FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\scyl

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\scyl

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

scylla

Annotation Symbol

CG7590

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0041094

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

8 publicly available

Gene Summary

Inhibits cell growth by regulating the Tor pathway upstream of the Tsc1-Tsc2 complex and downstream of Akt1. Acts as a cell death activator during head development. (UniProt, Q9VTH4)

Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.

All Summaries

Alliance
Auto summary
UniProtKB
Interactive Fly

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

68B4-68C1

Sequence location

3L:11,252,307..11,256,172 [+]

Recombination map

3-35

RefSeq locus

NT_037436 REGION:11252307..11256172

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse JBrowse2 (beta)

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (8 terms)

Molecular Function (0 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Biological Process (7 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (6 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in apoptotic process

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Scuderi et al., 2006)

involved_in head involution

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Scuderi et al., 2006)

involved_in mating

inferred from expression pattern

(Swanson et al., 2001)

involved_in negative regulation of growth

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:chrb; FB:FBgn0036165

(Reiling and Hafen, 2004)

involved_in regulation of TOR signaling

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Scuderi et al., 2006)

involved_in response to oxidative stress

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Reiling and Hafen, 2004)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in apoptotic process

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000280371

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

involved_in negative regulation of signal transduction

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR012918

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

involved_in regulation of TOR signaling

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000280371

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Cellular Component (1 term)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in cytoplasm

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q9NX09

(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR012918

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

Gene Group / Complex (FlyBase)

Protein Family (UniProt)

Belongs to the DDIT4 family. (Q9VTH4)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Summaries

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

Inhibits cell growth by regulating the Tor pathway upstream of the Tsc1-Tsc2 complex and downstream of Akt1. Acts as a cell death activator during head development.

(UniProt, Q9VTH4)

Summary (Interactive Fly)

conserved proteins acting downstream of PKB and upstream of TSC to regulate growth - they are induced under hypoxic conditions, thus establishing a potential cross-talk between growth and oxygen sensing - required for head involution

Interactive Fly

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\scyl for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry Q9VTH4)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.50

Gene model reviewed during 5.51

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

scyl-RA

FBtr0076168

NM_140199

2195

280

scyl-RC

FBtr0339908

NM_206321

3124

280

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

scyl-PA

FBpp0075899

30.8

280

9.57

FBpp0308940

30.8

280

9.57

Q9VTH4

NP_996043

AAS65038

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

280 aa isoforms: scyl-PA, scyl-PC

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

Q9VTH4

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\scyl using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-1.29

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

larval stage

wing disc

(Organista et al., 2015)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

Expression Deduced from Reporters

Reporter: P{PTT-GC}scyl^ZCL0611

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

oogenesis & adult stage | female

follicle cell

• cytoplasm

(Cooley et al., 2003.5)

follicle cell

• nucleus

(Cooley et al., 2003.5)

oogenesis stage S9 -- S10

border follicle cell

(Manning et al., 2017)

centripetal follicle cell

(Manning et al., 2017)

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\scyl in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\scyl

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\scyl

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

39270/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0041094

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0041094

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0041094

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG7590

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0041094

Images

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 22 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 5 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of scyl

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of scyl

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 0 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 0 )

Inferred from location ( 4 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

viable

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

scyl^GD9925

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

scyl^GD9925

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

scyl^GD9925

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

scyl^GD9925

Sterility

Allele

fertile

Other Phenotypes

Allele

decreased cell size, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PI

scyl^EP22.1

decreased cell size | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PB

scyl^EP22.1

long lived, with Scer\GAL4^da.G32

scyl^EP22.1

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (2)

Hsap\DDIT4L

11 of 14

Yes

Hsap\DDIT4

10 of 14

Yes

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (3)

Rnor\Ddit4l

10 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Ddit4l2

8 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Ddit4

8 of 14

Yes

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (2)

Mmus\Ddit4l

10 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Ddit4

10 of 14

Yes

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (2)

Xtro\ddit4l

8 of 13

Yes

Xtro\ddit4

8 of 13

Yes

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (2)

Drer\ddit4

10 of 14

Yes

Drer\si:ch211-39i2.2

1 of 14

Yes

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)

Agam\AgaP_AGAP011600

6 of 12

Yes

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:scyl. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (1)

chrb

9 of 13

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

DDIT4L; DNA damage inducible transcript 4 like

11 of 14

607730

DDIT4; DNA damage inducible transcript 4

10 of 14

607729

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

Interaction Browsers

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Akt|Pdk1

enhanceable

scyl

(Reiling and Hafen, 2004)

Pdk1|Akt

suppressible

scyl

(Reiling and Hafen, 2004)

External Data

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

64642

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0041094

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

FlyBase

External Links

External Data

Linkouts

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

TP53 Regulates Metabolic Genes

Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

3-35

Cytogenetic map

68B4-68C1

Sequence location

3L:11,252,307..11,256,172 [+]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

68B4-68C1

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(3)01239⁰¹²³⁹&P{lacW}l(3)01239^j9B4 and P{PZ}CycA⁰²⁴⁶¹&P{PZ}CycA⁰³⁹⁴⁶

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

68C-68C

(Chauvet, 2000.1.5)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

3-35

(FlyBase, 2016)

3-29.1

(Comeron et al., 2012)

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (8)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

Bloomington

26958

y¹ w^*; P{EP}scyl^G19318

91427

y¹ w^*; TI{CRIMIC.TG4.1}scyl^{CR01896-TG4.1}

6823

y¹ w¹¹¹⁸; P{PTT-GC}scyl^ZCL0611/TM3, Ser¹

Kyoto

110736

w^* P{PTT-GC}scyl^ZCL0611

112085

w^*; P{GawB}scyl^NP0206 / TM6, P{UAS-lacZ.UW23-1}UW23-1

NIG-Fly

7590R-1

P{NIG.7590R}1

VDRC

v25506

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD9925}v25506

v25504

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD9925}v25504/CyO

Genomic Clones (25)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (174)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

RE71335

Other clones

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0041094

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0041094

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

Other Comments

scyl functions redundantly to chrb and is a downstream target of homeobox regulation.

(Scuderi et al., 2006)

Embryos injected with dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene show no observable phenotype. However, embryos injected with dsRNA against both this gene and chrb are embryonic lethal and show defects in head involution.

(Scuderi et al., 2006)

Area matching Drosophila ESTs AA950084 and AA978669.

(Davies, 2001.3.15)

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Source for merge of: scylla CG7590

(Bayraktaroglu, 2000.8.7)

Source for merge of: scyl anon-WO0118547.215

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Additional comments

Source for merge of scyl anon-WO0118547.215 was sequence comparison ( date:051113 ).

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Nomenclature comments

Etymology

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (9)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

7590

(Ravi et al., 2009)

CG7590

(Zhang et al., 2008, Quinones-Coello, 2007, Brody et al., 2002, Labourier et al., 2002)

REDD1

(Zhao et al., 2025)

Scyl

(Manning et al., 2017, Xu et al., 2016)

Scylla

(Lee et al., 2019)

anon-WO0118547.215

scy

(Reiling and Hafen, 2004)

scyl

(Podkolodnaya et al., 2025, Kosakamoto et al., 2024, Pollex et al., 2024, Bellec et al., 2022, Ågren et al., 2020, Hung et al., 2020, Brunet Avalos et al., 2019, Kockel et al., 2019, Gene Disruption Project members, 2018-, Organista et al., 2015, Ghavi-Helm et al., 2014, Lavagnino et al., 2013, Matzat et al., 2013, Chakrabarti et al., 2012, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Blanco et al., 2010, Foley et al., 2010, Mensch et al., 2008, Scuderi et al., 2006)

scylla

(Akdemir et al., 2007)

Name Synonyms

Scylla

(Zhao et al., 2025, Xu et al., 2016, Tran et al., 2013, Wullschleger, 2006)

scylla

(Matzat et al., 2013, Parvy et al., 2012, Truscott et al., 2011, Quinones-Coello, 2007, Kazuko et al., 2004)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBgn0036151
FBgn0062166

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 49 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

39270

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

Q9VTH4

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Q9VTH4

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

Q9VTH4

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

39270/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0041094

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0041094

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0041094

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG7590

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

39270

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

64642

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0041094

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0041094

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0041094

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0041094

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

DMEL:FBGN0041094

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG7590

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0041094

FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.

FBgn0041094

iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution

Interactive Fly

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

TP53 Regulates Metabolic Genes

References (85)

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

-1.29

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