FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\Alas
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Alas
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Aminolevulinate synthase
Annotation Symbol
CG3017
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0020764
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
13 publicly available
Enzyme Name (EC)
5-aminolevulinate synthase (2.3.1.37)
Gene Summary
Aminolevulinate synthase (Alas) encodes a mitochondrial enzyme involved in cuticle barrier formation and thought to have a role in Heme biosynthesis. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
60A14-60A14
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-105
RefSeq locus
NT_033778 REGION:23964772..23966757
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (8 terms)
Molecular Function (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables 5-aminolevulinate synthase activity
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR010961
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with RGD:2084
(Ruiz de Mena et al., 1999)
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000343737
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P09950
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
enables pyridoxal phosphate binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR004839, InterPro:IPR010961
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Biological Process (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in chitin-based cuticle development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Shaik et al., 2012)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in heme biosynthetic process
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000343737
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P09950
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
involved_in hemoglobin biosynthetic process
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000343740
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR010961
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Cellular Component (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in mitochondrial matrix
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P09950
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
is_active_in mitochondrion
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000343737
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Pathway (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)
5-aminolevulinate synthase activity
succinyl-CoA + glycine + H(+) = 5-aminolevulinate + CO2 + CoA (2.3.1.37)
RHEA 12921:
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Aminolevulinate synthase (Alas) encodes a mitochondrial enzyme involved in cuticle barrier formation and thought to have a role in Heme biosynthesis. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
SUCCINYLTRANSFERASES -
Succinyltransferases catalyze the transfer of succinyl (3-carboxypropanoyl) group to an acceptor molecule.
Pathway (FlyBase)
HEME BIOSYNTHESIS -
Heme biosynthesis begins in the mitochondrial matrix by the condensation of glycine and succinyl-CoA to produce 5-aminolevulinate (5-ALA). Following its transport to the cytosol, 5-ALA is used to form the porphyrinogen core which is further modified to produce coproporphyrinogen III. In the mitochondrial intermembrane space, coproporphyrinogen III is converted into protoporphyrinogen which is then transported across the mitochondrial inner membrane probably via an ATP-dependent transporter. In the mitochondrial matrix, ferrous iron is inserted into the porphyrin ring, resulting in heme b which can be further modified to produce heme o and heme a, all of which function as a prosthetic group in various proteins. (Adapted from PMID:38888238.)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Alas for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry O18680)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.43

Gene model reviewed during 5.52

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Alas-RA
FBtr0072151
NM_057933
1842
539
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Alas-PA
FBpp0072060
58.8
539
7.41
O18680
NP_477281
AAF47119
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Alas using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

0.52

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 3 -- 4
organism | ubiquitous | uniform

Comment: maternally deposited

(Ruiz de Mena et al., 1999)
embryonic stage 14 -- 17
embryonic/larval oenocyte
(Ruiz de Mena et al., 1999)
Bolwig organ primordium
(Ruiz de Mena et al., 1999)
third instar larval stage
ring gland
(Nakaoka et al., 2017)
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 1 -- 6
organism

Comment: 0-3 hr AEL

(Ruiz de Mena et al., 1999)
embryonic stage 11 -- 15
organism | faint

Comment: 6-12 hr AEL

(Ruiz de Mena et al., 1999)
embryonic stage 15 -- 17
organism

Comment: 12-24 hr AEL

(Ruiz de Mena et al., 1999)
adult stage
organism
(Ruiz de Mena et al., 1999)
RT-PCR
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
third instar larval stage
ring gland
(Nakaoka et al., 2017)
Additional Descriptive Data

Maternally contributed Alas transcript is present in embryos through syncytial blastoderm stage. Zygotic Alas transcript is undetectable via in situ until embryonic stage 14, when it begins to be expressed in a set of cells coinciding with oenocyte markers in in the distal part of each abdominal segment; and in two symmetrical groups of cells at the anterior of the embryo that coincide with markers for the Bolwig organ primordium.

(Ruiz de Mena et al., 1999)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult head
(Aradska et al., 2015)
western blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
organism
(Ruiz de Mena et al., 1999)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Alas in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 3 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 11 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Alas
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Alas
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 3 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 3 )
Gene partially disrupted in
Df(2R)Alas3b
(Shaik et al., 2012)
Gene disrupted in
Df(2R)Exel6080
(Ryder, 2004.4.26)
Df(2R)Exel7182
(Ryder, 2004.4.26)
Inferred from location ( 7 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal, with Scer\GAL4cry.PZ
lethal, with Scer\GAL4da.PU
lethal, with Scer\GAL4tim.PE
lethal, with Scer\GAL4VP16.mat.αTub67C, Scer\GAL4da.PU
lethal - all die before end of larval stage, with Scer\GAL42-286
partially lethal, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
partially lethal - majority die, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal body color | larval stage
abnormal developmental rate, with Scer\GAL4phtm.PU
decreased body size | first instar larval stage
increased body size | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4phtm.PU
increased size | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4phtm.PO
majority die during third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4phtm.PU
melanotic necrosis | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4VP16.mat.αTub67C, Scer\GAL4da.PU
short lived | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
some die during pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4eya.enh1+E+2
visible | embryonic stage 17
visible | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4VP16.mat.αTub67C, Scer\GAL4da.PU
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
embryonic/first instar larval cuticle
embryonic/first instar larval cuticle, with Scer\GAL4VP16.mat.αTub67C, Scer\GAL4da.PU
embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | first instar larval stage
embryonic/larval cuticle
embryonic/larval tracheal section
eye, with Scer\GAL4eya.enh1+E+2
larval tracheal system | embryonic stage 17
procuticle | first instar larval stage
ring gland | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4phtm.PO
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (6)
Hsap\ALAS2
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Hsap\ALAS1
11 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\GCAT
6 of 14
No
No
Hsap\SPTLC1
2 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\SPTLC2
2 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\SPTLC3
2 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (6)
Rnor\Alas2
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Alas1
11 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Gcat
5 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Sptlc1
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Sptlc2
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Sptlc3
2 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (6)
Mmus\Alas2
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Alas1
11 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Gcat
6 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Sptlc1
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Sptlc2
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Sptlc3
2 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (7)
Xtro\alas2
11 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\alas1
7 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\gcat
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\sptlc2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\sptlc3
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\tha1p
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\XB5809687
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (7)
Drer\alas2
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\alas1
12 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\gcat
6 of 14
No
No
Drer\sptlc2a
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\sptlc2b
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\sptlc3
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\sptlc1
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (4)
Cele\T25B9.1
6 of 14
Yes
No
Cele\sptl-1
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\sptl-2
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\sptl-3
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (4)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003184
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP005781
5 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP007941
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010427
2 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (6)
Atha\BIOF
8 of 13
Yes
No
Atha\AT3G48790
3 of 13
No
No
Atha\LCB1
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\LCB2
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\SPT1
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\SHM7
1 of 13
No
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (3)
Scer\HEM1
13 of 13
Yes
Yes
Scer\LCB1
2 of 13
No
No
Scer\LCB2
2 of 13
No
No
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (3)
Spom\hem1
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Spom\lcb2
2 of 12
No
No
Spom\SPBC18E5.02c
2 of 12
No
No
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (2)
Ecol\kbl
5 of 11
Yes
No
Ecol\bioF
4 of 11
No
No
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Alas. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (3)
Gcat
9 of 13
lace
4 of 13
Spt-I
4 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 2 )
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    ALAS2; 5'-aminolevulinate synthase 2
    13 of 14
    301300
    ALAS1; 5'-aminolevulinate synthase 1
    11 of 14
    125290
        GCAT; glycine C-acetyltransferase
        6 of 14
        607422
            Functional Complementation Data
            Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
            Interactions
            Summary of Physical Interactions
            Interaction Browsers
            Summary of Genetic Interactions
            Interaction Browsers
            Starting gene(s)
            Interaction type
            Interacting gene(s)
            Reference
            Starting gene(s)
            Interaction type
            Interacting gene(s)
            Reference
            External Data
            Linkouts
            BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
            DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
            Pathways
            Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
            Metabolic Pathways
            FlyBase
            HEME BIOSYNTHESIS
            External Links
            FlyCyc Pathways - Pathways from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
            KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
            Reactome Metabolic Pathways - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed metabolic pathway database.
            External Data
            Linkouts
            KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
            Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
            Class of Gene
            Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
            Chromosome (arm)
            2R
            Recombination map
            2-105
            Cytogenetic map
            60A14-60A14
            Sequence location
            FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
            Cytogenetic map
            Evidence for location
            60A14-60A14
            Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}TalEP489&P{EP}CG3065EP316 and P{lacW}Phmk07623&P{lacW}tsrk05633
            Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
            Cytogenetic map
            Notes
            References
            60A-60A
            (determined by in situ hybridisation)
            (Ruiz de Mena et al., 1999)
            60A3-60B10
            (determined by in situ hybridisation)
            (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
            Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
            Location

            2-105

            (FlyBase, 2016)

            2-109.8

            (Comeron et al., 2012)
            Left of (cM)
            Right of (cM)
            Notes
            Stocks and Reagents
            Stocks (13)
            Genomic Clones (17)
             

            Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

            cDNA Clones (69)
             

            Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

            cDNA clones, fully sequenced
            BDGP DGC clones
            Other clones
            Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

            For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

            cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
            BDGP DGC clones
            Other clones
            RNAi and Array Information
            Linkouts
            DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
            Antibody Information
            Laboratory Generated Antibodies
             

            polyclonal

            (Ruiz de Mena et al., 1999)
            Commercially Available Antibodies
             
            Cell Line Information
            Publicly Available Cell Lines
             
              Other Stable Cell Lines
               
                Other Comments
                Relationship to Other Genes
                Source for database merge of
                Additional comments
                Nomenclature History
                Source for database identify of

                Source for identity of: Alas CG3017

                (Wang, 1999.11)
                Nomenclature comments
                Etymology
                Synonyms and Secondary IDs (10)
                Datasets (0)
                Study focus (0)
                Experimental Role
                Project
                Project Type
                Title
                Study result (0)
                Result
                Result Type
                Title
                External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 54 )
                Sequence Crossreferences
                NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                Other crossreferences
                AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
                InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
                KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                Linkouts
                BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
                DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
                FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                FlyCyc Pathways - Pathways from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
                Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
                FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
                iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
                KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
                KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
                Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
                Reactome Metabolic Pathways - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed metabolic pathway database.
                References (68)