FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\kra
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\kra
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
krasavietz
Annotation Symbol
CG2922
Feature Type
FlyBase ID
FBgn0250753
Gene Model Status
Stock Availability
Gene Summary
krasavietz (kra) encodes a translational regulator that is able to interact with the translation initiation factor encoded by eIF2β. It is involved in axon guidance, long-term memory, and alcohol addiction. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
Also Known As

exba, eIF-5C, l(3)03022, ECP, extra bases

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-47.5
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:5595364..5601136
Sequence
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (16 terms)
Molecular Function (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:RpL5; FB:FBgn0064225
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:shot; FB:FBgn0013733
inferred from direct assay
inferred from direct assay
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:eIF2β; FB:FBgn0004926
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Biological Process (7 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (7 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
involved_in long-term memory
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from direct assay
involved_in oogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:shot; FB:FBgn0013733
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in long-term memory
traceable author statement
Cellular Component (5 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from direct assay
located_in axon
inferred from direct assay
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
located_in filopodium
inferred from direct assay
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in cytoplasm
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000368070
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the BZW family. (Q9VNE2)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
krasavietz (kra) encodes a translational regulator that is able to interact with the translation initiation factor encoded by eIF2β. It is involved in axon guidance, long-term memory, and alcohol addiction. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
May be involved in memory formation.
(UniProt, Q9VNE2)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
7
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\kra for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9VNE2)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Annotated transcripts do not represent all possible combinations of alternative exons and/or alternative promoters.

Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR.

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
FBtr0078744
2123
422
FBtr0078749
1847
422
FBtr0078746
1906
422
FBtr0078748
2026
422
FBtr0078750
1701
422
FBtr0078747
1776
422
FBtr0078745
1614
422
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
FBpp0078393
49.2
422
5.46
FBpp0078398
49.2
422
5.46
FBpp0078395
49.2
422
5.46
FBpp0078397
49.2
422
5.46
FBpp0078399
49.2
422
5.46
FBpp0078396
49.2
422
5.46
FBpp0078394
49.2
422
5.46
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

422 aa isoforms: kra-PA, kra-PB, kra-PC, kra-PD, kra-PE, kra-PF, kra-PG
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records
 
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\kra using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-1.10

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from direct assay
located_in axon
inferred from direct assay
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
located_in filopodium
inferred from direct assay
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\kra in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 37 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 10 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of kra
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of kra
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 2 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 2 )
Inferred from location ( 6 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (3)
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
13 of 14
No
Yes
1  
1 of 14
No
No
1  
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (4)
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
13 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (4)
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (2)
11 of 13
Yes
Yes
6 of 13
No
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (8)
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
13 of 14
No
Yes
12 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (2)
11 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (4)
12 of 13
Yes
Yes
12 of 13
Yes
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)
1 of 12
Yes
No
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:kra. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (1)
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
Allele
Disease
Evidence
References
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
Human Ortholog
Disease
Evidence
References
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 3 )
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Homo sapiens (Human)
Gene name
Score
OMIM
OMIM Phenotype
DO term
Complementation?
Transgene?
Functional Complementation Data
Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
Interactions
Summary of Physical Interactions
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interaction Browsers

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
External Data
Linkouts
BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
Pathways
Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
Metabolic Pathways
FlyBase
External Links
External Data
Linkouts
Class of Gene
Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
Chromosome (arm)
3R
Recombination map
3-47.5
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Evidence for location
83B4-83B4
Left limit from in situ hybridisation (FBrf0067338) Right limit from in situ hybridisation (FBrf0067338); Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}Snr101319&P{PZ}Itp-r83A05616 and P{lacW}Atus1938
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Notes
References
83B4-83B4
83B4-83B2
(determined by in situ hybridisation)
83B1-83B5
(determined by in situ hybridisation)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Stocks and Reagents
Stocks (20)
Genomic Clones (14)
 

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (373)
 

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones
Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
Other clones
RNAi and Array Information
Linkouts
DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
Antibody Information
Laboratory Generated Antibodies
Commercially Available Antibodies
 
Cell Line Information
Publicly Available Cell Lines
 
    Other Stable Cell Lines
     
      Other Comments

      dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene.

      exba has a role in long-term memory.

      exba is required for lineage specification in the nervous system.

      Mutants produce extra neurons.

      Relationship to Other Genes
      Source for database merge of

      Source for merge of: eIF-5C l(3)03022

      Source for merge of: eIF-5C extra-bases

      Source for merge of: exba l(3)j9B6

      Source for merge of: eIF-5C anon-WO0172774.49

      Additional comments

      Source for identity of eIF-5C CG2922 was sequence comparison ( date:010210 ).

      Source for merge of eIF-5C anon-WO0172774.49 was sequence comparison ( date:051113 ).

      Nomenclature History
      Source for database identify of

      Source for identity of: eIF-5C CG2922

      Source for identity of: kra exba

      Nomenclature comments

      FlyBase curator comment: Originally named 'exba/extra bases' according to ADRC abstracts from the Lee group (FBrf0146421, FBrf0157123), but changed to 'kra/krasavietz' based on preference indicated in subsequently published research paper (FBrf0201378) by same group.

      Etymology
      Synonyms and Secondary IDs (36)
      Reported As
      Symbol Synonym
      anon-WO0172774.49
      chr3R:1423015..1423173
      l(3)j9B6
      Secondary FlyBase IDs
      • FBgn0061514
      • FBgn0046382
      • FBgn0010791
      • FBgn0037346
      • FBgn0011418
      Datasets (0)
      Study focus (0)
      Experimental Role
      Project
      Project Type
      Title
      Study result (0)
      Result
      Result Type
      Title
      External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 79 )
      Sequence Crossreferences
      NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
      GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
      RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
      UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
      UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
      Other crossreferences
      AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
      BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
      DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
      EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
      FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
      KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
      MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
      Linkouts
      BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
      Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
      FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
      Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
      Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
      iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
      MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      References (132)