FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\Bdbt
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Bdbt
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Bride of doubletime
Annotation Symbol
CG17282
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0038857
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
4 publicly available
Gene Summary
Bride of doubletime (Bdbt) encodes a protein that binds to a nuclear localization signal in the product of dco and is necessary for normal circadian dco activity on the product of per. The product of Bdbt also accumulates in cytosolic foci in photoreceptors during the middle of the night. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
93B13-93B13
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-70
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:21117857..21118856
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (9 terms)
Molecular Function (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables kinase activator activity
inferred from direct assay
(Strutt and Strutt, 2020)
enables protein binding
inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:O76324
(Nolan et al., 2023)
inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q9V3Y0
(Strutt and Strutt, 2020)
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:dco; FB:FBgn0002413
(Fan et al., 2013)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
NOT enables peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity
inferred from key residues
(Fan et al., 2013)
Biological Process (5 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in locomotor rhythm
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Fan et al., 2013)
involved_in regulation of establishment of planar polarity
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Strutt and Strutt, 2020)
involved_in regulation of intracellular protein transport
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Nolan et al., 2023)
involved_in regulation of post-translational protein modification
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Fan et al., 2013)
involved_in regulation of protein catabolic process
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Fan et al., 2013)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Cellular Component (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytosol
inferred from direct assay
(Nolan et al., 2023)
inferred from direct assay
(Strutt and Strutt, 2020, Fan et al., 2013)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Bride of doubletime (Bdbt) encodes a protein that binds to a nuclear localization signal in the product of dco and is necessary for normal circadian dco activity on the product of per. The product of Bdbt also accumulates in cytosolic foci in photoreceptors during the middle of the night. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
UNCLASSIFIED PSEUDOENZYMES -
This group comprises pseudoenzymes that do not classify under other groups in FlyBase.
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Functions in planar polarity establishment and circadian rhythms by promoting the activity and localization of dco/dbt (PubMed:24210908, PubMed:26082158, PubMed:36994075). Required for regulating the levels of dco/dbt and per in the nuclei of photoreceptor cells and thereby is involved in normal oscillations of the circadian clock proteins in the eye (PubMed:24210908, PubMed:36994075). In the dark, the cry circadian and rhodopsin visual pathways, activate the accumulation of the protein into Arr1- and Arr2-dependent cytosolic foci which are required for dco localization to photoreceptor nuclei (PubMed:24210908, PubMed:26082158, PubMed:36994075). It is possible that the accumulation into foci results in the dissociation of the protein from dco, thus allowing dco to interact with importins and microtubules for nuclear transport (PubMed:24210908, PubMed:26082158, PubMed:36994075). By promoting nuclei localization and kinase activity of dco towards per, it is essential for regulating normal cycles of per nuclear accumulation in brain circadian neurons and thus is important for normal circadian behavior (PubMed:24210908, PubMed:36994075). Essential for regulating the establishment of planar cell polarity in the wing (PubMed:32750048). Forms a complex with Ankrd49 which likely functions in the regulation of planar polarity by promoting the activity of dco during planar polarity establishment (PubMed:32750048). Within the complex, directly promotes dco activity in regulating phosphorylation and asymmetric localization of core planar polarity proteins such as dsh (PubMed:32750048).
(UniProt, Q9VDE4)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Bdbt for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9VDE4)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.44

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Bdbt-RA
FBtr0084033
NM_142686
1000
286
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Bdbt-PA
FBpp0083435
33.0
286
8.67
Q9VDE4
NP_650943
AAF55852
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts with dco (via nuclear localization signal) (PubMed:24210908, PubMed:26082158). Interacts with Ankrd49; interaction promotes the stability of both complex members (PubMed:32750048).

(UniProt, Q9VDE4)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Bdbt using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

1.20

Transcript Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
retina | restricted
(Fan et al., 2013)
inner photoreceptor cell

Comment: subject to circadian cycling

(Fan et al., 2013)
outer photoreceptor cell

Comment: subject to circadian cycling

(Fan et al., 2013)
Additional Descriptive Data

Bdbt is found in cytosolic foci, the distribution of which changes dramatically over the course of a day. During the day (ZT1 abd ZT7), it is limited to the outer part of the retina and is not found in all photoreceptor cells. By ZT13, the foci of Bdbt epression become more numerous and broadly localized in the retina. By ZT19, most photoreceptors express high levels of Bdbt in both the inner and outer parts of the retina.

(Fan et al., 2013)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytosol
inferred from direct assay
(Nolan et al., 2023)
inferred from direct assay
(Strutt and Strutt, 2020, Fan et al., 2013)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Bdbt in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 1 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 7 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Bdbt
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Bdbt
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 0 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 0 )
Inferred from location ( 2 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (11)
Hsap\TTC9B
2 of 14
Yes
Yes
Hsap\TTC9C
2 of 14
Yes
Yes
Hsap\TTC9
2 of 14
Yes
Yes
Hsap\AIP
1 of 14
No
No
13  
Hsap\FKBP4
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\FKBP5
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\FKBP6
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\FKBP8
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\FKBPL
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\PPID
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\UNC45A
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (6)
Rnor\Ttc9b
2 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Ttc9c
2 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Ttc9
2 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Fkbpl
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Ppidl1
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Ppid
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (6)
Mmus\Ttc9b
2 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Ttc9c
2 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Ttc9
2 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Bbs4
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Fkbpl
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Ppid
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (7)
Xtro\ttc9b
3 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\ttc9c
3 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\ttc9
2 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\aip
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\fkbp4
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\LOC100492768
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\ppid
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (4)
Drer\ttc9b
2 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\ttc9c
2 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\fkbpl
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\ppid
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)
Cele\fkb-6
1 of 14
Yes
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (3)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP013257
11 of 12
Yes
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003265
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP006615
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (8)
Atha\AT5G48570
1 of 13
Yes
No
Atha\PAS1
1 of 13
Yes
No
Atha\Phox2
1 of 13
Yes
No
Atha\ROF1
1 of 13
Yes
No
Atha\SQN
1 of 13
Yes
No
Atha\TPR6
1 of 13
Yes
No
Atha\TPR7
1 of 13
Yes
No
Atha\TWD1
1 of 13
Yes
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (2)
Scer\CNS1
1 of 13
Yes
No
Scer\CPR6
1 of 13
Yes
No
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Bdbt. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (3)
Cyp40
1 of 13
Fkbp59
1 of 13
zda
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    Interaction Browsers
    View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
    Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Bdbt
    suppressible
    dco
    (Fan et al., 2013)
    Bdbt
    enhanceable
    dco
    (Fan et al., 2013)
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    dco
    suppressible
    Bdbt
    (Strutt and Strutt, 2020)
    External Data
    Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
    Interacts with dco (via nuclear localization signal) (PubMed:24210908, PubMed:26082158). Interacts with Ankrd49; interaction promotes the stability of both complex members (PubMed:32750048).
    (UniProt, Q9VDE4 )
    Linkouts
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Metabolic Pathways
    FlyBase
    External Links
    External Data
    Linkouts
    KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
    Class of Gene
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    3R
    Recombination map
    3-70
    Cytogenetic map
    93B13-93B13
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    93B13-93B13
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}Atpα01164 and P{PZ}mod(mdg4)07038&P{lacW}mod(mdg4)L3101
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Location

    3-70

    (FlyBase, 2016)

    3-73.7

    (Comeron et al., 2012)
    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (4)
    Genomic Clones (16)
     

    Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

    cDNA Clones (6)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

      cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
      RNAi and Array Information
      Linkouts
      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
      Antibody Information
      Laboratory Generated Antibodies
       

      polyclonal

      (Fan et al., 2013)
      Commercially Available Antibodies
       
      Cell Line Information
      Publicly Available Cell Lines
       
        Other Stable Cell Lines
         
          Other Comments
          Relationship to Other Genes
          Source for database merge of
          Additional comments
          Nomenclature History
          Source for database identify of

          Source for identity of: Bdbt CG17282

          (Fan et al., 2013)
          Nomenclature comments
          Etymology
          Synonyms and Secondary IDs (7)
          Datasets (0)
          Study focus (0)
          Experimental Role
          Project
          Project Type
          Title
          Study result (0)
          Result
          Result Type
          Title
          External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 30 )
          Sequence Crossreferences
          NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
          GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
          GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
          RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
          UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
          UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          Other crossreferences
          AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
          DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
          EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
          FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
          FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
          InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
          KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
          MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
          PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
          Linkouts
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
          DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
          FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
          FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
          Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
          KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
          MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          References (32)