FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\PolQ

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\PolQ

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

DNA polymerase theta

Annotation Symbol

CG6019

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0002905

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

10 publicly available

Enzyme Name (EC)

DNA-directed DNA polymerase (2.7.7.7)

Gene Summary

DNA polymerase theta (PolQ) encodes DNA polymerase theta, a dual-domain protein with helicase-like and translesion polymerase domains. It contributes to repair/tolerance of DNA interstrand crosslinks and alternative-end joining repair of DNA double-strand breaks. [Date last reviewed: 2019-10-03] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)

All Summaries

Gene Snapshot
Alliance
Auto summary
Gene Group
UniProtKB
Red Book
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

mus308, Pol θ

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

87C6-87C6

Sequence location

3R:12,705,523..12,712,299 [-]

Recombination map

3-52

RefSeq locus

NT_033777 REGION:12705523..12712299

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (16 terms)

Molecular Function (7 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity

inferred from direct assay

(Beagan et al., 2017, Pang et al., 2005, Oshige et al., 1999)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (7 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables 5'-deoxyribose-5-phosphate lyase activity

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:O75417

(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)

enables ATP binding

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR011545

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

enables DNA binding

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001098

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

enables DNA polymerase activity

inferred from experiment

(Beagan et al., 2017, Pang et al., 2005, Oshige et al., 1999)

enables DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001098, InterPro:IPR002298

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000015249

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

enables nucleic acid binding

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR011545, InterPro:IPR036397

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

enables single-stranded DNA helicase activity

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:O75417

(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)

Biological Process (7 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (5 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in DNA biosynthetic process

inferred from direct assay

(Oshige et al., 1999)

involved_in DNA synthesis involved in DNA repair

inferred from direct assay

(Beagan et al., 2017)

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Chan et al., 2010)

involved_in double-strand break repair via alternative nonhomologous end joining

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Alexander et al., 2016)

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Beagan et al., 2017, Chan et al., 2010)

involved_in nucleotide-excision repair involved in interstrand cross-link repair

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Beagan et al., 2017, Chan et al., 2010)

involved_in replication fork processing

inferred from genetic interaction with UniProtKB:Q9VYA5

(Alexander et al., 2016)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in DNA replication

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001098

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

involved_in DNA-templated DNA replication

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002298

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

involved_in double-strand break repair via alternative nonhomologous end joining

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000015266

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Cellular Component (2 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

is_active_in mitochondrial nucleoid

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:O75417

(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)

is_active_in nucleus

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:O75417

(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)

located_in nucleus

inferred from experiment

(Pang et al., 2005)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

5'-DEOXYRIBOSE-5-PHOSPHATE LYASES

DNA POLYMERASE CATALYTIC SUBUNITS

UNCLASSIFIED DNA HELICASES

DNA POLYMERASE SUBUNITS

Protein Family (UniProt)

Belongs to the DNA polymerase type-A family. (O18475)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)

DNA polymerase activity
RHEA 22508: DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity

DNA(n) + a 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate = DNA(n+1) + diphosphate (2.7.7.7)

5'-deoxyribose-5-phosphate lyase activity
RHEA 76255:

Summaries

Gene Snapshot

Gene Group (FlyBase)

5'-DEOXYRIBOSE-5-PHOSPHATE LYASES -: 5'-deoxyribose-5-phosphate lyases catalyze the excision of the 5' deoxyribose-5-phosphate at an abasic site in DNA where a DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase has already cleaved the C-O-P bond 3' to the apurinic or apyrimidinic site. These enzymes play an important role in base excision repair pathway responsible for the repair of DNA lesions. (Adapted from PMID:11457865).
DNA POLYMERASE CATALYTIC SUBUNITS -: Multiple DNA polymerases are required for DNA replication and/or repair in eukaryotic cells. The alpha-primase, delta, epsilon, zeta and gamma polymerases exist as multi-subunit complexes in which one of the subunits has catalytic activity, whereas other DNA polymerases act as single molecules. (Adapted from PMID:30005324.)
UNCLASSIFIED DNA HELICASES -: This group comprises DNA helicases that do not classify under other groups in FlyBase.
DNA POLYMERASE SUBUNITS -: Multiple DNA polymerases are required for DNA replication in eukaryotic cells. The alpha-primase, delta and epsilon polymerases exist as multi-subunit complexes and are responsible for the bulk of nuclear DNA synthesis. Other specialized polymerases (including eta, iota, theta, zeta and Rev1) are required for nuclear DNA repair and/or translesion DNA synthesis. DNA polymerase gamma is responsible for the replication and repair of mitochondrial DNA. (Adapted from PMID:30005324.)

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

Multifunctional protein with both DNA polymerase and ATPase activities (PubMed:10343651, PubMed:15961355). Might have 3' to 5' exonuclease activity (PubMed:10343651). Plays a role in different DNA repair pathways such as DNA strand cross-link repair and microhomology-mediated end-joining (MMEJ), an alternative non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) machinery triggered in response to double-strand breaks (PubMed:20617203, PubMed:20936147, PubMed:28542210). MMEJ is an error-prone repair pathway that produces deletions of sequences from the strand being repaired and promotes genomic rearrangements, such as telomere fusions (PubMed:20617203). Utilizes short microhomologies present in partially and fully single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) as primers for DNA synthesis (PubMed:28542210). Prefers poly(dA)/oligo(dT) as a template-primer (PubMed:10343651). The ATPase activity is necessary during interstrand cross-link (ICL) repair and has a critical role in generating templated insertions during MMEJ (PubMed:28542210). Necessary for processing DNA damage induced by oxygen and N-ethylation (PubMed:10732683, PubMed:20936147). In follicle cells, contributes to double-strand break repair at physiological rereplication forks necessary for survival of fertilized eggs (PubMed:20936147, PubMed:27849606).

(UniProt, O18475)

Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)

mus308 (J.B. Boyd)

Larval survival hypersensitive to exposure to X rays (Oliveri, Harris, and Boyd, 1990, Mutat. Res. 235: 25-31), and nitrogen mustard. Partially deficient in post-replication repair (Boyd and Shaw, 1982, Mol. Gen. Genet. 186: 289-94) and excision (Boyd and Harris, 1981, Chromosoma 97: 607-23); DNA synthesis modified (Boyd and Shaw). Displays hypermutability to alkylating agents; defective both in alkylation and UV excision repair pathways (Smith and Dusenberg, 1988, Mechanisms and Consequences of DNA Damage Processing, Alan R. Liss, Inc., pp. 251-55). Defective in levels of nuclease 3, which is apparently active in the repair of DNA cross links (Boyd, Sakaguchi, and Harris, 1990, Genetics 125: 813-19).

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\PolQ for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry O18475)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

Comments on Gene Model

DGC data (RH44346) contradicts with the Genscan predition and introduces premature stop codon, thus was disregarded.

Gene model reviewed during 5.48

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

PolQ-RA

FBtr0082662

NM_079609

6420

2059

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

7 (northern blot)

(Harris et al., 1996)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

PolQ-PA

FBpp0082131

229.9

2059

7.17

O18475

NP_524333

AAF54858

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

2059 (aa); 229 (kD predicted)

(Harris et al., 1996)

Comments

External Data

Post Translational Modification

In adult males, cleaved to produce a 100 kDa form.

(UniProt, O18475)

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

O18475

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\PolQ using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

mus308_1

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

0.20

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 1 -- 3

organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 4 -- 6

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 7 -- 8

anterior endoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)

head mesoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

posterior endoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

trunk mesoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 9 -- 10

anterior endoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

head mesoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

posterior endoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

trunk mesoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 11 -- 12

anterior midgut primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

central brain primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

head mesoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

posterior midgut primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

trunk mesoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral nerve cord primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

northern blot

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

oogenesis & adult stage | female

ovary

(Harris et al., 1996)

Additional Descriptive Data

PolQ transcripts are detected in ovary RNA.

(Harris et al., 1996)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

immunolocalization

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 1 -- 4

(Pang et al., 2005)

oogenesis stage S5 -- S7

ovary

(Pang et al., 2005)

mass spectroscopy

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

day 5 of adulthood | male -- day 7 of adulthood | male

spermatozoon

(Wasbrough et al., 2010)

western blot

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage

organism

(Pang et al., 2005)

adult stage | female

egg chamber

(Pang et al., 2005)

adult stage | male

organism

(Pang et al., 2005)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\PolQ in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\PolQ

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\PolQ

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0002905

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

41571/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0002905

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0002905

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0002905

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG6019

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0002905

Images

FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)

Show all FlyExpress processed images for Dmel\PolQ

Stages(s) 1-3
Stages(s) 4-6
Stages(s) 7-8
Stages(s) 11-12

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 22 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 8 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of PolQ

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of PolQ

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 23 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 23 )

Inferred from location ( 6 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

lethal (with Df(3R)E307)

PolQ^S044309b

lethal | recessive

PolQ^S044309b

viable

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

PolQ^GD4232

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

PolQ^GD4232

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

PolQ^GD4232

Sterility

Allele

female semi-sterile

PolQ^D2

male sterile

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal DNA repair

abnormal DNA repair (with PolQ^D2)

PolQ^Sz29

abnormal DNA repair (with PolQ^D5)

PolQ^Sz29

abnormal DNA repair (with PolQ^Sz29)

abnormal DNA repair (with PolQ^ZIII-2003)

PolQ^Sz29

abnormal DNA repair (with PolQ^ZIII-3294)

PolQ^Sz29

chemical sensitive

chemical sensitive (with Df(3R)Exel6166)

chemical sensitive | larval stage

PolQ^D1

chemical sensitive | recessive

majority die during embryonic stage

PolQ^null

radiation sensitive

PolQ^D2

radiation sensitive | larval stage

PolQ^D1

visible | recessive

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

egg

PolQ^null

wing

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (14)

Hsap\POLQ

13 of 14

Yes

Hsap\HELQ

5 of 14

Hsap\POLN

3 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (12)

Rnor\Polq

13 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Helq

5 of 14

Rnor\Poln

2 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (13)

Mmus\Polq

13 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Helq

4 of 14

Mmus\Poln

3 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (10)

Xtro\polq

8 of 13

Yes

Xtro\helq

3 of 13

Xtro\poln

2 of 13

Yes

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (10)

Drer\polq

12 of 14

Yes

Drer\helq

5 of 14

Drer\poln

3 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (14)

Cele\polq-1

12 of 14

Yes

4 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (11)

Agam\AgaP_AGAP007533

12 of 12

Yes

4 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

Yes

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (18)

Atha\AT4G32700

12 of 13

Yes

Atha\EMB25

2 of 13

Atha\POLGAMMA1

2 of 13

Yes

Atha\POLGAMMA2

2 of 13

Yes

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT2G42270

1 of 13

Atha\AT3G46960

1 of 13

Atha\AT3G52900

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\AT5G08110

1 of 13

Yes

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (9)

Scer\BRR2

1 of 13

Yes

Scer\HFM1

1 of 13

Yes

Scer\HRQ1

1 of 13

Yes

Scer\MIP1

1 of 13

Yes

Scer\MTR4

1 of 13

Yes

Scer\RRP3

1 of 13

Yes

Scer\SGS1

1 of 13

Yes

Scer\SKI2

1 of 13

Yes

Scer\SLH1

1 of 13

Yes

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (8)

Spom\brr2

1 of 12

Yes

Spom\mtr4

1 of 12

Yes

Spom\mug81

1 of 12

Yes

Spom\pog1

1 of 12

Yes

Spom\SPAC17H9.02

1 of 12

Yes

Spom\SPAC23A1.19c

1 of 12

Yes

Spom\SPBC4F6.07c

1 of 12

Yes

Spom\SPCC550.03c

1 of 12

Yes

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (2)

Ecol\polA

5 of 11

Yes

Ecol\abpB

4 of 11

Yes

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:PolQ. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (8)

mus301

8 of 13

Brr2

3 of 13

obe

3 of 13

tst

3 of 13

Mtr4

2 of 13

Blm

1 of 13

PolG1

1 of 13

RecQ4

1 of 13

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

POLQ; DNA polymerase theta

13 of 14

604419

HELQ; helicase, POLQ like

5 of 14

606769

POLN; DNA polymerase nu

3 of 14

610887

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

RNA-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

PolQ - AGO2

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, primer specific pcr

(Xiong et al., 2013)

RNA-RNA

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

PolQ - hpRNA:CR46342

rna cleavage, northern blot, reverse transcription pcr

(Czech et al., 2008, Okamura et al., 2008)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

PolQ

enhanceable

DNAlig4

(Alexander et al., 2016)

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

spn-A

suppressible

PolQ

(Beagan et al., 2017)

spn-A

enhanceable

PolQ

(Chan et al., 2010)

External Data

Linkouts

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0002905

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

41571

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

FlyBase

External Links

External Data

Linkouts

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

HDR through MMEJ (alt-NHEJ)

Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

3-52

Cytogenetic map

87C6-87C6

Sequence location

3R:12,705,523..12,712,299 [-]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

87C6-87C6

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}Vha55^j2E9 and P{PZ}CtBP⁰³⁴⁶³

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

87D1-87D2

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Harris et al., 1996)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

3-52

(FlyBase, 2016)

3-50.0

(Comeron et al., 2012)

3-51 +/- 1

(Leonhardt et al., 1993)

(Boyd et al., 1981)

Left of (cM)

(Leonhardt et al., 1993)

(Boyd et al., 1981)

Right of (cM)

(Leonhardt et al., 1993)

(Boyd et al., 1981)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (10)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

Bloomington

249

PolQ^D2

58238

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.HMJ22259}attP40

77655

w¹¹¹⁸; PBac{IT.GAL4}PolQ^4045-G4

915

ry^* PolQ^D5/TM3, Sb¹ Ser¹

31011

y¹ w^*; Mi{MIC}PolQ^MI00457/TM6B, Tb¹

Kyoto

106122

ry^* PolQ^D5/TM3, Sb¹ Ser¹

NIG-Fly

HMJ22259

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.HMJ22259}attP40/CyO

VDRC

v109288

P{KK101422}VIE-260B

v47606

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD4232}v47606

v342239

P{hsFLP}1, y¹ w¹¹¹⁸; P{HD_CFD01890}attP40/CyO-GFP

Genomic Clones (9)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (12)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

LP14642

Other clones

FI03732

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0002905

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0002905

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

polyclonal

(Pang et al., 2005)

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

New stable cell line derived from S2-unspecified : New stable S2 cell lines were generated that contain genome edits (disruption in miRNA pairing sequences) for AGO1, hry, Kah, PolQ, wgn, zfh1, Rfx, CG11248, sam, mus81, wnd. A previously generated Dora edited line was also used.
(Kingston et al., 2022)

Other Comments

During end-joining repair of DNA double-strand breaks, mus308 plays a crucial role in Lig4-independent alternative end joining. Mutant analysis suggests that mus308 may be involved in two processes associated with alternative end joining: first, annealing at short, complementary DNA sequences and second, DNA synthesis that creates small insertions at break repair sites.

(Chan et al., 2010)

mus308 is important for both interstrand crosslink repair and end-joining repair of DNA double-strand breaks.

(Chan et al., 2010)

mus308 is required to process ethyl nitrosourea (ENU) induced lesions, and may play a role in post replication bypass of O-alkylpyrimidines, probably mediated by recombination, which serves to increase the time available for error-free repair of these lesions.

(Tosal et al., 2000)

Gene is involved in pre-replication repair of lesions produced by DNA cross-link agents.

(de Buendia, 1998)

The carboxy terminal domain shares over 55% sequence similarity with the polymerase domains of prokaryotic DNA polymerase I-like enzymes. This is the first member of this family of DNA polymerases to be identified in a eukaryotic organism. mus308 is closely related to a gene in C.elegans suggesting this novel polypeptide may play an evolutionarily conserved role in the repair of DNA damage in eukaryotic organisms.

(Harris et al., 1996)

The sex linked recessive lethal test has been used to measure the mutability of mus308 mutants to several mutagens. Results suggest mus308 is not defective in a repair pathway specific for cross-links but is rather involved in a step of a more general post-replication process responsible for the removal of non-excised adducts.

(Aguirrezabalaga et al., 1995)

"3-51 +/- 1" was stated as revision.

(Leonhardt et al., 1993)

The mus308 locus is unique among mutagen sensitive mutations in that mutants are hypersensitive to DNA cross-linking agents but not to monofunctional alkylating agents.

(Leonhardt et al., 1993)

mus308 gene is required for resistance to DNA cross-linking agents, normal female fertility and chromosome stability.

(Boyd et al., 1992)

mus308 encodes a nuclease, designated Nuclease 3.

(Boyd et al., 1990)

Studies of Nuc3 activity in mus308 mutants support the hypothesis that the mus308 locus is not the structural gene for Nuc3, but is involved in modifying the pI of the Nuc3 enzyme.

(Sakaguchi et al., 1990)

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Additional comments

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Source for identity of: DNApol-θ mus308

(Chan et al., 2010)

Source for identity of: PolQ DNApol-θ

(Marygold et al., 2020)

Nomenclature comments

Etymology

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (15)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

0443/09

(Deak et al., 1997)

AAF54858

(Burgers et al., 2001)

CG6019

(Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5)

DNA polymerase θ

(Wooten et al., 2020)

DNApol-θ

Mus308

(Yousefzadeh and Wood, 2013, McCaffrey et al., 2006)

POLQ

(Yu and McVey, 2010)

Pol θ

(Beagan et al., 2017, Burgers et al., 2001)

PolQ

(Urban et al., 2026, Godneeva et al., 2023, Carvajal-Garcia et al., 2021, Marygold et al., 2020, White and Lambowitz, 2012, Yu and McVey, 2010)

mus-308

(Todo and Ryo, 1992)

polq

(Hanscom et al., 2022)

Name Synonyms

DNA polymerase theta

(Marygold et al., 2020, Yu and McVey, 2010)

mutagen-sensitive 308

(Czech et al., 2008)

pol theta

(Chan et al., 2010)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 42 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

41571

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

O18475

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

O18475

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

O18475

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0002905

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

41571/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0002905

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0002905

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0002905

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG6019

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

41571

Linkouts

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0002905

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0002905

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0002905

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

mus308_1

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0002905

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0002905

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG6019

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0002905

FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.

FBgn0002905

iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

TC011380

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

41571

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

HDR through MMEJ (alt-NHEJ)

References (114)

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

0.20

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