10, Sb¹

Kyoto

105948

gl³

102023

w¹¹¹⁸ ; S^SC2 / CyO ; gl³ e^s

108943

TM6B, Dr^Mio Tb⁺/Ubx^Cbx-1 Ubx¹ gl³

108097

y¹ w^*; D^* gl³/TM3, P{GAL4-Kr.C}DC2, P{UAS-GFP.S65T}DC10, Sb¹

Notes on Origin

Discoverer

Stern.

Comments

Weak gl allele.

(Moses et al., 1989)

In a screen for dominant suppressors of hh, 25 out of 84 mutations recovered were at hh.

(Ma et al., 1993)

No interaction with P{sev-svp1} or P{sev-svp2} exists.

(Begemann et al., 1995)

Weak gl mutation.

(Ma et al., 1996)

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 0 )

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (5)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

gl³

(Zelhof et al., 2020, Bernardo-Garcia et al., 2016, Liang et al., 2016, Head et al., 2015, Xu et al., 2015, Senthilan et al., 2012, Mahoney et al., 2006)

gla³

(Wang et al., 2008)

glass₃

(Yarfitz et al., 1991)

Name Synonyms

rauhig

Secondary FlyBase IDs

References (27)

Report Sections

Open Close