FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\ca
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\ca
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
claret
Annotation Symbol
CG31037
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0000247
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
493 publicly available
Gene Summary
claret (ca) encodes a protein that is required for wild-type eye color. ca mutant flies show a wine-red eye color. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
99C2-99C2
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-99
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:29806811..29815047
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (8 terms)
Molecular Function (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Rab32; FB:FBgn0002567
(Ma et al., 2004)
enables small GTPase binding
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Rab32; FB:FBgn0002567
(Ma et al., 2004)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Biological Process (6 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in eye pigment granule organization
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Ma et al., 2004)
involved_in ommochrome biosynthetic process
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Harris et al., 2011)
involved_in regulation of autophagy
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Wang et al., 2012)
involved_in regulation of lipid storage
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Wang et al., 2012)
involved_in regulation of Rab protein signal transduction
inferred from direct assay
(Ma et al., 2004)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in eye pigment precursor transport
traceable author statement
(Reaume et al., 1991)
Cellular Component (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
claret (ca) encodes a protein that is required for wild-type eye color. ca mutant flies show a wine-red eye color. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
UNCLASSIFIED RAB GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE EXCHANGE FACTORS -
This group comprises Rab guanine nucleotide exchange factors that do not classify under other groups in FlyBase.
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
ca: claret
Eye color ruby. With cn, eye color is deep reddish yellow; with bw, translucent brownish yellow (Mainx, 1938, Z. Indukt. Abstamm. Vererbungsl. 75: 256-76). Larval Malpighian tubes colorless (Beadle, 1937, Genetics 22: 587-611). Eye color autonomous when larval optic disk from ca is transplanted into wild type or v. Wild-type disk in ca not entirely autonomous (Beadle and Ephrussi, 1936, Genetics 21: 230); ca flies produce less v+ substance than wild type (Clancy, 1942, Genetics 27: 417-40). Uptake of radio-labeled kynurenine by larval Malpighian tubules greatly reduced; uptake by developing eyes nearly normal (Sullivan and Sullivan, 1975, Biochem. Genet. 13: 603-13). Presence of 4-0-glucosyl-N-acetyldopamine, possibly a detoxification product of dopamine, reported by Okubo (1958, Med. J. Osaka Univ. 9: 327-37). Slightly narrow body and pointed wing. RK1.
cav: claret-variegated
cav/ca slightly variegated. Can be confused with wild type. cav/cand1 females produce normal progeny. Homozygous lethal. RK3A.
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
2
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\ca for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9VAG5)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.55

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.49

Gene model reviewed during 5.57

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
ca-RA
FBtr0085484
NM_170430
7026
1961
ca-RC
FBtr0346613
NM_001300664
6398
1961
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
ca-PA
FBpp0084850
217.9
1961
5.48
Q9VAG5
NP_733309
AAF56945
ca-PC
FBpp0312193
217.9
1961
5.48
Q9VAG5
NP_001287593
AHN57592
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

1961 aa isoforms: ca-PA, ca-PC
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\ca using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

0.16

Transcript Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult head
(Aradska et al., 2015)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\ca in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 61 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 8 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of ca
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of ca
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 48 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 48 )
Gene duplicated in
Dp(3;1)B152
(Frisardi and MacIntyre, 1984)
Dp(3;1)H135
Dp(3;1)H163
(Harris, 1977)
Dp(3;1)R87
Dp(3;Y)L127
(Frisardi and MacIntyre, 1984)
Ts(Y;3Rt)Kpn+
Ts(YSt;3Rt)B226
(Jurgens and Weigel, 1988)
Ts(YSt;3Rt)J116
(Jurgens and Weigel, 1988)
Gene disrupted in
Df(3R)BSC547
(Christensen et al., 2008.6.11)
Df(3R)cand1
(Yamamoto et al., 1989)
Df(3R)cand5
(Yamamoto et al., 1989)
Df(3R)cand6
(Yamamoto et al., 1989)
Df(3R)cand7
(Yamamoto et al., 1989)
Df(3R)cand8
(Yamamoto et al., 1989)
Df(3R)Drice
(Xu et al., 2006)
Df(3R)R61
(Mozer, 2001)
Dp(3;1)1A
(Kongsuwan et al., 1986, Frisardi and MacIntyre, 1984)
Dp(3;1)3
(Kongsuwan et al., 1986, Frisardi and MacIntyre, 1984)
Dp(3;1)19
(Frisardi and MacIntyre, 1984)
Dp(3;1)27
(Kongsuwan et al., 1986, Frisardi and MacIntyre, 1984)
Dp(3;1)34
(Kongsuwan et al., 1986, Frisardi and MacIntyre, 1984)
Dp(3;1)35
(Frisardi and MacIntyre, 1984)
Dp(3;1)45B
(Frisardi and MacIntyre, 1984)
Dp(3;1)46A
(Kongsuwan et al., 1986, Frisardi and MacIntyre, 1984)
Dp(3;1)48
(Kongsuwan et al., 1986, Frisardi and MacIntyre, 1984)
Dp(3;1)52
(Frisardi and MacIntyre, 1984)
Dp(3;1)67A
(Kongsuwan et al., 1986, Frisardi and MacIntyre, 1984)
Dp(3;1)67N
(Kongsuwan et al., 1986, Frisardi and MacIntyre, 1984)
Dp(3;1)74
(Kongsuwan et al., 1986, Frisardi and MacIntyre, 1984)
Dp(3;1)78
(Kongsuwan et al., 1986, Frisardi and MacIntyre, 1984)
Dp(3;1)79
(Kongsuwan et al., 1986, Frisardi and MacIntyre, 1984)
Dp(3;1)88
(Kongsuwan et al., 1986, Frisardi and MacIntyre, 1984)
Dp(3;1)93
(Kongsuwan et al., 1986, Frisardi and MacIntyre, 1984)
Dp(3;1)97
(Frisardi and MacIntyre, 1984)
Dp(3;1)124P
(Kongsuwan et al., 1986, Frisardi and MacIntyre, 1984)
Dp(3;1)138P
(Frisardi and MacIntyre, 1984)
Dp(3;1)150P
(Kongsuwan et al., 1986, Frisardi and MacIntyre, 1984)
Dp(3;1)152P
(Kongsuwan et al., 1986, Frisardi and MacIntyre, 1984)
Dp(3;1)165P
(Frisardi and MacIntyre, 1984)
Dp(3;1)R10
(Kongsuwan et al., 1986, Frisardi and MacIntyre, 1984)
Dp(3;1)R14
(Kongsuwan et al., 1986, Frisardi and MacIntyre, 1984)
In(3R)ca-nd3
(Sequeira et al., 1989)
Gene not disrupted in
Df(3R)01215
(Cook, 2006.1.31)
Df(3R)X3F
(Cook, 2006.1.31)
T(2;3)cand3
(Sequeira et al., 1989)
Gene not duplicated in
Dp(1;Y)su(f)+
(Gethmann, 1967)
Dp(3;1)Dr-RXT11
(Jurgens and Weigel, 1988)
Dp(3;1)O5
(Oliver, 1937)
Inferred from location ( 6 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (22)
Hsap\HERC1
4 of 14
Yes
Yes
Hsap\SERGEF
4 of 14
Yes
No
Hsap\HERC2
3 of 14
No
No
Hsap\RCBTB1
3 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\RCBTB2
3 of 14
No
No
Hsap\RCC1
3 of 14
No
No
2  
Hsap\RCCD1
3 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\ALS2
2 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\HERC3
2 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\HERC4
2 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\NEK9
2 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\RCC1L
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\RCC2
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\RPGR
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\EEA1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\HECTD3
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\HECTD4
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\HERC5
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\HERC6
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\IBTK
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\NEK8
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\ZZEF1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (19)
Rnor\Rcbtb1
3 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Rcbtb2
3 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Rccd1
3 of 14
Yes
No
Rnor\Rpgr
3 of 14
Yes
No
Rnor\Sergef
3 of 14
Yes
No
Rnor\Als2
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Herc1
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Herc2
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Rcc1l
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Rcc1
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Hectd3
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Herc3
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Herc4
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Herc6
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\LOC302586
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Nek8
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Nek9
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Rcc2
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Zzef1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (21)
Mmus\Herc1
3 of 14
Yes
No
Mmus\Rcbtb1
3 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Rcbtb2
3 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Rccd1
3 of 14
Yes
No
Mmus\Rpgr
3 of 14
Yes
No
Mmus\Sergef
3 of 14
Yes
No
Mmus\Als2
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Herc2
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Nek9
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Rcc1l
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Rcc1
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Eea1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Hectd3
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Hectd4
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Herc3
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Herc4
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Herc6
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Ibtk
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Nek8
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Rcc2
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Zzef1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (21)
Xtro\herc1
2 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\herc2
2 of 13
Yes
No
Xtro\herc3
2 of 13
Yes
No
Xtro\nek9
2 of 13
Yes
No
Xtro\dtx2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\gal.2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\hectd3
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\herc4
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\herc6
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\naa40
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\nek8
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\nucks1
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\rcbtb1
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\rcbtb2
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\rcc1l
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\rcc1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\rcc2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\rccd1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\rpgr
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\sergef
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\znf507
1 of 13
No
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (25)
Drer\rpgrb
4 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\herc1
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\rcbtb1
3 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\rcbtb2
3 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\sergef
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\als2b
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\herc2
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\LOC100536575
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\rcc1
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\rcc1l
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\rcc2
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\rpgra
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\als2a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\eea1
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\hectd3
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\herc3
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\herc4
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\herc5.1
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\herc5.2
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\herc5.3
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\herc5.4
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\LOC567670
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\nek8
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\nek9
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\rccd1
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (7)
Cele\glo-4
3 of 14
Yes
No
Cele\K11D2.1
2 of 14
No
No
Cele\ran-3
2 of 14
No
No
Cele\herc-1
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\nekl-1
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\tag-229
1 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\W09G3.7
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (11)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP004229
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP007506
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP011823
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP002151
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003742
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP004495
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP006265
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP006994
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP008272
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP006872
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP009939
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (24)
Atha\AT3G47660
4 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\RUG1
4 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\AT1G27060
3 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT1G65920
3 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT1G69710
3 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT3G02300
3 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT3G02510
3 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT3G15430
3 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT3G23270
3 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT3G53830
3 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT3G55580
3 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT4G14368
3 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT5G12350
3 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT5G16040
3 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT5G19420
3 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT5G42140
3 of 13
No
No
Atha\PRAF1
3 of 13
No
No
Atha\RUG2
3 of 13
No
No
Atha\RUG3
3 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT1G19880
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT3G03790
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT3G26100
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT5G11580
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\UVR8
2 of 13
No
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (3)
Scer\ATS1
1 of 13
Yes
No
Scer\FMP25
1 of 13
Yes
No
Scer\SRM1
1 of 13
Yes
No
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (3)
Spom\btb1
1 of 12
Yes
No
Spom\pim1
1 of 12
Yes
No
Spom\SPAC10F6.04
1 of 12
Yes
No
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:ca. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (12)
HERC2
4 of 13
CG3862
3 of 13
CG6678
3 of 13
CG7420
3 of 13
CG9135
3 of 13
Rcc1
3 of 13
CG33288
2 of 13
Herc4
2 of 13
Als2
1 of 13
CG8060
1 of 13
Nek2
1 of 13
niki
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    HERC1; HECT and RLD domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase family member 1
    4 of 14
    605109
      SERGEF; secretion regulating guanine nucleotide exchange factor
      4 of 14
      606051
          HERC2; HECT and RLD domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2
          3 of 14
          605837
          RCBTB1; RCC1 and BTB domain containing protein 1
          3 of 14
          607867
            RCBTB2; RCC1 and BTB domain containing protein 2
            3 of 14
            603524
                RCC1; regulator of chromosome condensation 1
                3 of 14
                179710
                   
                  RCCD1; RCC1 domain containing 1
                  3 of 14
                  617997
                       
                      Functional Complementation Data
                      Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
                      Interactions
                      Summary of Physical Interactions
                      Interaction Browsers
                      View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
                      Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
                      protein-protein
                      Physical Interaction
                      Assay
                      References
                      ca - Rab32
                      pull down, anti tag western blot
                      (Ma et al., 2004)
                      Summary of Genetic Interactions
                      Interaction Browsers
                      View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
                      Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
                      Starting gene(s)
                      Interaction type
                      Interacting gene(s)
                      Reference
                      ca
                      enhanceable
                      w
                      (Lloyd et al., 2002)
                      Starting gene(s)
                      Interaction type
                      Interacting gene(s)
                      Reference
                      aos
                      enhanceable
                      ca
                      (Harris et al., 2011)
                      bchs
                      enhanceable
                      ca
                      (Simonsen et al., 2007)
                      External Data
                      Linkouts
                      BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                      Pathways
                      Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
                      Metabolic Pathways
                      FlyBase
                      External Links
                      External Data
                      Linkouts
                      Class of Gene
                      Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
                      Chromosome (arm)
                      3R
                      Recombination map
                      3-99
                      Cytogenetic map
                      99C2-99C2
                      Sequence location
                      FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
                      Cytogenetic map
                      Evidence for location
                      99C2-99C2
                      Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}ncd05884 and P{lacW}l(3)s2500s2500
                      Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
                      Cytogenetic map
                      Notes
                      References
                      99B8-99B10
                      (determined by in situ hybridisation)
                      (Yamamoto et al., 1989)
                      Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
                      Location

                      3-99

                      (FlyBase, 2016)

                      3-97.0

                      (Comeron et al., 2012)

                      3-100.7

                      (Ives, 1949)
                      Left of (cM)
                      (Lewis, 1956)
                      Right of (cM)
                      (Boyd et al., 1981)
                      Notes
                      Stocks and Reagents
                      Stocks (493)
                      Genomic Clones (15)
                       

                      Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

                      cDNA Clones (27)
                       

                      Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

                      cDNA clones, fully sequenced
                      BDGP DGC clones
                      Other clones
                      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

                      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

                      cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
                      BDGP DGC clones
                      Other clones
                      RNAi and Array Information
                      Linkouts
                      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                      Antibody Information
                      Laboratory Generated Antibodies
                       
                      Commercially Available Antibodies
                       
                      Cell Line Information
                      Publicly Available Cell Lines
                       
                        Other Stable Cell Lines
                         
                          Other Comments

                          Lesions in ca reduce or eliminate pigmentation in the eyes and ocelli and block pigmentation of the fat body and tubules: ca is required for normal pigmentation of all four tissues. ca gene product may be a component of the ommochrome precursor transport system.

                          (Tearle, 1991)

                          The 'cand' locus has been found to be two closely linked but separate genes, ca and ncd.

                          (Yamamoto et al., 1989)

                          Pteridines (neodrosopterin, drosopterin, isodrosopterin, aurodrosopterin, 6-acetyl-dihydrohomopterin, sepiapterin, dihydrobiopterin, biopterin, pterin and isoxanthopterin) have been quantified in single and double mutants.

                          (Silva and Mensua, 1985)
                          Relationship to Other Genes
                          Source for database merge of

                          Source for merge of: ca CG31037

                          (Ma et al., 2004)
                          Additional comments

                          Annotations CG18133, CG7799 and CG18134 merged as CG31037 in release 3 of the genome annotation.

                          (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003)
                          Nomenclature History
                          Source for database identify of
                          Nomenclature comments
                          Etymology
                          Synonyms and Secondary IDs (10)
                          Datasets (0)
                          Study focus (0)
                          Experimental Role
                          Project
                          Project Type
                          Title
                          Study result (0)
                          Result
                          Result Type
                          Title
                          External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 38 )
                          Sequence Crossreferences
                          NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                          GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                          GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                          RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                          UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                          UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                          Other crossreferences
                          AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                          DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                          EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                          FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                          FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
                          InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
                          KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                          MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                          Linkouts
                          BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
                          DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                          Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
                          FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                          FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                          Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
                          Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
                          iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
                          References (134)