FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\dco

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\dco

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

discs overgrown

Annotation Symbol

CG2048

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0002413

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

42 publicly available

Enzyme Name (EC)

Gene Summary

discs overgrown (dco) encodes a Ser/Thr protein kinase that functions in the circadian rhythm pathway to phosphorylate and bind with circadian target proteins such as the product of per. It also contributes to Hedgehog and Wnt pathways, cell death, neurodegeneration, hyperplasia and planar cell polarity. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)

All Summaries

Gene Snapshot
Alliance
Auto summary
Pathway
Gene Group
UniProtKB
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

dbt, doubletime, double-time, CKIε, CK1ε

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

100B1-100B2

Sequence location

3R:31,054,085..31,061,210 [-]

Recombination map

3-102

RefSeq locus

NT_033777 REGION:31054085..31061210

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (31 terms)

Molecular Function (4 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables protein binding

inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:per; FB:FBgn0003068

(Kim et al., 2007, Muskus et al., 2007)

inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Bdbt; FB:FBgn0038857

(Fan et al., 2013)

inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q9VDE4

(Nolan et al., 2023)

enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity

inferred from direct assay

(Fulford et al., 2019, Fan et al., 2009, Feng and Irvine, 2009, Muskus et al., 2007, Zhang et al., 2006)

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Klein et al., 2006, Strutt et al., 2006)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables ATP binding

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000719, InterPro:IPR017441

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

enables protein kinase activity

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000719, InterPro:IPR008271

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000225966

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Biological Process (22 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (20 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in behavioral response to cocaine

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Andretic et al., 1999)

involved_in cell communication

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Jursnich et al., 1990)

involved_in cellular response to light stimulus

inferred from direct assay

(Huang et al., 2014)

involved_in circadian rhythm

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Venkatesan et al., 2019, Venkatesan et al., 2015, Bao et al., 2001, Kloss et al., 1998)

inferred from direct assay

(Kivimäe et al., 2008)

inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:per; FB:FBgn0003068

(Kloss et al., 1998)

involved_in imaginal disc growth

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Sehnal and Bryant, 1993, Jursnich et al., 1990)

involved_in locomotor rhythm

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Fan et al., 2009, Muskus et al., 2007)

involved_in negative regulation of apoptotic process

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Means et al., 2015, Guan et al., 2007)

involved_in negative regulation of smoothened signaling pathway

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Jia et al., 2005)

involved_in positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Klein et al., 2006, Zhang et al., 2006)

involved_in positive regulation of cell division

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Guan et al., 2007)

involved_in positive regulation of cell growth

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Guan et al., 2007)

involved_in positive regulation of hippo signaling

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Feng and Irvine, 2009)

involved_in positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Galletti et al., 2009)

involved_in positive regulation of protein catabolic process

inferred from direct assay

(Muskus et al., 2007)

involved_in positive regulation of smoothened signaling pathway

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:CkIα; FB:FBgn0015024

(Shi et al., 2014)

involved_in positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Nek2; FB:FBgn0029970

(Schertel et al., 2013)

involved_in regulation of circadian rhythm

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Zheng et al., 2014, Fan et al., 2009, Yu et al., 2009, Muskus et al., 2007)

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Nolan et al., 2023)

involved_in regulation of ecdysteroid secretion

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Sehnal and Bryant, 1993)

involved_in regulation of establishment of planar polarity

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:fz; FB:FBgn0001085

(Strutt et al., 2006)

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:dsh; FB:FBgn0000499,FLYBASE:fz; FB:FBgn0001085,FLYBASE:Vang; FB:FBgn0015838

(Klein et al., 2006)

NOT involved_in negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Matsubayashi et al., 2004)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in endocytosis

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000226268

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

involved_in positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN008529589

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

involved_in positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN008529589

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

involved_in signal transduction

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000225966

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Cellular Component (5 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (5 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in cell body

inferred from direct assay

(Venkatesan et al., 2015)

located_in cytoplasm

inferred from direct assay

(Kotwica et al., 2009, Strutt et al., 2006, Zhang et al., 2006)

located_in cytosol

inferred from direct assay

(Nolan et al., 2023)

located_in nucleus

inferred from direct assay

(Venkatesan et al., 2015, Kotwica et al., 2009, Zhang et al., 2006)

colocalizes_with plasma membrane

inferred from direct assay

(Strutt et al., 2006)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

is_active_in cytoplasm

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000225966

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

is_active_in nucleus

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000225966

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

CK1 KINASES

Pathway (FlyBase)

POSITIVE REGULATORS OF WNT-TCF SIGNALING PATHWAY

POSITIVE REGULATORS OF HIPPO SIGNALING PATHWAY

POSITIVE REGULATORS OF HEDGEHOG SIGNALING PATHWAY

NEGATIVE REGULATORS OF HEDGEHOG SIGNALING PATHWAY

Protein Family (UniProt)

Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CK1 Ser/Thr protein kinase family. Casein kinase I subfamily. (O76324)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)

protein serine/threonine kinase activity

Summaries

Gene Snapshot

Gene Group (FlyBase)

CK1 KINASES -: The CK1 kinases (Casein Kinase 1 family) share a highly conserved kinase domain. CK1 kinases are serine/threonine kinases with a preference for acidic substrates. The highly variable C-terminal domains are involved in regulating subcellular localization and activity. (Adapted from FBrf0132098, PMID:24825444 and PMID:15722192).

Pathway (FlyBase)

POSITIVE REGULATORS OF WNT-TCF SIGNALING PATHWAY -: Positive regulators of Wnt-TCF (canonical Wnt) signaling up-regulate the pathway, resulting in the enhancement of transcriptional regulation mediated by β-catenin (arm).
POSITIVE REGULATORS OF HIPPO SIGNALING PATHWAY -: The Hippo signaling pathway is an intracellular kinase cascade in which hpo kinase in complex with sav, phosphorylates wts kinase which, in turn, phosphorylates yki transcriptional co-activator leading to its cytosolic retention. Positive regulators of the pathway, enhance the cytosolic retention of yki, negatively regulating tissue growth (Adapted from FBrf0224870).
POSITIVE REGULATORS OF HEDGEHOG SIGNALING PATHWAY -: Positive regulators of hedgehog signaling up-regulate the pathway, resulting in the activation of transcription of hh-responsive genes.
NEGATIVE REGULATORS OF HEDGEHOG SIGNALING PATHWAY -: Negative regulators of hedgehog signaling down-regulate the pathway, resulting in the repression of transcription of hh-responsive genes.

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

Serine/threonine-protein kinase which is involved in the circadian rhythm pathway, viability and planar cell polarity (PubMed:10556065, PubMed:26082158, PubMed:32750048, PubMed:9674430, PubMed:9674431). In the circadian rhythm pathway, phosphorylates the clock gene period (per) and targets it for degradation in the absence of timeless (tim), thus contributing to production of the circadian oscillations of the clock genes (PubMed:26082158, PubMed:32750048, PubMed:9674430, PubMed:9674431). Together with CkIalpha, regulates processing of ci by phosphorylating it, which promotes its binding to slmb, the F-box recognition component of the SCF(slmb) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase (PubMed:16326393). Involved in the inhibition of apoptosis during cell proliferation and growth arrest in imaginal disks (PubMed:10556065). Also functions in planar cell polarity (PubMed:32750048).

(UniProt, O76324)

Summary (Interactive Fly)

casein kinase Iepsilon - contributes to circadian rhythmicity - Spaghetti and Doubletime link the circadian clock and light to caspases, apoptosis and tauopathy.

Interactive Fly

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\dco for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry O76324)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

Comments on Gene Model

Tissue-specific extension of 3' UTRs observed during later stages (FBrf0218523, FBrf0219848); all variants may not be annotated

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR.

Gene model reviewed during 5.47

Gene model reviewed during 6.19

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

dco-RA

FBtr0085742

NM_170535

2980

440

dco-RB

FBtr0085743

NM_170536

3062

440

dco-RC

FBtr0085744

NM_079863

3667

440

dco-RD

FBtr0334548

NM_001276203

4156

440

dco-RE

FBtr0473370

NM_001369991

3230

440

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

3.2 (northern blot)

(Kloss et al., 1998)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

dco-PA

FBpp0085104

48.0

440

9.92

FBpp0085105

48.0

440

9.92

FBpp0085106

48.0

440

9.92

FBpp0306615

48.0

440

9.92

FBpp0422974

48.0

440

9.92

O76324

QCD25211

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

440 aa isoforms: dco-PA, dco-PB, dco-PC, dco-PD, dco-PE

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

440 (aa)

(Zilian et al., 1999)

440 (aa); 48 (kD predicted)

(Kloss et al., 1998)

Comments

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Forms a complex with per (PubMed:9674431). Interacts with Dlish (PubMed:27692068). Interacts (via nuclear localization signal) with Bdbt (PubMed:26082158).

(UniProt, O76324)

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\dco using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

dco_1

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.26

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 1 -- 3

organism | ubiquitous

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 4 -- 6

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 7 -- 8

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 9 -- 10

anterior endoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

central brain primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

head mesoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

posterior endoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

trunk mesoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral nerve cord primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 11 -- 12

anterior midgut primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

central brain primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

posterior midgut primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral epidermis primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral nerve cord primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

adult stage

photoreceptor neuron

(Kloss et al., 1998)

LN period neuron

(Kloss et al., 1998)

adult brain | restricted

(Kloss et al., 1998)

Additional Descriptive Data

dco transcripts are expressed in photoreceptor cells in the eye. They are also expressed in a wide region between the optic lobe and the central brain which includes the lateral neurons. They are expressed in the same pattern as per transcripts. No evidence of circadian cycling was observed for dco transcripts.

(Kloss et al., 1998)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

immunolocalization

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

third instar larval stage

mushroom body intrinsic neuron

• cytoplasm

(Martini et al., 2000)

oogenesis stage S1 -- S14

nurse cell

(Kotwica et al., 2009)

oogenesis stage S2 -- S9

oocyte

(Kotwica et al., 2009)

oogenesis stage S8 -- S9

follicle cell | subset

(Kotwica et al., 2009)

mass spectroscopy

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

adult head

• membrane

(Aradska et al., 2015)

western blot

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

third instar larval stage

eye disc

(Milton et al., 2010)

pupal stage P6

eye disc

(Milton et al., 2010)

adult stage

adult head

(Preuss et al., 2004)

Additional Descriptive Data

dco is expressed at similar levels in both larval and pupal stages of eye development.

(Milton et al., 2010)

dco is present in nurse cells at all stages of oogenesis with the most intense signal seen in early stages (S1-4). It is expressed in the oocyte at later stages and continues to be expressed in nurse cells. It is first expressed in follicle cells at later stages (S8,9) and is not present in all follicle cells which results in a patchy expression pattern.

(Kotwica et al., 2009)

Levels of dco protein do not oscillate, and are present at at all times of day.

(Preuss et al., 2004)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in cell body

inferred from direct assay

(Venkatesan et al., 2015)

located_in cytoplasm

inferred from direct assay

(Kotwica et al., 2009, Strutt et al., 2006, Zhang et al., 2006)

located_in cytosol

inferred from direct assay

(Nolan et al., 2023)

located_in nucleus

inferred from direct assay

(Venkatesan et al., 2015, Kotwica et al., 2009, Zhang et al., 2006)

colocalizes_with plasma membrane

inferred from direct assay

(Strutt et al., 2006)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\dco in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\dco

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\dco

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0002413

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

43673/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0002413

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0002413

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0002413

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG2048

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0002413

Images

FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)

Show all FlyExpress processed images for Dmel\dco

Stages(s) 4-6
Stages(s) 7-8
Stages(s) 9-10
Stages(s) 11-12
Stages(s) 13-16

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 55 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 56 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of dco

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of dco

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 31 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 31 )

Gene partially disrupted in

Df(3R)j3B9-rv9

(Nanda et al., 2009)

Df(3R)j3B9-rv12

(Nanda et al., 2009)

Df(3R)j3B9-rvB

(Nanda et al., 2009)

Df(3R)j3B9-rvL

(Nanda et al., 2009)

Gene disrupted in

Gene duplicated in

Dp(3;1)124P

(Price et al., 1998)

Dp(3;1)150P

(Zilian et al., 1999)

Ts(YLt;3Rt)A113

(Justice et al., 1995)

Ts(YSt;3Lt)A113+Dp(3;1)150P

(Zilian et al., 1999)

Inferred from location ( 2 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

lethal

dco^VIII

lethal (with Df(3R)A177der21)

dco^S146009b

lethal | cell autonomous | recessive | somatic clone

dco^le88

lethal | larval stage | recessive

dco^le88

lethal | recessive

lethal - all die before end of larval stage | recessive

lethal - all die before end of pupal stage

dco^j3B9

lethal - all die before end of pupal stage | recessive

partially lethal, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PI

dco^{WT.UAS.Tag:MYC}

partially lethal, with Scer\GAL4^dco-2A-GAL4

dco^GD1259

partially lethal - majority die, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PI

dco^{K38R.UAS.Tag:MYC}

partially lethal - majority die, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

dco^GD1259

partially lethal - majority live | recessive

dco^ar

viable

dco^EY02910

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

dco^GD1259

viable, with Scer\GAL4^arm.PS, dco^UAS.cSa

dco^VIII

viable, with Scer\GAL4^arm.PS, dco^VIII

dco^UAS.cSa

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

dco^GD1259

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tim.PE

dco^{K38R.UAS.Tag:MYC}

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tim.UAS

dco^{WT.UAS.Tag:MYC}

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

dco^GD1259

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Tub.PU

dco^KD.UAS

viable (with dco²)

dco^5B2.6

viable (with dco^5B2.6)

dco²

viable (with dco^ar)

viable (with dco^j3B9)

dco^ar

viable (with dco^VIII)

dco^ar

Sterility

Allele

female sterile, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.nanos.UTR}, Scer\GAL4^VP16.otu, Scer\GAL4^nanos.PG

dco^GL00001

fertile

dco^EY02910

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal behavior

abnormal cell death | cell autonomous | recessive | somatic clone

dco^le88

abnormal cell polarity, with Scer\GAL4^bi-omb1-GAL4

dco^UAS.cSb

abnormal cell polarity, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

dco^UAS.cKa

abnormal cell polarity, with Scer\GAL4^hs.2sev

abnormal cell polarity, with Scer\GAL4^ptc-559.1

abnormal cell polarity (with dco²)

dco^5B2.6

abnormal cell polarity (with dco^5B2.6)

dco²

abnormal cell polarity (with dco^ar)

dco^j3B9

abnormal cell polarity (with dco^j3B9)

dco^ar

abnormal cell polarity | cell autonomous | somatic clone

dco^j3B9

abnormal cell size | somatic clone

dco^j3B9

abnormal circadian rhythm

abnormal circadian rhythm, with Scer\GAL4^tim.PE

abnormal circadian rhythm (with dco^ar)

dco^j3B9

abnormal circadian rhythm (with dco^j3B9)

dco^ar

abnormal circadian rhythm (with Df(3R)tll-g)

dco^ar

abnormal circadian rhythm | adult stage

abnormal circadian rhythm | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^dco-2A-GAL4

dco^GD1259

abnormal circadian rhythm | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^tim.PE

abnormal circadian rhythm | recessive

dco^j3B9

abnormal circadian rhythm | semidominant

abnormal developmental rate, with Df(3R)A177der20, dco^L39Q, dco^le88

dco^S101R

abnormal developmental rate, with Df(3R)A177der20, dco^L39Q, dco^S101R

dco^le88

abnormal developmental rate, with Df(3R)A177der20, dco^S101R, dco^le88

dco^L39Q

abnormal developmental rate, with Df(3R)A177der20/dco^le88

dco^L39Q

abnormal developmental rate (with Df(3R)A177der20), with dco^L39Q

dco^le88

abnormal eclosion rhythm, with Scer\GAL4^tim.PE

abnormal eclosion rhythm, with Scer\GAL4^tim.PE, Scer\GAL80^phtm.1.2

abnormal eclosion rhythm | recessive

dco^j3B9

abnormal eclosion rhythm | semidominant

abnormal flight, with Scer\GAL4^arm.PS, dco^UAS.cSa

dco^VIII

abnormal flight, with Scer\GAL4^arm.PS, dco^VIII

dco^UAS.cSa

abnormal locomotor rhythm

abnormal locomotor rhythm, with Scer\GAL4^tim.PE

abnormal locomotor rhythm, with Scer\GAL4^tim.UAS

abnormal locomotor rhythm (with dco^ar)

abnormal locomotor rhythm (with dco^EY02910)

abnormal locomotor rhythm (with dco^L)

dco^EY02910

abnormal locomotor rhythm (with dco^S)

dco^EY02910

abnormal locomotor rhythm (with dco^VIII)

dco^ar

abnormal locomotor rhythm | adult stage

abnormal locomotor rhythm | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^tim.PE

dco^{K38R.UAS.Tag:MYC}

abnormal locomotor rhythm | dominant

dco^g

abnormal locomotor rhythm | recessive

abnormal locomotor rhythm | semidominant

abnormal locomotor rhythm | temperature conditional, with dco^hs.PS

dco^VIII

abnormal locomotor rhythm | temperature conditional, with dco^VIII

dco^hs.PS

abnormal planar polarity | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^en-e16E

dco^UAS.cSa

abnormal size, with Scer\GAL4^en.PU

dco^{3.UAS.Tag:V5,Tag:polyHis}

abnormal size, with Scer\GAL4^nub-AC-62

dco^{3.UAS.Tag:V5,Tag:polyHis}

abnormal size | somatic clone

dco³

abnormal sleep | adult stage

abnormal sleep | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^c205

dco^GD1259

abnormal sleep | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^c309

dco^GD1259

abnormal sleep | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^dco-2A-GAL4

abnormal sleep | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^per.PK

dco^GD1259

abnormal sleep | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^tim.PE

decreased sleep | adult stage

dco^S

decreased sleep | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^dco-2A-GAL4

dco^{K38R.UAS.Tag:MYC}

decreased sleep | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^tim.PE

hyperplasia | cell autonomous | somatic clone

dco³

hyperplasia | recessive

increased cell death | oogenesis, with Scer\GAL4^nanos.PG

dco^GL00001

increased cell death | progressive, with Scer\GAL4^tim.PE

dco^{K38R.UAS.Tag:MYC}

increased cell number | larval stage

dco³

increased cell number | somatic clone

dco³

increased sleep | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^c205

dco^GD1259

increased sleep | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^c309

dco^GD1259

increased sleep | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^c819

dco^GD1259

increased sleep | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^EB1

dco^GD1259

increased sleep | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^per.PK

dco^GD1259

increased sleep | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^Tab2-201Y

dco^GD1259

some die during larval stage | recessive

some die during P-stage, with Scer\GAL4^dco-2A-GAL4

dco^GD1259

some die during pupal stage

dco^j3B9

some die during pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

dco^GD1259

some die during pupal stage | recessive

some die during second instar larval stage

dco¹⁸

some die during third instar larval stage

dco¹⁸

visible, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

dco^UAS.Tag:HA

visible, with Scer\GAL4^ey.PU

dco^UAS.Tag:HA

visible, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

dco^GD1259

wild-type

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

adult external head

crossvein, with Df(3R)A177der20, dco^L39Q, dco^le88

dco^S101R

crossvein, with Df(3R)A177der20, dco^L39Q, dco^S101R

dco^le88

crossvein, with Df(3R)A177der20, dco^S101R, dco^le88

dco^L39Q

crossvein, with Df(3R)A177der20/dco^le88

dco^L39Q

crossvein (with Df(3R)A177der20), with dco^L39Q

dco^le88

dorsal bridge

dco¹⁸

dorsal organ

dco¹⁸

egg | germline clone

dco^le88

embryonic/larval cuticle | dorsal

dco¹⁸

eye

eye, with Scer\GAL4^ey.PU

dco^UAS.Tag:HA

eye photoreceptor cell, with Scer\GAL4^hs.2sev

dco^UAS.cKa

female germline stem cell, with Scer\GAL4^nanos.PG

dco^GL00001

germarium, with Scer\GAL4^nanos.PG

dco^GL00001

head, with Scer\GAL4^tim.PE

dco^{K38R.UAS.Tag:MYC}

imaginal disc

imaginal disc, with Df(3R)A177der20/dco^le88

dco^L39Q

imaginal disc (with Df(3R)A177der20), with dco^L39Q

dco^le88

imaginal disc | somatic clone

labral segment

dco¹⁸

larva, with Df(3R)A177der20/dco^le88

dco^L39Q

larva (with Df(3R)A177der20), with dco^L39Q

dco^le88

larval head

dco¹⁸

larval multidendritic class IV neuron | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4^Act.PU

leg

mesonotum, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

dco^GD1259

neuron | larval stage | lateral

dco^j3B9

ommatidium

ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4^hs.2sev

ommatidium (with dco²)

dco^5B2.6

ommatidium (with dco^5B2.6)

dco²

ommatidium (with dco^ar)

dco^j3B9

ommatidium (with dco^j3B9)

dco^ar

ommatidium | cell autonomous

dco^j3B9

tarsal segment

terminal organ

dco¹⁸

trichogen cell, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

dco^GD1259

unguis | increased number (with Df(3R)PGX8)

dco³

vibrissal bristle

wing

wing, with Df(3R)A177der20/dco^le88

dco^L39Q

wing, with Scer\GAL4^arm.PS, dco^UAS.cSa

dco^VIII

wing, with Scer\GAL4^arm.PS, dco^VIII

dco^UAS.cSa

wing, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

dco^UAS.Tag:HA

wing, with Scer\GAL4^en.PU

dco^{3.UAS.Tag:V5,Tag:polyHis}

wing, with Scer\GAL4^en-e16E

dco^UAS.cSa

wing, with Scer\GAL4^nub-AC-62

dco^{3.UAS.Tag:V5,Tag:polyHis}

wing, with Scer\GAL4^ptc-559.1

dco^RNAi.WIZ.UAS

wing (with Df(3R)A177der20), with dco^L39Q

dco^le88

wing | somatic clone | increased number, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PP

dco^DN.UAS

wing disc

dco³

wing disc, with dco³

dco^L39Q

wing disc, with dco^L39Q

dco³

wing disc, with Df(3R)A177der20, dco^L39Q, dco^le88

dco^S101R

wing disc, with Df(3R)A177der20, dco^L39Q, dco^S101R

dco^le88

wing disc, with Df(3R)A177der20, dco^S101R, dco^le88

dco^L39Q

wing disc (with dco³)

dco^le88

wing disc (with dco^le88)

dco³

wing disc | larval stage

dco³

wing disc | somatic clone

dco^j3B9

wing hair, with Scer\GAL4^bi-omb1-GAL4

dco^UAS.cSb

wing hair, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

dco^UAS.cKa

wing hair, with Scer\GAL4^en-e16E

dco^UAS.cSa

wing hair, with Scer\GAL4^ptc-559.1

wing hair (with dco²)

dco^5B2.6

wing hair (with dco^5B2.6)

dco²

wing hair | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone

dco^j3B9

wing margin bristle | increased number, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.blk1

dco^UAS.cKa

wing pouch

dco³

wing pouch, with dco³

dco^L39Q

wing pouch, with dco^L39Q

dco³

wing pouch, with Df(3R)A177der20/dco^le88

dco^L39Q

wing pouch (with Df(3R)A177der20), with dco^L39Q

dco^le88

wing vein

wing vein, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

dco^UAS.Tag:HA

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (13)

Hsap\CSNK1E

13 of 14

Yes

Hsap\CSNK1D

11 of 14

Yes

Hsap\TPTEP2-CSNK1E

10 of 14

Yes

7 of 14

6 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (11)

Rnor\Csnk1e

12 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Csnk1d

10 of 14

Yes

6 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

1 of 14

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (11)

Mmus\Csnk1e

13 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Csnk1d

10 of 14

Yes

7 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (8)

Xtro\csnk1d

8 of 13

Yes

Xtro\tptep2-csnk1e

7 of 13

Yes

Xtro\csnk1a1

5 of 13

Xtro\tmc2

5 of 13

Yes

2 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (17)

Drer\csnk1e

13 of 14

Yes

Drer\csnk1da

12 of 14

Yes

Drer\csnk1db

11 of 14

Yes

7 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (97)

Cele\kin-20

11 of 14

Yes

Cele\kin-19

7 of 14

Cele\C05C12.1

3 of 14

Cele\C09B9.4

3 of 14

Yes

Cele\C34B2.3

3 of 14

Cele\C44C10.7

3 of 14

Yes

Cele\F16B12.7

3 of 14

Yes

Cele\F22H10.1

3 of 14

Yes

Cele\F33D11.7

3 of 14

Cele\K08H2.5

3 of 14

Yes

3 of 14

3 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

Yes

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

2 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\C28A5.6

1 of 14

Cele\C38C3.4

1 of 14

Cele\C55B6.5

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\F16B12.5

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\F25F2.1

1 of 14

Cele\F26A1.4

1 of 14

Cele\F56H11.6

1 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\Y73B6A.2

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\Y111B2A.27

1 of 14

Cele\ZK354.2

1 of 14

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (8)

Agam\AgaP_AGAP004901

6 of 12

Yes

Agam\AgaP_AGAP000627

5 of 12

Agam\AgaP_AGAP008476

5 of 12

Yes

2 of 12

2 of 12

2 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (23)

Atha\ckl12

13 of 13

Yes

Atha\ADK1

12 of 13

Yes

Atha\CK1

12 of 13

Yes

Atha\CKL2

12 of 13

Yes

Atha\ckl5

12 of 13

Yes

Atha\ckl7

12 of 13

Yes

Atha\ckl10

12 of 13

Yes

Atha\CKI1

11 of 13

Yes

Atha\CKL6

11 of 13

Yes

Atha\ckl8

11 of 13

Yes

Atha\CKL13

11 of 13

Yes

Atha\ckl3

9 of 13

Yes

Atha\ckl4

9 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT4G08800

6 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT2G25760

2 of 13

Atha\AT3G03930

2 of 13

Yes

2 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (4)

Scer\HRR25

11 of 13

Yes

Scer\YCK1

3 of 13

Scer\YCK2

3 of 13

Scer\YCK3

3 of 13

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (5)

Spom\hhp1

11 of 12

Yes

Spom\hhp2

8 of 12

Yes

Spom\cki1

2 of 12

Spom\cki2

2 of 12

Spom\cki3

2 of 12

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:dco. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (13)

9 of 13

7 of 13

6 of 13

5 of 13

5 of 13

5 of 13

4 of 13

4 of 13

bsd

3 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

familial advanced sleep phase syndrome 2

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

CSNK1D; casein kinase 1 delta

model of advanced sleep phase syndrome 2

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 4 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

dco^d06510

exacerbates amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 10

modeled by Hsap\TARDBP^{M337V.UAS.Tag:MYC}

(Kankel et al., 2020)

dco^UAS.cKa

ameliorates amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 6

modeled by Hsap\FUS^P525L.UAS

(Kishino et al., 2022)

dco^UAS.cUa

exacerbates amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

modeled by Hsap\TARDBP^{Q331K.UAS.cLa}

(Choksi et al., 2014)

dco^{K38R.UAS.Tag:MYC}

exacerbates tauopathy

modeled by Hsap\MAPT^GMR.Ex.PJ

(Means et al., 2015)

exacerbates amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 6

modeled by Hsap\FUS^P525L.UAS

(Kishino et al., 2022)

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

CSNK1E; casein kinase 1 epsilon

13 of 14

600863

CSNK1D; casein kinase 1 delta

11 of 14

CASEIN KINASE I, DELTA; CSNK1D

ADVANCED SLEEP PHASE SYNDROME, FAMILIAL, 2; FASPS2

advanced sleep phase syndrome 2

TPTEP2-CSNK1E; TPTEP2-CSNK1E readthrough

10 of 14

CSNK1A1L; casein kinase 1 alpha 1 like

7 of 14

CSNK1A1; casein kinase 1 alpha 1

6 of 14

600505

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

dco - AP-1-2β

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

dco - Bdbt

pull down, western blot, tag visualisation by fluorescence, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Venkatesan et al., 2019, Venkatesan et al., 2015, Fan et al., 2013)

dco - CkIα

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

dco - Clk

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation

(Menet et al., 2010, Yu et al., 2009)

dco - Dlish

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Zhang et al., 2016)

dco - Fbxl7

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Bosch et al., 2014)

dco - Nnk

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based

(Rhee et al., 2014)

dco - Pdp1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, enzymatic study, autoradiography

(Choi et al., 2009)

dco - Vang

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Kelly et al., 2016)

dco - ci

enzymatic study, autoradiography, interologs mapping, inferred by curator

(Shi et al., 2014)

dco - cliff

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

dco - ft

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Pan et al., 2013, Feng and Irvine, 2009, Sopko et al., 2009)

dco - spag

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Fan et al., 2015)

dco - tim

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Yu et al., 2009, Kloss et al., 2001)

RNA-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

dco - AGO2

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, primer specific pcr

(Taliaferro et al., 2013)

dco - lark

nucleic acid uv cross-linking assay, autoradiography, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, primer specific pcr

(Huang et al., 2014)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

dco

suppressible

Ankrd49

(Strutt and Strutt, 2020)

dco

suppressible

Bdbt

(Strutt and Strutt, 2020)

dco

enhanceable

CkIα

(Strutt et al., 2006)

suppressible

(Cho et al., 2006)

suppressible

(Klein et al., 2006)

dco

suppressible

Fbxl7

(Bosch et al., 2014)

dco

enhanceable

(Klein et al., 2006)

dco

suppressible

per

(Wang et al., 2022, Zheng et al., 2014, Rothenfluh et al., 2000)

dco

enhanceable

(Strutt et al., 2006)

dco

enhanceable

wts

(Dolezal et al., 2010)

dco

suppressible

wts

(Feng and Irvine, 2009)

dco

suppressible

Zyx

(Rauskolb et al., 2011)

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

suppressible

(Fan et al., 2013)

enhanceable

(Fan et al., 2013)

suppressible

(Zhu et al., 2005)

enhanceable

(Zhu et al., 2005)

suppressible

(Kwon et al., 2013)

dom

enhanceable

dco

(Kwon et al., 2013)

dsh

suppressible

dco

(Klein et al., 2006)

Fmr1

suppressible

dco

(Cziko et al., 2009)

fz2

enhanceable

dco

(Klein et al., 2006)

enhanceable

dco

(Klein et al., 2006, Strutt et al., 2006)

suppressible

dco

(Klein et al., 2006)

fzr

suppressible

dco

(Neuert et al., 2017)

suppressible

dco

(Singh et al., 2005)

lark

suppressible

dco

(Huang et al., 2014)

lark

enhanceable

dco

(Huang et al., 2014)

Pdfr

suppressible

dco

(Zheng et al., 2014)

suppressible

(Bao et al., 2001)

suppressible

(Zhu et al., 2005)

enhanceable

(Zhu et al., 2005)

suppressible

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Vang

enhanceable

dco

(Klein et al., 2006)

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Forms a complex with per (PubMed:9674431). Interacts with Dlish (PubMed:27692068). Interacts (via nuclear localization signal) with Bdbt (PubMed:26082158).

(UniProt, O76324 )

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

68523

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0002413

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

43673

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

43673

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

POSITIVE REGULATORS OF WNT-TCF SIGNALING PATHWAY
POSITIVE REGULATORS OF HIPPO SIGNALING PATHWAY
POSITIVE REGULATORS OF HEDGEHOG SIGNALING PATHWAY
NEGATIVE REGULATORS OF HEDGEHOG SIGNALING PATHWAY

Metabolic Pathways

FlyBase

External Links

External Data

Linkouts

KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.

O76324

Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

3-102

Cytogenetic map

100B1-100B2

Sequence location

3R:31,054,085..31,061,210 [-]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

100B1-100B2

; Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}Aph-4⁰⁷⁰²⁸&P{PZ}dco^rK215 and P{PZ}l(3)rM731^rM731

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

100B2-100B4

(Kloss, 1998.3.24)

100B2-100B4

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Spradling et al., 1999)

100B-100B

(determined by in situ hybridisation) 100B1--5 (determined by in situ hybridisation) 100B3--5 (determined by in situ hybridisation) 100B (determined by in situ hybridisation) 61A (determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Szeged Stock Center, 1998-)

100B-100B

(determined by in situ hybridisation) 100B1--5 (determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Deak et al., 1997)

100B1-100B2

(BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

3-102

(FlyBase, 2016)

3-98.9

(Comeron et al., 2012)

Left of (cM)

(Price et al., 1998)

Right of (cM)

(Price et al., 1998)

Notes

Among 20,000 progeny, no recombinants between dco and l(3)03670 were recovered.

(Zilian et al., 1999)

dco is closely linked to ld.

(Price et al., 1998)

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (42)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

26274

80977

66597

26269

w^*; P{UAS-dco.K}1/CyO

80981

w¹¹¹⁸; P{UAS-dco.K38R.MYC}22F

Korea

16629

P{VT050273-lexA::GADfl}attP40

2048R-1

2048R-3

v330069

v200003

P{VT050273-GAL4}attP2

v9241

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD1259}v9241

v318733

PBac{fTRG01037.sfGFP-TVPTBF}VK00002

More stocks available...

Genomic Clones (15)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (46)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

LD04938

Other clones

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0002413

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0002413

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

polyclonal

(Preuss et al., 2004)

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

New stable cell line derived from S2-unspecified : dco[WT], inducible Tag:MYC-tagged, dco^S, dco^L, the catalytically inactive dco[K38R] protein, or truncated forms of dco were used to produce stably transfected S2 cell lines.
(Fan et al., 2009)

Other Comments

dco-mediated hyperphosphorylation of Clk does not require cyc or the DNA-binding domain of Clk.

(Kim and Edery, 2006)

The kinase activity of the dco product appears to be required for wg/arm signalling, but not for fz/PCP signalling.

(Klein et al., 2006)

dco kinase activity controls the subcellular localization of per.

(Cyran et al., 2005)

The dco and CkIα products act additively to provide optimal kinase activity required for efficient ci protein phosphorylation and processing.

(Jia et al., 2005)

dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R⁺ cell morphology.

(Kiger et al., 2003)

dco can regulate the feedback of per protein on its mRNA by delaying the time at which it is translocated to nuclei and altering the level of nuclear per during the declining phase of the cycle.

(Bao et al., 2001)

dco affects the nuclear entry or stability of per protein. dco contributes to the generation of circadian rhythmicity by regulating multiple steps of clock biochemistry.

(Bao et al., 2001)

Sensitization to repeated cocaine exposures, a phenomenon also seen in humans and animal models and associated with enhanced drug craving, is eliminated in flies mutant for per, dco, Clk, and cyc but not tim.

(Andretic et al., 1999)

dco, along with other circadian genes Clk, cyc, and per (but not tim) have roles in regulating cocaine sensitization and may function as regulators of Tdc.

(Andretic et al., 1999)

dco loss of function mutants show strong effects on cell survival and growth control in imaginal discs.

(Zilian et al., 1999)

The dco protein is a crucial component in the mechanism that links cell survival during proliferation to growth arrest in imaginal discs.

(Zilian et al., 1999)

The gene product of the dco locus regulates per protein accumulation. The function of dco may be to reduce the stability and thus the level of accumulation of monomeric per proteins, promoting the delay between per/tim transcription and the function of the per/tim protein complex, which is essential for molecular rhythmicity.

(Price et al., 1998)

Some of the proteins of apico-lateral junctions are required both for apico-basal cell polarity and for the signalling mechanisms controlling cell proliferation, whereas others are required more specifically in cell-cell signalling.

(Woods et al., 1997)

Mutants display hyperplastic phenotype, imaginal disc overgrowth.

(Mechler, 1994)

Endocrine mechanisms responsible for the prolongation of larval life in dco mutants have been investigated: results suggest that delayed pupariation is caused by the overgrown imaginal discs inhibiting the production or release of ecdysteroids from the endocrine system.

(Sehnal and Bryant, 1993)

Reduced ecdysteroid titer and delayed or blocked metamorphosis in mutants may be a result of altered neuropeptide production, which is probably secondary to the imaginal disc overgrowth.

(Zitnan et al., 1993)

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Source for merge of: dco dbt

(Zilian et al., 1999)

Source for merge of: dco l(3)S144701 l(3)S053813

(Zilian et al., 1999)

Additional comments

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Source for identity of: dco CG2048

(Yao, 1999.11)

Nomenclature comments

Etymology

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (47)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

0538/13

(Deak et al., 1997)

0915/10

(Deak et al., 1997)

1396/02

(Deak et al., 1997)

1447/01

(Deak et al., 1997)

1460/09

(Deak et al., 1997)

CG2048

(Meadows, 2017.1.11, Neuert et al., 2017, Hosono et al., 2015, Ni et al., 2011.7.19, Mohammad et al., 2009, Perkins et al., 2009, Ni et al., 2008, Morrison et al., 2000)

CK1epsilon

(Ding and Dale, 2002)

CK1δ/ε

(Chiu et al., 2011)

CK1ε

(Harrison et al., 2020, Kelly et al., 2016, Li et al., 2016, Shi et al., 2014, Galletti et al., 2009, Mennella et al., 2009, Sehgal, 2008)

CKIε

(Schertel et al., 2013, Dolezal et al., 2010, Jenny et al., 2007, Jenny et al., 2007, Klein et al., 2006, Strutt et al., 2006, Zhang et al., 2006, Apionishev et al., 2005, Jia et al., 2005, Zhang et al., 2005, He, 2003, Polakis, 2002, Yanagawa et al., 2002, Hardin, 2000)

DBT

(Damulewicz and Mazzotta, 2025, Iyer et al., 2025, Spangler et al., 2025, Stevenson et al., 2025, Brown et al., 2024, Johnson et al., 2023, Mele et al., 2023, Nolan et al., 2023, Mosier and Hurley, 2021, Patke et al., 2020, Pelham et al., 2020, Philpott et al., 2020, Hegazi et al., 2019, Venkatesan et al., 2019, Xue et al., 2019, Huang, 2018, Pilorz et al., 2018, Yadlapalli et al., 2018, Young, 2018, Dubowy and Sehgal, 2017, He et al., 2017, Mendoza-Viveros et al., 2017, Xing et al., 2017, Mazzoccoli et al., 2016, Ki et al., 2015, Merbitz-Zahradnik and Wolf, 2015, Zordan and Sandrelli, 2015, Guo et al., 2014, Yao and Shafer, 2014, Garbe et al., 2013, Syed et al., 2011, Wu et al., 2011, Allada and Chung, 2010, Ko et al., 2010, Menet et al., 2010, T et al., 2008, Kuczenski et al., 2007, Kim and Edery, 2006, Merrow, 2006, Yu and Hardin, 2006, Yu et al., 2006, Cyran et al., 2005, Jia et al., 2005, Schoning and Staiger, 2005, Yildiz et al., 2005, Dunlap, 2004, Nawathean and Rosbash, 2004, Ripperger and Schibler, 2001)

DBT/CK1ε

(Kyriacou and Odell, 2004)

DCO

(Raun et al., 2021, Androschuk et al., 2015, Grotewiel and Bettinger, 2015, Harvey and Hariharan, 2012, Nicolas and Preat, 2005)

DCO/CKIe

(Morrison et al., 2000)

Dbt

(Shirakawa et al., 2024, Galander and Marston, 2020, Means et al., 2015, Peschel and Helfrich-Förster, 2011, Apionishev et al., 2005, Hardin, 2005, Cong et al., 2004, Grima et al., 2002, Li et al., 2002, Ueda et al., 2001)

Dco

(Kishino et al., 2022, Fulford and McNeill, 2020, Gou et al., 2020, Kelly et al., 2016, Irvine and Harvey, 2015, Enderle and McNeill, 2013, Pan et al., 2013, Yu and Guan, 2013, Fausti et al., 2012, Liu et al., 2012, Halder and Johnson, 2011, Zhao et al., 2011, Zhai et al., 2008, Guan et al., 2005)

Dco/CK1

(Galletti et al., 2007)

ck1ε

(Lum et al., 2003)

dCKIε

(Merrow, 2006)

dbt

(Chatterjee et al., 2025, Kang et al., 2025, Nolan et al., 2024, Khatib et al., 2023, Rodrigues et al., 2023, Philyaw et al., 2022, Thakkar et al., 2022, Wang et al., 2022, Funato, 2020, Wang et al., 2020, Venkatesan et al., 2019, Chatterjee et al., 2018, Lam et al., 2018, Top et al., 2018, Jiang et al., 2017, Selcho et al., 2017, Di Cara and King-Jones, 2016, Fu et al., 2016, Andreazza et al., 2015, Fan et al., 2015, Kang et al., 2015, Lazopulo et al., 2015, Means et al., 2015, Tataroglu and Emery, 2015, Venkatesan et al., 2015, Zwarts et al., 2015, Choksi et al., 2014, Huang et al., 2014, Pegoraro et al., 2014, Zheng et al., 2014, Garbe et al., 2013, Abruzzi et al., 2011, Chiu et al., 2011, Sehgal and Mignot, 2011, Ko et al., 2010, Li et al., 2010, Sun et al., 2010, Zhang et al., 2010, Choi et al., 2009, Cziko et al., 2009, Fan et al., 2009, Kotwica et al., 2009, O'Keefe et al., 2009, Yu et al., 2009, Chiu et al., 2008, Kivimäe et al., 2008, Ogawa et al., 2008, Sekine et al., 2008, Yang et al., 2008, Huang et al., 2007, Kim et al., 2007, Ko et al., 2007, Muskus et al., 2007, Nawathean et al., 2007, Vosshall, 2007, Klein et al., 2006, Price, 2006, Yu et al., 2006, Zhou et al., 2006, Cyran et al., 2005, Looby and Loudon, 2005, Xu et al., 2005, Marino, 2004, Preuss et al., 2004, Preuss et al., 2004, Sathyanarayanan et al., 2004, Smolen et al., 2004, Hall, 2003, Stanewsky, 2003, Ko et al., 2002, Lefers and Holmgren, 2002, Panda et al., 2002, Price and Kalderon, 2002, Bao et al., 2001, Brown and Schibler, 2001, Clayton et al., 2001, Kloss et al., 2001, Kyriacou and Hastings, 2001, Merrow and Roenneberg, 2001, Roenneberg and Merrow, 2001, Rosato and Kyriacou, 2001, Bae et al., 2000, Hardin, 2000, Lakin-Thomas, 2000, Loudon et al., 2000, Rothenfluh et al., 2000, Rothenfluh et al., 2000, Scully and Kay, 2000, Suri et al., 2000, Wager-Smith and Kay, 2000, Yang et al., 2000, Young, 2000, Young, 2000, Andretic and Hirsh, 1999, Andretic et al., 1999, Dunlap, 1999, Dunlap et al., 1999, Giebultowicz, 1999, Spradling et al., 1999, Subramanian and Lakhotia, 1999, Tsang, 1999.3.2, Tyson et al., 1999, Wolf, 1999, Zilian et al., 1999, Anonymous, 1998, Costa and Kyriacou, 1998, Dunlap, 1998, Green, 1998, Hardin, 1998, Kaneko, 1998, Kloss, 1998.3.24, Kloss et al., 1998, Peters, 1998, Price et al., 1998, Reppert, 1998, Whitmore et al., 1998, Wilsbacher and Takahashi, 1998, Young, 1998, Meister and Braun, 1995.10, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)

dco

(Lee et al., 2024, Matakatsu and Fehon, 2024, Stewart et al., 2024, Song et al., 2023, Titus et al., 2023, Berry et al., 2022, Ding et al., 2022, Perlegos et al., 2022, Kankel et al., 2020, Strutt and Strutt, 2020, Boomgarden et al., 2019, Fulford et al., 2019, Meltzer et al., 2019, Mendoza and Vanotti, 2019, Prasad et al., 2019, Snigdha et al., 2019, Strutt et al., 2019, Muñoz-Soriano et al., 2018, Anderson et al., 2017, Matakatsu et al., 2017, Neuert et al., 2017, Clandinin and Owens, 2016-, Di Cara and King-Jones, 2016, Sarov et al., 2016, Zhang et al., 2016, Di Cara et al., 2015, Bosch et al., 2014, Sopko et al., 2014, Zhimulev et al., 2014, Kwon et al., 2013, Kwon et al., 2013, Kwon et al., 2013, Schertel et al., 2013, Taliaferro et al., 2013, Yin et al., 2013, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Kaun et al., 2012, Legent et al., 2012, Singh and Mlodzik, 2012, Bao et al., 2011, Friedman et al., 2011, Jukam and Desplan, 2011, Rauskolb et al., 2011, Dolezal et al., 2010, Milton et al., 2010, Sellix et al., 2010, Christensen et al., 2009.2.28, Cziko et al., 2009, Feng and Irvine, 2009, Mohammad et al., 2009, Nanda et al., 2009, Sopko et al., 2009, FlyBase Curators, 2008-, Turner et al., 2008, Weber, 2008.12.10, Feng and Irvine, 2007, Feng et al., 2007, Guan et al., 2007, Huang et al., 2007, Vosshall, 2007, Cho et al., 2006, Schwartz et al., 2006, Strutt et al., 2006, Grifoni et al., 2004)

dco-1

(Gateff, 1994)

ddbt

(Weber and Kay, 2003)

l(3)S053813

(Szeged Stock Center, 1998-)

l(3)S144701

(Szeged Stock Center, 1998-)

l(3)dco

(Mechler, 1994, Zilian et al., 1993, Frigerio et al., 1990)

l(3)dco-1

(Mechler, 1990, Gateff and Mechler, 1989)

l(3)discs overgrown

(Potter et al., 2000, Fristrom and Fristrom, 1993)

l(3)discs overgrown-1

(Cohen, 1993)

l(3)j3B9

(Beaton, 2000.1.31)

l(3)rK215

Name Synonyms

Casein Kinase I epsilon

(Klein et al., 2006)

Casein Kinase Iε

(Guan et al., 2007)

Casein kinase 1

(Zheng et al., 2014)

Casein kinase I epsilon

(Dolezal et al., 2010)

DOUBLE-TIME

(Yu and Hardin, 2006, Yu et al., 2006)

DOUBLETIME

(Fu et al., 2016, Zheng et al., 2014, Fan et al., 2013, Garbe et al., 2013, Chiu et al., 2011, Ko et al., 2010, Zhang et al., 2010, Choi et al., 2009, Yu et al., 2009, T et al., 2008)

Discs overgrown

(Sadeqzadeh et al., 2014, Fausti et al., 2012, Harvey and Hariharan, 2012, Bao et al., 2011, Halder and Johnson, 2011, Guan et al., 2007, Guan et al., 2005)

Double time

(Guan et al., 2005, Cong et al., 2004)

Double-Time

(Cyran et al., 2005)

Double-time

(Jia and Jiang, 2006, Brown and Schibler, 1999)

Doubletime

(Philpott et al., 2020, Young, 2018, Mazzoccoli et al., 2016, Means et al., 2015, Yao and Shafer, 2014, Syed et al., 2011, Fan et al., 2009, Vodovar et al., 2002)

disc overgrown

(Dolezal et al., 2010)

discs overgrown

(Di Cara et al., 2015, Harvey et al., 2013, Pan et al., 2013, Kaun et al., 2012, Singh and Mlodzik, 2012, Milton et al., 2010, Cziko et al., 2009, Feng and Irvine, 2009, Nanda et al., 2009, Feng and Irvine, 2007, Huang et al., 2007, Vosshall, 2007, Cho et al., 2006, Klein et al., 2006, Strutt et al., 2006)

double time

(Feng and Irvine, 2009, Guan et al., 2007)

double-time

(Jiang et al., 2017, Li et al., 2010, Sekine et al., 2008, Vosshall, 2007, Strutt et al., 2006, Rush et al., 2005, Hall, 2003, Stanewsky, 2003, Stanewsky, 2002, Ishida et al., 2001, Kloss et al., 2001, Merrow and Roenneberg, 2001, Hastings and Maywood, 2000, Lakin-Thomas, 2000, Young, 2000, Wolf, 1999, Price et al., 1998, Young, 1998)

doubletime

(Philpott et al., 2023, Wang et al., 2022, Andreazza et al., 2015, Choksi et al., 2014, Kaun et al., 2012, Sehgal and Mignot, 2011, Cziko et al., 2009, Kivimäe et al., 2008, Huang et al., 2007, Muskus et al., 2007, Nawathean et al., 2007, Dunlap, 2004, Preuss et al., 2004, Hendricks, 2003, Van Gelder et al., 2003, Kyriacou, 2002, Laakso et al., 2002, Smolen et al., 2001, Loudon et al., 2000)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBgn0011349
FBgn0011508
FBgn0024895
FBgn0027967
FBgn0028129

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 92 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

43673

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

O76324

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

O76324

UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

A0A0B4KHX3

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

O76324

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0002413

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

43673/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0002413

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0002413

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0002413

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG2048

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

43673

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

68523

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0002413

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0002413

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0002413

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

dco_1

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0002413

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0002413

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG2048

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0002413

iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

TC034052

Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution

Interactive Fly

KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

43673

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

43673

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.

O76324

References (387)

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

-0.26

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