FB2026_02 , released June 18, 2026
Gene: Dmel\Lsp1γ
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Lsp1γ
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Larval serum protein 1 γ
Annotation Symbol
CG6821
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0002564
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
10 publicly available
Gene Summary
Larval storage protein (LSP) which may serve as a store of amino acids for synthesis of adult proteins. (UniProt, P11997)
Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.
All Summaries
Also Known As

LSP-1γ, Lsp1, DmeLSP1g, LSP-1, Larval serum protein 1 gamma

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
61A6-61A6
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-1
RefSeq locus
NT_037436 REGION:66430..68995
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (4 terms)
Molecular Function (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables nutrient reservoir activity
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Valzania et al., 2024)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Biological Process (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in energy homeostasis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Valzania et al., 2024)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Cellular Component (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in extracellular region
inferred from direct assay
(Valzania et al., 2024)
part_of larval serum protein complex
inferred from direct assay
(Wolfe et al., 1977)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the hemocyanin family. (P11997)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Group (FlyBase)
LARVAL SERUM PROTEIN SUBUNITS -
The larval serum proteins include a family of two immunologically distinct hexameric hemolymph storage proteins or hexamerins that have been found in all insect species. They are synthesized at the last instar larvae stage and are delivered to the storage granules in the fat body and serve as energy and amino acid supply during metamorphosis. (Adapted from FBrf0093594 and FBrf0093616).
LSP1 COMPLEX -
The larval serum protein 1 (LSP1) complex is a hetero hexamer of three closely related subunits. These storage proteins may serve as nutrient reserves to support metamorphosis and reproduction in feeding larvae. (Adapted form FBrf0093594).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Larval storage protein (LSP) which may serve as a store of amino acids for synthesis of adult proteins.
(UniProt, P11997)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Lsp1γ for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry P11997)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Lsp1γ-RA
FBtr0072463
NM_079144
2501
772
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Lsp1γ-PA
FBpp0072365
93.4
772
5.07
P11997
NP_523868
AAF47324
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

79 (kD)

(Lepesant et al., 1982)
Comments

The size of the protein was determined by in vitro translation.

(Lepesant et al., 1982)
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Heterohexamer, composed of three subunits, alpha, beta and gamma.

(UniProt, P11997)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records
 
UniProt
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Lsp1γ using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.21

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
embryonic stomatogastric nervous system
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval fat body
(Fisher et al., 2012)
gonad
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval plasmatocyte
(Fisher et al., 2012)
microinjection
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
third instar larval stage
(Lepesant et al., 1982)
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
second instar larval stage -- third instar larval stage
embryonic/larval fat body
(Powell et al., 1984)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
dissected tissue
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
second instar larval stage -- third instar larval stage
embryonic/larval fat body
(Powell et al., 1984)
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
larval stage
embryonic/larval hemolymph

Comment: component of hemolymph clot

(Scherfer et al., 2004)
adult stage
adult head
(Aradska et al., 2015)
day 7 of adulthood -- day 49 of adulthood
adult heart
(Cammarato et al., 2011)
Additional Descriptive Data

Isolated from a pullout assay for proteins contained in clots from larval hemolymph and identified by mass spec.

(Scherfer et al., 2004)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in extracellular region
inferred from direct assay
(Valzania et al., 2024)
part_of larval serum protein complex
inferred from direct assay
(Wolfe et al., 1977)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Lsp1γ in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 11-12
  • Stages(s) 13-16
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 7 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 5 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Lsp1γ
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Lsp1γ
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 0 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 0 )
Inferred from location ( 3 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
viable
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
Sterility
Allele
fertile
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
somatic muscle cell | wandering third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4da.PU
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (0)
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (0)
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (0)
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (0)
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (0)
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (18)
Agam\HEXA_ANOGA
9 of 12
Yes
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP005767
6 of 12
No
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010657
6 of 12
No
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010658
6 of 12
No
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP001345
5 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP001657
5 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP001659
5 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP005766
4 of 12
No
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP012941
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\PPO1
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\PPO2
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\PPO3
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\PPO4
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\PPO5
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\PPO6
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\PPO7
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\PPO8
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\PPO9
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Lsp1γ. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (9)
Lsp1α
9 of 13
Lsp1β
9 of 13
CG7320
7 of 13
Lsp2
7 of 13
CG8100
5 of 13
Fbp1
4 of 13
PPO1
3 of 13
PPO2
3 of 13
PPO3
3 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    Interaction Browsers
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    External Data
    Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
    Heterohexamer, composed of three subunits, alpha, beta and gamma.
    (UniProt, P11997 )
    Linkouts
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Metabolic Pathways
    FlyBase
    External Links
    External Data
    Linkouts
    Class of Gene
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    3L
    Recombination map
    3-1
    Cytogenetic map
    61A6-61A6
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    61A6-61A6
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}trh10512 and P{EP}EP3104EP3104
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    61A1-61A1
    (Bauer, 1997.7.24)
    61A-61A
    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
    (Brock and Roberts, 1983, Lepesant et al., 1982, Levine et al., 1981)
    61A1-61A1
    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
    (Smith et al., 1981)
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Location

    3-1

    (FlyBase, 2016)

    3-0.0

    (Comeron et al., 2012)

    3-1.4

    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes

    2/15 of the distance from T(1;3)scJ4 to rho.

    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (10)
    Genomic Clones (8)
     

    Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

    cDNA Clones (305)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

      cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
      RNAi and Array Information
      Linkouts
      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
      Antibody Information
      Laboratory Generated Antibodies
       
      Commercially Available Antibodies
       
      Cell Line Information
      Publicly Available Cell Lines
       
        Other Stable Cell Lines
         
          Other Comments

          Loss of function alleles are viable and fertile.

          (Roote, 2003.9.11)

          Ecdysteroid-regulated gene.

          (Andres et al., 1993)

          5' flanking sequences of the Lsp1α, Lsp1β and Lsp1γ genes have been sequenced and compared.

          (Delaney et al., 1986)

          A D.melanogaster Lsp1γ probe has been used to identify the site of the Lsp1γ gene in a number of Drosophila species.

          (Brock and Roberts, 1983)

          Lsp1α, Lsp1β, Lsp1γ and Lsp2 mRNAs have been purified from the third larval instar fat body and translated in vitro.

          (Sato et al., 1982)

          Lsp1 are three genes encoding three related polypeptides that combine in random hexamers to form LSP1, a heterogenous larval serum protein of 450,000 to 480,000 daltons (Wolfe et al., 1977). LSP1 synthesized in fat body; appears early in third instar attaining peak levels at the white prepupal stage; level begins to decline at mid-pupal stage reaching base line about four days into adult life (Roberts et al., 1977). Highly homologous to one another and all three share amino-acid homology with LSP2. Antigenically related as well but antisera to LSP1 polypeptides do not crossreact with LSP2 (Brock and Roberts, 1980). Codes for the γ chain of LSP1; a phosphorylated polypeptide of molecular weight 77,000 (Brock and Roberts, 1980).

          Relationship to Other Genes
          Source for database merge of
          Additional comments
          Nomenclature History
          Source for database identify of
          Nomenclature comments
          Etymology
          Synonyms and Secondary IDs (20)
          Reported As
          Symbol Synonym
          CG6821
          (Tendero-Lopez et al., 2025, Moulin et al., 2021, Li et al., 2020, Jiang et al., 2017, Çiçek et al., 2016, Rosa-Ferreira et al., 2015, Handke et al., 2013, Herranz et al., 2012, Cammarato et al., 2011, Mast et al., 2011, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Reumer et al., 2009, Beller et al., 2006, Riedl et al., 2005, Scherfer et al., 2004, Vierstraete et al., 2003)
          DmeLSP1g
          (Burmester, 2001, Burmester et al., 1998)
          LSP 1
          (Riddiford, 1993)
          LSP-1
          (Colomb et al., 2017, Powell et al., 1984)
          LSP-1 γ
          (Brock and Roberts, 1983)
          LSP-1γ
          (Burmester et al., 1999, Roberts et al., 1998, Maschat et al., 1990, Deutsch et al., 1989, Sato et al., 1982)
          LSP1
          (Liu et al., 2007)
          Lsp-1γ
          (Zapata et al., 2002, Andres et al., 1993, Roberts et al., 1991)
          Lsp1
          (Wang et al., 2013, Kern and Begun, 2005, Kern et al., 2004, Anholt and Mackay, 2001, Korochkina et al., 1997)
          Lsp1 γ
          (Kurshakova et al., 2019)
          Lsp1-γ
          (Aquadro et al., 1994)
          Lsp1γ
          (Terashima and Bownes, 2005)
          Lsp1gama
          (Luo et al., 2011)
          Lsp1gamma
          (Castañeda-Partida et al., 2026, Blatt et al., 2021, Yurkevych et al., 2020, Kwon et al., 2016, Lai et al., 2014, Mukherjee et al., 2014, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Kalajdzic et al., 2012, Beller et al., 2006)
          Lsp1γ
          (Rommelaere et al., 2025, He et al., 2024, Valzania et al., 2024, Khalili et al., 2023, Lee et al., 2023, Liu et al., 2023, Xu et al., 2023, Cattenoz et al., 2021, Li et al., 2020, Yurkevych et al., 2020, Green et al., 2016, Kučerová et al., 2016, Bi et al., 2014, Chang et al., 2013, Handke et al., 2013, Mast et al., 2011, Fernández-Ayala et al., 2010, Ruaud et al., 2010, Kasuya et al., 2009, Kwon et al., 2009, Reumer et al., 2009, Sieber and Thummel, 2009, Xun et al., 2009, Kern and Begum, 2008, Hsieh et al., 2007, Casillas et al., 2006, Riedl et al., 2005)
          lsp1g
          (Lee et al., 2018)
          Name Synonyms
          Larval serum protein 1 gamma
          (Cammarato et al., 2011, Reumer et al., 2009)
          Larval serum protein 1 γ
          (Ramond et al., 2020, Lai et al., 2014, Kasuya et al., 2009, Xun et al., 2009)
          Larval serum protein 1γ
          (Terashima and Bownes, 2005)
          Larval serum protein 1γ
          (Xun et al., 2008, Riedl et al., 2005)
          Secondary FlyBase IDs
            Datasets (0)
            Study focus (0)
            Experimental Role
            Project
            Project Type
            Title
            Study result (0)
            Result
            Result Type
            Title
            External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 44 )
            Sequence Crossreferences
            NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
            GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
            GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
            RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
            UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
            UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
            Other crossreferences
            AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
            BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
            DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
            EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
            FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
            FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
            InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
            KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
            MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
            Linkouts
            Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
            DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
            DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
            FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
            FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
            Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
            Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
            iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
            MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
            References (122)