Krishnan, K.S., Rikhy, R., Rao, S., Shivalkar, M., Mosko, M., Narayanan, R., Etter, P., Estes, P.S., Ramaswami, M. (2001). Nucleoside diphosphate kinase, a source of GTP, is required for dynamin-dependent synaptic vesicle recycling.  Neuron 30(1): 197--210.

FBrf0135909

Research paper

Nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDK), an enzyme encoded by the Drosophila abnormal wing discs (awd) or human nm23 tumor suppressor genes, generates nucleoside triphosphates from respective diphosphates. We demonstrate that NDK regulates synaptic vesicle internalization at the stage where function of the dynamin GTPase is required. awd mutations lower the temperature at which behavioral paralysis, synaptic failure, and blocked membrane internalization occur at dynamin-deficient, shi(ts), mutant nerve terminals. Hypomorphic awd alleles display shi(ts)-like defects. NDK is present at synapses and its enzymatic activity is essential for normal presynaptic function. We suggest a model in which dynamin activity in nerve terminals is highly dependent on NDK-mediated supply of GTP. This connection between NDK and membrane internalization further strengthens an emerging hypothesis that endocytosis, probably of activated growth factor receptors, is an important tumor suppressor activity in vivo.