FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\Snmp1
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Snmp1
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Sensory neuron membrane protein 1
Annotation Symbol
CG7000
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0260004
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
14 publicly available
Gene Summary
Sensory neuron membrane protein 1 (Snmp1) encodes a member of the CD36 family of lipoprotein receptors. It is expressed in a subset of olfactory neurons. It is required for a normal olfactory response to the male-specific pheromone 11-cis vaccenyl acetate. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

Snmp, Sensory neuron membrane protein

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
93C2-93C2
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-71
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:21165167..21168205
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (11 terms)
Molecular Function (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables scavenger receptor activity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000230217
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Biological Process (6 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (6 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in cell surface receptor signaling pathway
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Jin et al., 2008)
involved_in cellular response to pheromone
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Gomez-Diaz et al., 2016)
involved_in detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of smell
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Ronderos et al., 2014)
involved_in lipid homeostasis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Talamillo et al., 2013)
involved_in pupariation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Talamillo et al., 2013)
involved_in response to pheromone
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Jin et al., 2008, Benton et al., 2007)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Cellular Component (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cilium
inferred from direct assay
(Gomez-Diaz et al., 2016)
located_in dendrite
inferred from direct assay
(Jin et al., 2008)
located_in neuronal cell body
inferred from direct assay
(Jin et al., 2008)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in membrane
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000230217
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
located_in membrane
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002159
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the CD36 family. (Q9VDD3)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Sensory neuron membrane protein 1 (Snmp1) encodes a member of the CD36 family of lipoprotein receptors. It is expressed in a subset of olfactory neurons. It is required for a normal olfactory response to the male-specific pheromone 11-cis vaccenyl acetate. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
CLASS B SCAVENGER RECEPTORS -
Class B scavenger receptors are transmembrane proteins that belong to the CD36 family. These receptors contain two transmembrane domains, an extracellular loop with multiple glycosylation sites and two short intracellular tails. They are implicated in lipoprotein scavenging, fatty acid transport, innate immune signalling, cell adhesion, lysosomal protein sorting and gustatory fat detection. (Adapted from FBrf0232659.)
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Plays an olfactory role that is not restricted to pheromone sensitivity. Has a role in detection and signal transduction of the fatty-acid-derived male pheromone 11-cis vaccenyl acetate (cVA). Not required for sensitivity to general odorants. Acts in concert with Or67d and lush to capture cVA molecules on the surface of Or67d expressing olfactory dendrites and facilitate their transfer to the odorant-receptor Orco complex. Essential for the electrophysiological responses of these olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) to cVA. Not required for the development of trichoid OSNs and support cells.
(UniProt, Q9VDD3)
Summary (Interactive Fly)

CD36-related transmembrane protein - essential for the response of olfactory sensory neurons to cis-vaccenyl acetate, a male-specific fatty-acid-derived pheromone that regulates sexual and social aggregation behaviours

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
2
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Snmp1 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9VDD3)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Snmp1-RA
FBtr0084027
NM_142696
1949
551
Snmp1-RB
FBtr0333928
NM_001275874
2280
551
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Snmp1-PA
FBpp0083430
62.1
551
5.90
Q9VDD3
NP_650953
AAF55863
Snmp1-PB
FBpp0306056
62.1
551
5.90
Q9VDD3
NP_001262803
AGB96183
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

551 aa isoforms: Snmp1-PA, Snmp1-PB
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Snmp1 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.14

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
wandering third instar larval stage
prothoracic gland
(Talamillo et al., 2013)
wandering third instar larval stage -- third instar - cleared gut stage
testis

Comment: 96-120 hr AEL

(Herboso et al., 2011)
embryonic/larval garland cell

Comment: 96-120 hr AEL

(Herboso et al., 2011)
third instar - uncleared gut stage
embryonic/larval fat body

Comment: 120 hr AEL

(Herboso et al., 2011)
third instar - uncleared gut stage -- third instar - cleared gut stage
ring gland

Comment: 120 hr AEL

(Herboso et al., 2011)
embryonic/larval salivary gland

Comment: 120 hr AEL

(Herboso et al., 2011)
third instar - cleared gut stage
ovary

Comment: 120 hr AEL

(Herboso et al., 2011)
larval central nervous system

Comment: 120 hr AEL

(Herboso et al., 2011)
adult stage
antenna
(Benton et al., 2007)
olfactory receptor neuron
(Benton et al., 2007)
proboscis | restricted
(Benton et al., 2007)
RT-PCR
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
antenna
(Jin et al., 2008)
adult head

Comment: without antenna and maxillary palps

(Jin et al., 2008)
Additional Descriptive Data

Expression increases as the gut clears before pupation.

(Talamillo et al., 2013)

Snmp1 transcript expression is upregulated in steroidogenic tissues at the onset of pupariation.

(Herboso et al., 2011)

Snmp1 is abundant in adult antennae and in heads lacking appendages (antennae and maxillary palps) and detected at lower levels in adult body.

(Jin et al., 2008)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
wandering third instar larval stage
prothoracic gland
(Talamillo et al., 2013)
adult stage
sensory neuron of trichoid sensillum
(Jin et al., 2008, Benton et al., 2007)
antenna
(Benton et al., 2007)
Additional Descriptive Data

Expression increases as the gut clears before pupation.

(Talamillo et al., 2013)

Snmp1 protein is detected in trichoid neurons and dendrites.

(Jin et al., 2008)

Snmp1 was found prominently expressed in a lateral-distal population of OSNs (olfactory receptor neurons) that co-express Orco, in non-neuronal support cells that surround these OSNs, and in support cells elsewhere in the antenna and chemosensory organs on the proboscis.

(Benton et al., 2007)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cilium
inferred from direct assay
(Gomez-Diaz et al., 2016)
located_in dendrite
inferred from direct assay
(Jin et al., 2008)
located_in neuronal cell body
inferred from direct assay
(Jin et al., 2008)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Reporter: P{Snmp1-GAL4.R}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult olfactory receptor neuron Or83c
(Ronderos et al., 2014)
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Snmp1 in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 6 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 46 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Snmp1
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Snmp1
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 0 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 0 )
Inferred from location ( 3 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (3)
Hsap\CD36
5 of 14
Yes
No
1  
Hsap\SCARB2
4 of 14
No
No
2  
Hsap\SCARB1
3 of 14
No
No
1  
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (5)
Rnor\RGD1565355
5 of 14
Yes
No
Rnor\Scarb2
4 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Cd36
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Scarb1
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\LOC120093085
2 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (3)
Mmus\Cd36
4 of 14
Yes
No
Mmus\Scarb2
4 of 14
Yes
No
Mmus\Scarb1
3 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (5)
Xtro\cd36l
3 of 13
Yes
No
Xtro\cd36
3 of 13
Yes
No
Xtro\LOC100489067
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\scarb1
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\scarb2
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (5)
Drer\cd36
5 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\scarb2a
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\scarb2b
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\scarb1
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\scarb2c
2 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (6)
Cele\scav-1
6 of 14
Yes
No
Cele\scav-2
5 of 14
No
No
Cele\scav-3
5 of 14
No
No
Cele\scav-5
5 of 14
No
No
Cele\scav-4
4 of 14
No
No
Cele\scav-6
4 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (14)
Agam\SCRB1
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP012849
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\SCRB3
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\SCRB5
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\SCRB6
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\SCRB7
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\SCRB16
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\SCRB17
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\SCRBQ1
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\SCRBQ2
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\SCRBQ3
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP004845
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\SCRB9
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\SCRB10
2 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Snmp1. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (13)
crq
6 of 13
bez
5 of 13
CG2736
5 of 13
CG7227
5 of 13
CG10345
5 of 13
CG31741
5 of 13
CG40006
5 of 13
dsb
5 of 13
emp
5 of 13
ninaD
5 of 13
pes
5 of 13
santa-maria
5 of 13
Snmp2
5 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    CD36; CD36 molecule (CD36 blood group)
    model of  platelet-type bleeding disorder 10
    IEA
    (FlyBase, 2019-)
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Snmp1GD478
    exacerbates  Parkinson's disease 1
    modeled by Hsap\SNCAUAS.cJa
    (Yu et al., 2023)
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    CD36; CD36 molecule (CD36 blood group)
    5 of 14
    173510
     
    SCARB2; scavenger receptor class B member 2
    4 of 14
    602257
     
    SCARB1; scavenger receptor class B member 1
    3 of 14
    601040
       
      Functional Complementation Data
      Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
      Interactions
      Summary of Physical Interactions
      Interaction Browsers
      View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
      Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
      protein-protein
      Physical Interaction
      Assay
      References
      Snmp1 - Or22a
      fluorescent resonance energy transfer
      (German et al., 2013)
      Summary of Genetic Interactions
      Interaction Browsers
      View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
      Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      Snmp1
      suppressible
      ninaD::Snmp1
      (Gomez-Diaz et al., 2016)
      Snmp1
      suppressible
      ninaD
      (Gomez-Diaz et al., 2016)
      Snmp1
      suppressible
      Or83c
      (Ronderos et al., 2014)
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      Sumo
      suppressible
      Snmp1
      (Talamillo et al., 2013)
      External Data
      Linkouts
      BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
      Pathways
      Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
      Metabolic Pathways
      FlyBase
      External Links
      Reactome Metabolic Pathways - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed metabolic pathway database.
      External Data
      Class of Gene
      Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
      Chromosome (arm)
      3R
      Recombination map
      3-71
      Cytogenetic map
      93C2-93C2
      Sequence location
      FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Evidence for location
      93C2-93C2
      Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}Atpα01164 and P{PZ}mod(mdg4)07038&P{lacW}mod(mdg4)L3101
      Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Notes
      References
      Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
      Location

      3-71

      (FlyBase, 2016)

      3-73.7

      (Comeron et al., 2012)
      Left of (cM)
      Right of (cM)
      Notes
      Stocks and Reagents
      Stocks (14)
      Genomic Clones (23)
      cDNA Clones (4)
       

      Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

      cDNA clones, fully sequenced
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

        For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

        cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
        BDGP DGC clones
          Other clones
          RNAi and Array Information
          Linkouts
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          Antibody Information
          Laboratory Generated Antibodies
           

          polyclonal

          (Gomez-Diaz et al., 2016, Jin et al., 2008)
          Commercially Available Antibodies
           
          Cell Line Information
          Publicly Available Cell Lines
           
            Other Stable Cell Lines
             
              Other Comments

              Snmp is required in pheromone-sensitive neurons for cVA sensitivity but is not required for sensitivity to general odorants.

              (Jin et al., 2008)

              Snmp is essential for the electrophysiological response of olfactory sensory neurons expressing the Or67d receptor to the pheromone cis-vaccenyl acetate.

              (Benton et al., 2007)
              Relationship to Other Genes
              Source for database merge of
              Additional comments

              FlyBase curator comment: Correspondence with author Voshall revealed that 'SNMP' = 'CG7000'.

              (Benton et al., 2007)
              Nomenclature History
              Source for database identify of

              Source for identity of: Snmp CG7000

              (Benton et al., 2007)

              Source for identity of: Snmp1 Snmp

              (Vogt et al., 2009)
              Nomenclature comments
              Etymology
              Synonyms and Secondary IDs (11)
              Datasets (0)
              Study focus (0)
              Experimental Role
              Project
              Project Type
              Title
              Study result (0)
              Result
              Result Type
              Title
              External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 36 )
              Sequence Crossreferences
              NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
              GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
              RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
              UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
              UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
              UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
              Other crossreferences
              AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
              BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
              DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
              EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
              FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
              InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
              KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
              MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
              Linkouts
              BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
              Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
              DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
              DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
              Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
              FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
              FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
              Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
              iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
              Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
              Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
              Reactome Metabolic Pathways - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed metabolic pathway database.
              References (64)