FlyBase Allele Report: Dmel\ph-d[2]

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\ph-d²

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

FlyBase ID

FBal0013723

Feature type

allele

Associated gene

Dmel\ph-d

Associated Insertion(s)

Carried in Construct

Also Known As

ph²

Key Links

Allele class

Mutagen

PM hybrid dysgenesis

Nature of the Allele

Allele class

Mutagen

PM hybrid dysgenesis

(Saget and Randsholt, 1994, Dura et al., 1987, Dura et al., 1985)

Progenitor genotype

Caused by aberration

Df(1)ph-2

Cytology

Polytene chromosomes normal.

(Dura et al., 1987)

Description

Deletion of approximately 10kb that joins the 5' end (promoter, untranslated leader and 5' coding sequences) of ph-p to the 3' end of ph-d (3' coding region and untranslated sequences) and removes all sequences in between.

(Saget and Randsholt, 1994)

Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Curation Data

Type

Location

Additional Notes

References

Variant Molecular Consequences

Associated Sequence Data

DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank

DNA sequence

Protein sequence

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Expression Data

Reporter Expression

Additional Information

Statement

Reference

Marker for

Reflects expression of

Reporter construct used in assay

Human Disease Associations

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease

Interaction

References

Comments on Models/Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease-implicated variant(s)

Phenotypic Data

Phenotypic Class

lethal | heat sensitive

(McKeon et al., 1994)

lethal | recessive | heat sensitive

(Cheng et al., 1994)

viable

(Fauvarque et al., 1995)

visible | recessive

(Dura et al., 1985)

Phenotype Manifest In

Detailed Description

Statement

Reference

ph-d²/+ heterozygous mutant flies exhibit a higher than wild-type average number of legs with sex combs, with an average of 2.6 legs with sex combs, compared to 2.0 in wild-type, although this is not statistically significant.

(Wang and Brock, 2003)

Mutation changes the level of w expression in ph-p^lac+3 flies; eye colour is darker.

(Fauvarque et al., 1995)

Heterozygotes with Psc¹ are lethal.

(Cheng et al., 1994)

Embryonic lethal or semi-lethal when heterozygous with Asx, Pc, Pcl, Psc, Sce or Scm. Unhatched larvae carry segmentation defects or polarity defects.

(McKeon et al., 1994)

Hemizygous males usually have sex combs on the second and third legs, show a partial transformation of the posterior wing compartment towards the haltere and show a partial transformation of abdominal segment A4 towards A5, at both 25 and 29^oC. Hemizygous males rarely show loss of the humerus and occasionally show partial transformation of abdominal segment A1 towards A2 at 25^oC. At 29^oC, both these phenotypes are more common. The expressivity and penetrance of these homeotic transformation phenotypes are comparable in ph-d² and ph-d⁴ males.

(Saget and Randsholt, 1994)

Adults viable.

(Dura et al., 1987)

Homozygous female or hemizygous male flies sometimes show a complete loss of the callus and bristles on the humerus. The prothoracic spiracle is unaffected. The second and third legs are often partially transformed towards the first leg. This transformation is restricted to the anterior compartment, and is particularly noticeable distally, where an extra sex comb appears. Male flies show a strong transformation of wing to haltere at 29^oC, and a weak transformation at 24^oC. The first abdominal segment shows a partial transformation to a more posterior segment; dorsally, pigment and large bristles appear on the tergite, and ventrally, the sternite acquires bristles characteristic of the second or third abdominal segment. The fourth abdominal segment is often partially transformed to the fifth or sixth abdominal segment in males. All the homeotic transformations are enhanced at 29^oC. The temperature-sensitive period (TSP) of the first abdominal segment extends through embryogenesis and the larval stages. The TSP for the wing and leg transformations occurs during the early to mid-third larval instar period. Lethal over deficiencies that uncover the locus.

(Dura et al., 1985)

External Data

Linkouts

Interactions

Show genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors

Phenotypic Class

Other

Statement

Reference

en⁵⁴, ph-d², ph-p² has visible phenotype

(Maschat et al., 1998)

en⁴, ph-d², ph-p² has visible phenotype

(Maschat et al., 1998)

en⁴, ph-d², ph-p² has visible | dominant phenotype

(Maschat et al., 1998)

en⁵⁴, ph-d², ph-p² has visible | dominant phenotype

(Maschat et al., 1998)

Df(2L)Prl, ph-d² has lethal phenotype

(Landecker et al., 1994)

Sce¹, ph-d² has lethal | embryonic stage phenotype

(McKeon et al., 1994)

Abd-B^Uab-1, ph-d² has lethal phenotype

(Dura et al., 1985)

Phenotype Manifest In

Enhanced by

Statement

Reference

ph-d² has sex comb phenotype, enhanceable by Hsc70-4¹⁹⁵/Hsc70-4[+]

(Wang and Brock, 2003)

ph-d² has leg phenotype, enhanceable by Df(2L)esc-P2-0

(Landecker et al., 1994)

ph-d² has sex comb phenotype, enhanceable by Df(2L)esc-P2-0

(Landecker et al., 1994)

ph-d² has leg phenotype, enhanceable by Df(2L)TW3

(Landecker et al., 1994)

ph-d² has sex comb phenotype, enhanceable by Df(2L)TW3

(Landecker et al., 1994)

ph-d² has leg phenotype, enhanceable by Df(2L)TW201

(Landecker et al., 1994)

ph-d² has sex comb phenotype, enhanceable by Df(2L)TW201

(Landecker et al., 1994)

ph-d² has leg phenotype, enhanceable by Df(2R)CA53

(Landecker et al., 1994)

ph-d² has sex comb phenotype, enhanceable by Df(2R)CA53

(Landecker et al., 1994)

ph-d² has leg phenotype, enhanceable by Df(2R)cn83c

(Landecker et al., 1994)

ph-d² has sex comb phenotype, enhanceable by Df(2R)cn83c

(Landecker et al., 1994)

ph-d² has leg phenotype, enhanceable by Df(3L)fz-GF3b

(Landecker et al., 1994)

ph-d² has sex comb phenotype, enhanceable by Df(3L)fz-GF3b

(Landecker et al., 1994)

ph-d² has leg phenotype, enhanceable by Df(2L)prd1.7

(Landecker et al., 1994)

ph-d² has leg phenotype, enhanceable by Df(3L)fz-GS1a

(Landecker et al., 1994)

ph-d² has sex comb phenotype, enhanceable by Df(3L)fz-GS1a

(Landecker et al., 1994)

ph-d² has leg phenotype, enhanceable by Df(3L)fz-CAL5

(Landecker et al., 1994)

ph-d² has sex comb phenotype, enhanceable by Df(3L)fz-CAL5

(Landecker et al., 1994)

ph-d² has sex comb phenotype, enhanceable by Df(2L)prd1.7

(Landecker et al., 1994)

ph-d² has leg phenotype, enhanceable by Df(2L)esc10

(Landecker et al., 1994)

ph-d² has sex comb phenotype, enhanceable by Df(2L)esc10

(Landecker et al., 1994)

ph-d² has leg phenotype, enhanceable by salm¹

(Landecker et al., 1994)

ph-d² has sex comb phenotype, enhanceable by salm¹

(Landecker et al., 1994)

ph-d² has leg phenotype, enhanceable by Df(2L)H20

(Landecker et al., 1994)

ph-d² has sex comb phenotype, enhanceable by Df(2L)H20

(Landecker et al., 1994)

Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

ph-d² is an enhancer of phenotype of Pc³

(Dura et al., 1985)

ph-d² is an enhancer of phenotype of Antp^Scx

(Kaufman et al., 1980)

Other

Statement

Reference

en⁴, ph-d², ph-p² has wing vein L4 phenotype

(Maschat et al., 1998)

en⁵⁴, ph-d², ph-p² has wing vein L4 phenotype

(Maschat et al., 1998)

Abd-B^Mcp-1, ph-d² has abdominal segment 3 phenotype

(Dura et al., 1985)

Ubx^Cbx-2, ph-d² has wing phenotype

(Dura et al., 1985)

Ubx^Cbx-2, ph-d² has scutum phenotype

(Dura et al., 1985)

Additional Comments

Genetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

ph-d²/Hsc70-4¹⁹⁵ mutant flies exhibit a higher than wild-type average number of legs with sex combs, with a statistically significant average of 4.0 legs with sex combs, compared to 2.6 in ph-d²/+ heterozygotes.

(Wang and Brock, 2003)

ph-d² ph-p² homozygotes do not show a gap in the fourth wing vein at 25 or 29^oC. 100% of ph-d² ph-p²/Y ; en⁵⁴/+ flies have a gap in the fourth wing vein at 29^oC. 100% of ph-d² ph-p²/Y ; en⁴/+ flies have a gap in the fourth wing vein at 29^oC.

(Maschat et al., 1998)

The extra sex combs phenotype of ph-d² heterozygotes is dominantly enhanced by Df(2L)esc-P2-0, Df(2L)prd1.7, Df(2L)esc10, salm¹, Df(2L)H20, Df(2L)TW3, Df(2L)TW201, Df(2R)CA53, Df(2R)cn83c, Df(3L)fz-GF3b, Df(3L)fz-GS1a and Df(3L)fz-CAL5. Lethal in heterozygous combination with Df(2L)Prl.

(Landecker et al., 1994)

The abdominal transformations are enhanced by Df(3R)P9, and suppressed by Dp(3;3)P5. The leg transformations are suppressed by Dp(3;3)D1, and enhanced by Df(3R)Scr. Dominant enhancer of Pc³. Interacts with esc²⁰ and Pcl¹. Semi-lethal in combination with Ubx^Cbx-2. Escapers show complete transformation of wing to haltere and a marked reduction of the mesonotum. Lethal in combination with Abd-B^Uab-1. The third abdominal segment is transformed towards segment five or six in males also carrying Abd-B^Mcp-1. Enhances the Scr^Msc, Antp^B and Antp^Scx phenotypes. Does not interact with Antp^Hu.

(Dura et al., 1985)

Xenogenetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

Complementation and Rescue Data

Rescued by

ph-d² is rescued by ph-d^+tSa

(Saget and Randsholt, 1994)

Comments

Males are completely rescued by ph-d^+tSa.

(Saget and Randsholt, 1994)

Images (0)

Mutant

Wild-type

Stocks (0)

Notes on Origin

Discoverer

Comments

Recombinant between ph-d and ph-p regions.

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 0 )

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (2)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

ph-d²

ph²

(Wang and Brock, 2003, Maschat et al., 1998, Campbell et al., 1995, Fauvarque et al., 1995, McKeon et al., 1994, Saget and Randsholt, 1994, Dura et al., 1987, Dura et al., 1985)

Name Synonyms

Secondary FlyBase IDs

References (12)

Report Sections

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