FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\ppan
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\ppan
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
peter pan
Annotation Symbol
CG5786
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0010770
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
11 publicly available
Gene Summary
Required for initiation of larval growth and normal mitotic growth but is not absolutely required for general biosynthesis or DNA replication. Required for progression of normal oogenesis and maturation of some imaginal tissues into adult structures. (UniProt, Q9VDE5)
Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.
All Summaries
Also Known As

l(3)02231

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
93B13-93B13
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-70
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:21116254..21117899
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (7 terms)
Molecular Function (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables rRNA binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR007109
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000292112
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Biological Process (5 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in female gamete generation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Migeon et al., 1999)
involved_in imaginal disc development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Migeon et al., 1999)
involved_in larval development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Migeon et al., 1999)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in maturation of LSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000292112
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in rRNA processing
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR007109
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Cellular Component (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of preribosome, large subunit precursor
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000292112
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the PPAN family. (Q9VDE5)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Required for initiation of larval growth and normal mitotic growth but is not absolutely required for general biosynthesis or DNA replication. Required for progression of normal oogenesis and maturation of some imaginal tissues into adult structures.
(UniProt, Q9VDE5)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\ppan for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9VDE5)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.44

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
ppan-RA
FBtr0084012
NM_057631
1477
460
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

1.527 (sequence analysis)

(Migeon et al., 1999)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
ppan-PA
FBpp0083415
53.1
460
10.47
Q9VDE5
NP_476979
AAF55851
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

460 (aa)

(Migeon et al., 1999)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\ppan using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.19

Transcript Expression
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
organism | ubiquitous
(Migeon et al., 1999)
(Migeon et al., 1999)
adult stage & oogenesis
(Migeon et al., 1999)
Additional Descriptive Data

ppan transcripts are detected in ovaries and embryos on northern blots. ppan transcripts are ubiquitously distributed in embryos. Levels are highest in early embryos.

(Migeon et al., 1999)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\ppan in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 6 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 11 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of ppan
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of ppan
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 2 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 2 )
Gene disrupted in
Df(3R)BSC508
(Christensen et al., 2008.4.15)
Df(3R)e-R1
(Spradling et al., 1999, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
Inferred from location ( 2 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
lethal | recessive
partially lethal - majority die, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal cell number | germline clone | oogenesis
abnormal developmental rate
abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
decreased body size | larval stage
decreased cell number | larval stage | somatic clone
decreased occurrence of cell division | larval stage
decreased size | adult stage
increased cell death, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
increased cell death | larval stage | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU
some die during embryonic stage
some die during first instar larval stage
some die during pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
visible, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
visible, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
visible, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
wild-type
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
adult cuticle | somatic clone
egg
egg | germline clone
eye | somatic clone
ganglion mother cell | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
larval neuroblast | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
mesonotum, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
nurse cell
oocyte
scutellar bristle
wing, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
wing, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
wing | dorsal, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
wing | posterior, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
wing disc, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
wing disc | larval stage | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU
wing hair & wing | dorsal, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
wing margin bristle | somatic clone
wing vein, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (2)
Hsap\PPAN
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Hsap\PPAN-P2RY11
12 of 14
No
Yes
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (1)
Rnor\Ppan
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (1)
Mmus\Ppan
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (1)
Xtro\ppan
10 of 13
Yes
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (1)
Drer\ppan
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (2)
Cele\lpd-6
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
Cele\M04F3.2
1 of 14
No
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP004556
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (1)
Atha\PPAN
13 of 13
Yes
Yes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (2)
Scer\SSF1
13 of 13
Yes
Yes
Scer\SSF2
13 of 13
Yes
Yes
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)
Spom\SPAC1B9.03c
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:ppan. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    PPAN; peter pan homolog
    13 of 14
    607793
        PPAN-P2RY11; PPAN-P2RY11 readthrough
        12 of 14
            Functional Complementation Data
            Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
            Interactions
            Summary of Physical Interactions
            Summary of Genetic Interactions
            Interaction Browsers
            Starting gene(s)
            Interaction type
            Interacting gene(s)
            Reference
            Starting gene(s)
            Interaction type
            Interacting gene(s)
            Reference
            External Data
            Linkouts
            DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
            MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
            Pathways
            Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
            Metabolic Pathways
            FlyBase
            External Links
            External Data
            Linkouts
            Class of Gene
            Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
            Chromosome (arm)
            3R
            Recombination map
            3-70
            Cytogenetic map
            93B13-93B13
            Sequence location
            FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
            Cytogenetic map
            Evidence for location
            93B13-93B13
            Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}Atpα01164 and P{PZ}mod(mdg4)07038&P{lacW}mod(mdg4)L3101
            Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
            Cytogenetic map
            Notes
            References
            93B10-93B11
            (Migeon, 1998.10.29, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
            93B10-93B11
            (determined by in situ hybridisation)
            (Spradling et al., 1999)
            Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
            Location

            3-70

            (FlyBase, 2016)

            3-73.7

            (Comeron et al., 2012)
            Left of (cM)
            Right of (cM)
            Notes
            Stocks and Reagents
            Stocks (11)
            Genomic Clones (18)
             

            Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

            cDNA Clones (160)
             

            Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

            cDNA clones, fully sequenced
            BDGP DGC clones
            Other clones
              Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

              For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

              cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
              BDGP DGC clones
              Other clones
              RNAi and Array Information
              Linkouts
              DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
              Antibody Information
              Laboratory Generated Antibodies
               
              Commercially Available Antibodies
               
              Cell Line Information
              Publicly Available Cell Lines
               
                Other Stable Cell Lines
                 
                  Other Comments

                  dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene in combination with dsRNA against gig results in suppression of the final average cell size, with it being closer to the control average cell size, rather than the average cell size resulting from knockdown of the candidate gene alone.

                  (Guertin et al., 2006)

                  ppan is cell autonomous and is required for normal mitotic growth but is not absolutely required for general biosynthesis or DNA replication.

                  (Migeon et al., 1999)

                  Functionally complements S.cerevisiae Scer\SSF1 Scer\SSF2 double mutants.

                  (Migeon et al., 1999)
                  Relationship to Other Genes
                  Source for database merge of

                  Source for merge of: ppan l(3)02231

                  (Migeon et al., 1999)
                  Additional comments
                  Nomenclature History
                  Source for database identify of

                  Source for identity of: ppan CG5786

                  (Gong, 1999.11)
                  Nomenclature comments
                  Etymology
                  Synonyms and Secondary IDs (10)
                  Datasets (0)
                  Study focus (0)
                  Experimental Role
                  Project
                  Project Type
                  Title
                  Study result (0)
                  Result
                  Result Type
                  Title
                  External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 33 )
                  Sequence Crossreferences
                  NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                  GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                  GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                  RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                  UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                  UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                  UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                  Other crossreferences
                  AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                  DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                  EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                  FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                  FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
                  InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
                  KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                  MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                  Linkouts
                  Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
                  DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                  DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                  Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
                  FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                  FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                  Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
                  Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
                  iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
                  MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                  References (51)