FB2026_02 , released June 18, 2026
Gene: Dmel\Prat2
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Prat2
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Phosphoribosylamidotransferase 2
Annotation Symbol
CG10078
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0041194
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
44 publicly available
Enzyme Name (EC)
amidophosphoribosyltransferase (2.4.2.14)
Gene Summary
Phosphoribosylamidotransferase 2 (Prat2) encodes a type-2 glutamine amidotransferase that is essential in the pathway for de novo synthesis of inosine monophosphate (IMP). IMP is the precursor for purine nucleotides that are required for nucleic acids, energy transfer, cell signaling, and coenzymes. [Date last reviewed: 2018-11-08] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
65D2-65D3
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-18
RefSeq locus
NT_037436 REGION:6911999..6914876
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (2 terms)
Molecular Function (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables amidophosphoribosyltransferase activity
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR005854
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Biological Process (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in purine nucleobase biosynthetic process
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR005854
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Cellular Component (0 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)
amidophosphoribosyltransferase activity
5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamine + L-glutamate + diphosphate = 5-phospho- alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + L-glutamine + H2O (2.4.2.14)
RHEA 14905:
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Phosphoribosylamidotransferase 2 (Prat2) encodes a type-2 glutamine amidotransferase that is essential in the pathway for de novo synthesis of inosine monophosphate (IMP). IMP is the precursor for purine nucleotides that are required for nucleic acids, energy transfer, cell signaling, and coenzymes. [Date last reviewed: 2018-11-08]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
AMIDOPHOSPHORIBOSYLTRANSFERASES -
Amidophosphoribosyltransferases catalyze the transfer of amido group from 5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamine on to glutamate to form 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP) and glutamine.
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
2
Number of Unique Polypeptides
2

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Prat2 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q967S0)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.55

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Gene model reviewed during 5.56

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Prat2-RA
FBtr0076946
NM_168181
1737
470
Prat2-RB
FBtr0076945
NM_079225
1932
547
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Prat2-PA
FBpp0076655
51.3
470
7.18
Q9VRZ1
NP_729191
AAF50639
Prat2-PB
FBpp0076654
59.5
547
6.88
Q967S0
NP_523949
AAF50638
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Prat2 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.77

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
yolk nucleus
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
yolk nucleus
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
yolk nucleus
(Fisher et al., 2012)
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 9 -- 17
organism
(Malmanche et al., 2003)
second instar larval stage -- day 5 of adulthood
organism
(Malmanche et al., 2003)
Additional Descriptive Data

Prat2 transcript is expressed from 4 hours AEL during embryogenesis; no maternal component is detected. Expression levels are highest from 4 through 8 hours AEL, then drop sharply from 16-20 hours AEL. Expression is absent in the first larval instar, resurgent in second larval instar, with a peak in the third instar that again tapers off during prepupal stages to a low level of expression in later pupal stages. Expression is high in both male and female adults, but undetectable in ovaries. The Prat2 developmental expression pattern is distinct from that of duplicate gene Prat; the latter is highly expressed in adult ovaries.

(Malmanche et al., 2003)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult head
(Aradska et al., 2015)
day 7 of adulthood -- day 49 of adulthood
adult heart
(Cammarato et al., 2011)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Prat2 in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 9-10
  • Stages(s) 11-12
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 0 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 6 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Prat2
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Prat2
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 2 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 2 )
Gene disrupted in
Df(3L)Exel6109
(Ryder, 2004.4.26)
Df(3L)vvl7247-Mis12
(Sotillos et al., 2010)
Inferred from location ( 4 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (3)
Hsap\PPAT
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
1  
Hsap\GFPT1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\GFPT2
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (3)
Rnor\Ppat
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Gfpt1
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Gfpt2
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (3)
Mmus\Ppat
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Gfpt1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Gfpt2
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (6)
Xtro\ppat
8 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\asns
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\baalc
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\gfpt1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\gfpt2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\krt55
1 of 13
No
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (3)
Drer\ppat
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\gfpt1
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\gfpt2
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (3)
Cele\ppat-1
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Cele\gfat-1
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\gfat-2
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (2)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP000179
11 of 12
Yes
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP011352
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (5)
Atha\ASE1
12 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\ASE2
12 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\ASE3
12 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\ASN1
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\GFAT
1 of 13
No
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (4)
Scer\ADE4
10 of 13
Yes
Yes
Scer\GFA1
1 of 13
No
No
Scer\YMR084W
1 of 13
No
No
Scer\YMR085W
1 of 13
No
No
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (2)
Spom\ade4
10 of 12
Yes
Yes
Spom\SPBC12C2.11
1 of 12
No
No
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (2)
Ecol\purF
10 of 11
Yes
Yes
Ecol\glmS
1 of 11
No
No
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Prat2. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (4)
Prat
12 of 13
AsnS
1 of 13
Gfat1
1 of 13
Gfat2
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Prat2HMC03244
    ameliorates  tauopathy
    modeled by Hsap\MAPTUAS.cUa
    (Yadav et al., 2024)
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    PPAT; phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase
    14 of 14
    172450
         
        Functional Complementation Data
        Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
        Interactions
        Summary of Physical Interactions
        Interaction Browsers
        View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
        Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
        protein-protein
        Physical Interaction
        Assay
        References
        Prat2 - Tbcc
        two hybrid
        (Hu et al., 2017.6.13)
        Summary of Genetic Interactions
        Interaction Browsers
        View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
        Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        Prat
        suppressible
        Prat2
        (Penney et al., 2008)
        Ras85D|scrib
        suppressible
        Prat2
        (Willoughby et al., 2013)
        External Data
        Linkouts
        BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        Pathways
        Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
        Metabolic Pathways
        FlyBase
        External Links
        FlyCyc Pathways - Pathways from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
        KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
        External Data
        Linkouts
        KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
        Class of Gene
        Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
        Chromosome (arm)
        3L
        Recombination map
        3-18
        Cytogenetic map
        65D2-65D3
        Sequence location
        FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Evidence for location
        65D2-65D3
        Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(3)0209402094 and P{lacW}l(3)L4060L4060
        Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Notes
        References
        Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
        Location

        3-18

        (FlyBase, 2016)

        3-15.8

        (Comeron et al., 2012)
        Left of (cM)
        Right of (cM)
        Notes
        Stocks and Reagents
        Stocks (44)
        Genomic Clones (20)
        cDNA Clones (61)
         

        Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

        cDNA clones, fully sequenced
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

        For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

        cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        RNAi and Array Information
        Linkouts
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        Antibody Information
        Laboratory Generated Antibodies
         
        Commercially Available Antibodies
         
        Cell Line Information
        Publicly Available Cell Lines
         
          Other Stable Cell Lines
           
            Other Comments
            Relationship to Other Genes
            Source for database merge of

            Source for merge of: Prat2 Amidophosphoribosyltransferase

            (Clark, 2001.8.21)
            Additional comments
            Nomenclature History
            Source for database identify of

            Source for identity of: Amidophosphoribosyltransferase CG10078

            (Clark, 2001.3.31)
            Nomenclature comments
            Etymology
            Synonyms and Secondary IDs (8)
            Datasets (0)
            Study focus (0)
            Experimental Role
            Project
            Project Type
            Title
            Study result (0)
            Result
            Result Type
            Title
            External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 51 )
            Sequence Crossreferences
            NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
            GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
            GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
            RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
            UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
            UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
            Other crossreferences
            AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
            BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
            DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
            EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
            FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
            FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
            InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
            KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
            MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
            Linkouts
            BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
            Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
            DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
            DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
            Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
            FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
            FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
            FlyCyc Pathways - Pathways from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
            Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
            Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
            iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
            KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
            KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
            MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
            References (69)