FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\alt
Open Close
General Information
Symbol
Dmel\alt
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
aluminum tubes
Annotation Symbol
CG18212
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0038535
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
9 publicly available
Gene Summary
Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.
All Summaries
Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
90C1-90C1
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-61
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:17673732..17682515
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (2 terms)
Molecular Function (0 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Biological Process (0 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Cellular Component (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in endomembrane system
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Tan et al., 2009)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in endoplasmic reticulum membrane
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001450043
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
8
Number of Unique Polypeptides
2

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\alt for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q960Y8)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR.

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.47

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
alt-RA
FBtr0089415
NM_169768
3369
842
alt-RB
FBtr0089417
NM_206505
3282
842
alt-RD
FBtr0089416
NM_169769
3277
842
alt-RE
FBtr0089413
NM_169770
3339
842
alt-RF
FBtr0089412
NM_169771
3284
842
alt-RG
FBtr0089414
NM_142388
3470
874
alt-RH
FBtr0335026
NM_001275749
3909
842
alt-RI
FBtr0335027
NM_001275750
3834
874
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
alt-PA
FBpp0088434
95.1
842
7.09
Q9VEH0
NP_732256
AAF55451
alt-PB
FBpp0088963
95.1
842
7.09
Q9VEH0
NP_996227
AAS65165
alt-PD
FBpp0088435
95.1
842
7.09
Q9VEH0
NP_732257
AAF55453
alt-PE
FBpp0088432
95.1
842
7.09
Q9VEH0
NP_732258
AAF55452
alt-PF
FBpp0088431
95.1
842
7.09
Q9VEH0
NP_732259
AAF55454
alt-PG
FBpp0088433
98.6
874
7.38
Q960Y8
NP_650645
AAN13747
alt-PH
FBpp0307032
95.1
842
7.09
Q9VEH0
NP_001262678
AGB96058
alt-PI
FBpp0307033
98.6
874
7.38
Q960Y8
NP_001262679
AGB96059
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

842 aa isoforms: alt-PA, alt-PB, alt-PD, alt-PE, alt-PF, alt-PH
874 aa isoforms: alt-PG, alt-PI
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records
 
UniProt
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\alt using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.86

Transcript Expression
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult head
(Aradska et al., 2015)
day 7 of adulthood -- day 49 of adulthood
adult heart
(Cammarato et al., 2011)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in endomembrane system
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Tan et al., 2009)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\alt in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 1-3
  • Stages(s) 4-6
  • Stages(s) 9-10
  • Stages(s) 11-12
  • Stages(s) 13-16
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 15 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 4 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of alt
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of alt
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 4 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
partially lethal, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
viable
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
Sterility
Allele
fertile
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (5)
Hsap\RRBP1
4 of 14
Yes
Yes
Hsap\KTN1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\LAMA2
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\LAMA3
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\LAMA5
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (3)
Rnor\Rrbp1
5 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Ktn1
2 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Lama1
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (2)
Mmus\Rrbp1
4 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Ktn1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (3)
Xtro\hhat
3 of 13
Yes
No
Xtro\rrbp1
3 of 13
Yes
No
Xtro\ktn1
2 of 13
No
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (3)
Drer\rrbp1a
2 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\rrbp1b
2 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\lama5
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)
Cele\tcc-1
1 of 14
Yes
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003043
10 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:alt. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    RRBP1; ribosome binding protein 1
    4 of 14
    601418
        Functional Complementation Data
        Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
        Interactions
        Summary of Physical Interactions
        Interaction Browsers
        View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
        Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
        RNA-protein
        Physical Interaction
        Assay
        References
        alt - Mi-2
        iclip, partial RNA sequence identification, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr
        (Ullah et al., 2022)
        protein-protein
        Physical Interaction
        Assay
        References
        alt - CG8478
        experimental knowledge based
        (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
        alt - CG8939
        experimental knowledge based
        (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
        alt - Dis3l2
        experimental knowledge based
        (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
        alt - Lkb1
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry
        (Vinayagam et al., 2016)
        alt - Pi3K21B
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry
        (Vinayagam et al., 2016)
        alt - Pi3K92E
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry
        (Vinayagam et al., 2016)
        alt - Pten
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry
        (Vinayagam et al., 2016)
        alt - Ras85D
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
        (Friedman et al., 2011)
        alt - Rheb
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry
        (Vinayagam et al., 2016)
        alt - S6kII
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry
        (Vinayagam et al., 2016)
        alt - Srp72
        experimental knowledge based
        (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
        alt - Thor
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry
        (Vinayagam et al., 2016)
        alt - Tsc1
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry
        (Vinayagam et al., 2016)
        alt - foxo
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry
        (Vinayagam et al., 2016)
        alt - gig
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry
        (Vinayagam et al., 2016)
        alt - l(1)G0020
        experimental knowledge based
        (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
        alt - nop5
        experimental knowledge based
        (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
        Summary of Genetic Interactions
        Interaction Browsers
        View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
        Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        baz
        enhanceable
        alt
        (Shao et al., 2010)
        Mps1
        suppressible
        alt
        (Gilliland et al., 2005)
        External Data
        Linkouts
        BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        Pathways
        Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
        Metabolic Pathways
        FlyBase
        External Links
        External Data
        Linkouts
        Class of Gene
        Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
        Chromosome (arm)
        3R
        Recombination map
        3-61
        Cytogenetic map
        90C1-90C1
        Sequence location
        FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Evidence for location
        90C1-90C1
        Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(3)0788207882 and P{EP}cpoEP3679
        Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Notes
        References
        Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
        Location

        3-61

        (FlyBase, 2016)

        3-60.0

        (Comeron et al., 2012)
        Left of (cM)
        Right of (cM)
        Notes
        Stocks and Reagents
        Stocks (9)
        Genomic Clones (27)
        cDNA Clones (220)
         

        Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

        cDNA clones, fully sequenced
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

          For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

          cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
          BDGP DGC clones
          Other clones
          RNAi and Array Information
          Linkouts
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          Antibody Information
          Laboratory Generated Antibodies
           
          Commercially Available Antibodies
           
          Cell Line Information
          Publicly Available Cell Lines
           
            Other Stable Cell Lines
             
              Other Comments

              CG31251- CG31360+ CG31249- Overall orientation not stated: CG14322+ CG7523- ald+ CG18212- CG7655+

              (Gilliland et al., 2005)
              Relationship to Other Genes
              Source for database merge of
              Additional comments
              Nomenclature History
              Source for database identify of
              Nomenclature comments
              Etymology

              "CG18212" is not involved in anything of any importance to female meiosis, but two deceitful interlopers (two Doc element insertions isolated in a mutant screen) attempted to mislead the authors into thinking that it was critically important, thus they decided to name the gene "alt", which stands for "aluminum tubes", because when someone presents you with pictures of aluminum tubes and tells you that they are intended for nuclear uses, you must be very careful about the inferences you make.

              (Hawley and Gilliland, 2006)
              Synonyms and Secondary IDs (4)
              Datasets (0)
              Study focus (0)
              Experimental Role
              Project
              Project Type
              Title
              Study result (0)
              Result
              Result Type
              Title
              External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 66 )
              Sequence Crossreferences
              NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
              GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
              GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
              RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
              UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
              UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
              Other crossreferences
              AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
              BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
              DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
              EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
              FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
              FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
              InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
              KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
              MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
              Linkouts
              BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
              Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
              DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
              DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
              Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
              FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
              FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
              Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
              Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
              iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
              MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
              References (64)