FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\chrb
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\chrb
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
charybde
Annotation Symbol
CG7533
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0036165
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
10 publicly available
Gene Summary
Inhibits cell growth by regulating the Tor pathway upstream of the Tsc1-Tsc2 complex and downstream of Akt1. Acts as a cell death activator during head development. (UniProt, Q9VTI8)
Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.
All Summaries
Also Known As

charybdis

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
68C10-68C10
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-36
RefSeq locus
NT_037436 REGION:11487550..11499094
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (7 terms)
Molecular Function (0 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Biological Process (6 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in apoptotic process
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Scuderi et al., 2006)
involved_in head involution
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Scuderi et al., 2006)
involved_in negative regulation of growth
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:scyl; FB:FBgn0041094
(Reiling and Hafen, 2004)
involved_in regulation of TOR signaling
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Scuderi et al., 2006)
involved_in response to oxidative stress
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Reiling and Hafen, 2004)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in apoptotic process
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000280371
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in negative regulation of signal transduction
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR012918
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
involved_in regulation of TOR signaling
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000280371
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Cellular Component (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q9NX09
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR012918
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the DDIT4 family. (Q9VTI8)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Inhibits cell growth by regulating the Tor pathway upstream of the Tsc1-Tsc2 complex and downstream of Akt1. Acts as a cell death activator during head development.
(UniProt, Q9VTI8)
Summary (Interactive Fly)

conserved proteins acting downstream of PKB and upstream of TSC to regulate growth - they are induced under hypoxic conditions, thus establishing a potential cross-talk between growth and oxygen sensing - required for head involution

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
3
Number of Unique Polypeptides
2

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\chrb for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9VTI8)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 6.01

Tissue-specific extension of 3' UTRs observed during later stages (FBrf0218523, FBrf0219848); all variants may not be annotated

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.45

Gene model reviewed during 5.55

Gene model reviewed during 6.61

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
chrb-RC
FBtr0076093
NM_140213
3738
299
chrb-RE
FBtr0344910
NM_001300105
4947
233
chrb-RF
FBtr0482701
1928
299
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
chrb-PC
FBpp0099774
32.2
299
6.60
Q9VTI8
NP_648470
AAF50060
chrb-PE
FBpp0311210
25.2
233
8.63
X2JAZ6
NP_001287034
AHN58059
chrb-PF
FBpp0428621
32.2
299
6.60
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

299 aa isoforms: chrb-PC, chrb-PF
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records
 
UniProt
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\chrb using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.79

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
pole plasm

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 4 -- 6
anlage in statu nascendi
(Fisher et al., 2012)
anterior endoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain anlage in statu nascendi
(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal ectoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
ectoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
hindgut anlage in statu nascendi
(Fisher et al., 2012)
trunk mesoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral ectoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
antennal anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 7 -- 8
dorsal ectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
foregut anlage
(Fisher et al., 2012)
trunk mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral ectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
foregut primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
mesectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
trunk mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral ectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
larval foregut atrium | precursor

Comment: reported as atrium primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
cardiogenic mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal epidermis primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal vessel primordium

Comment: reported as dorsal vessel specific anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
midline primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
tracheal primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
trunk mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral epidermis primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
larval foregut atrium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic brain
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic dorsal epidermis
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic head epidermis
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic ventral epidermis
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval dorsal vessel
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral midline of embryo
(Fisher et al., 2012)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\chrb in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 1-3
  • Stages(s) 4-6
  • Stages(s) 7-8
  • Stages(s) 9-10
  • Stages(s) 11-12
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 25 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 5 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of chrb
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of chrb
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 0 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 0 )
Inferred from location ( 3 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
viable
Sterility
Allele
fertile
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal stress response | recessive
decreased cell size | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PB
long lived, with Scer\GAL4da.G32
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (2)
Hsap\DDIT4L
10 of 14
Yes
No
Hsap\DDIT4
9 of 14
No
No
1  
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (3)
Rnor\Ddit4l
10 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Ddit4l2
8 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Ddit4
8 of 14
No
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (2)
Mmus\Ddit4l
9 of 14
Yes
No
Mmus\Ddit4
9 of 14
Yes
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (2)
Xtro\ddit4l
8 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\ddit4
8 of 13
Yes
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (2)
Drer\ddit4
9 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\si:ch211-39i2.2
1 of 14
No
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP011600
3 of 12
Yes
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:chrb. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (1)
scyl
9 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    DDIT4L; DNA damage inducible transcript 4 like
    10 of 14
    607730
        DDIT4; DNA damage inducible transcript 4
        9 of 14
        607729
             
            Functional Complementation Data
            Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
            Interactions
            Summary of Physical Interactions
            Interaction Browsers
            Summary of Genetic Interactions
            Interaction Browsers
            View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
            Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
            Starting gene(s)
            Interaction type
            Interacting gene(s)
            Reference
            Starting gene(s)
            Interaction type
            Interacting gene(s)
            Reference
            pbl
            suppressible
            chrb
            (Gregory et al., 2007)
            Pdk1|Akt
            suppressible
            chrb
            (Reiling and Hafen, 2004)
            pnr
            suppressible
            chrb
            (Pena-Rangel et al., 2002)
            External Data
            Linkouts
            BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
            DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
            MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
            Pathways
            Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
            Metabolic Pathways
            FlyBase
            External Links
            External Data
            Linkouts
            Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
            Class of Gene
            Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
            Chromosome (arm)
            3L
            Recombination map
            3-36
            Cytogenetic map
            68C10-68C10
            Sequence location
            FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
            Cytogenetic map
            Evidence for location
            68C10-68C10
            Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(3)0123901239&P{lacW}l(3)01239j9B4 and P{PZ}CycA02461&P{PZ}CycA03946
            Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
            Cytogenetic map
            Notes
            References
            68C-68C
            (Chauvet, 2000.1.5)
            Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
            Location

            3-36

            (FlyBase, 2016)

            3-29.7

            (Comeron et al., 2012)
            Left of (cM)
            Right of (cM)
            Notes
            Stocks and Reagents
            Stocks (10)
            Genomic Clones (22)
            cDNA Clones (347)
             

            Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

            cDNA clones, fully sequenced
            BDGP DGC clones
            Other clones
            Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

            For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

            cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
            BDGP DGC clones
            Other clones
            RNAi and Array Information
            Linkouts
            DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
            Antibody Information
            Laboratory Generated Antibodies
             
            Commercially Available Antibodies
             
            Cell Line Information
            Publicly Available Cell Lines
             
              Other Stable Cell Lines
               
                Other Comments

                Duplicate transcripts identified and eliminated during the migration of annotations from the release 5 genome assembly to the release 6 assembly.

                (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2014)

                chrb functions redundantly to scyl and is a downstream target of homeobox regulation.

                (Scuderi et al., 2006)

                Embryos injected with dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene show no observable phenotype. However, embryos injected with dsRNA against both this gene and scyl are embryonic lethal and show defects in head involution.

                (Scuderi et al., 2006)
                Relationship to Other Genes
                Source for database merge of

                Source for merge of: charybde anon- EST:Liang-2.51

                (Ashburner, 2004.6.30)

                Source for merge of: charybde BcDNA:GH09771

                (FlyBase, 1996-)
                Additional comments

                Source for identity of charybde CG7533 was sequence comparison ( date:000401 ).

                (FlyBase, 1996-)

                Source for merge of charybde BcDNA:GH09771 was a shared cDNA ( date:030728 ).

                (FlyBase, 1996-)
                Nomenclature History
                Source for database identify of

                Source for identity of: charybde CG7533

                (FlyBase, 1996-)
                Nomenclature comments
                Etymology
                Synonyms and Secondary IDs (12)
                Datasets (0)
                Study focus (0)
                Experimental Role
                Project
                Project Type
                Title
                Study result (0)
                Result
                Result Type
                Title
                External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 69 )
                Sequence Crossreferences
                NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                Other crossreferences
                AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
                DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
                InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
                KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                Linkouts
                BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
                DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
                FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
                Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
                FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
                iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
                Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
                MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
                References (67)