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FB2026_01
,
released March 12, 2026
Nucleotide substitution: C?T. Amino acid replacement: P506S.
C20540086T
C?T
P383S | Stat92E-PB; P509S | Stat92E-PC; P509S | Stat92E-PE; P509S | Stat92E-PF; P383S | Stat92E-PG; P383S | Stat92E-PH; P383S | Stat92E-PI; P509S | Stat92E-PJ; P509S | Stat92E-PK; P383S | Stat92E-PL; P509S | Stat92E-PM
P506S
lethal | heat sensitive (with Stat92Ej6C8)
leg (with Stat92E06346)
oocyte (with Stat92E06346)
spermatogonium | absent (with Stat92E397)
wing vein | ectopic (with Stat92E06346)
In Stat92EF adults kept at 29[o]C for 7 days, testis show no germline stem cells at the hub and few, if any, somatic cyst stem cells; this phenotype is not observed after 6h at 29[o]C.
Homozygotes die during pupation. Mutant larvae and their imaginal discs show no overgrowth phenotype.
Somatic cyst progenitor cells (CPCs) and germline stem cells are completely lost and the hub moves to the inside in most testes after 4 days at 29[o]C in Stat92EF/Stat92Ej6C8 males (raised at 22[o]C). 70% of the testes retain some somatic cyst cells. Marker analysis indicates that the CPCs differentiate into daughter somatic cyst cells in the mutant testes at 29[o]C. When the flies are shifted from 29[o]C back to 18[o]C for 3 days, marker analysis suggests that the daughter somatic cyst cells are able to de-differentiate back into CPCs.
At the permissive temperature, egg chambers from Stat92EF/Stat92EEP3391 females show normal migration of the border cells. After 4-6 hours at the non-permissive temperature, approximately 40% of stage 10 border cells show incomplete border cell migration in these females.
After shifting to the restrictive temperature of 29[o]C, germline stem cells, spermatogonia and spermatocytes are gradually lost over time in Stat92EF/Stat92Ej6C8 testes. After 4 days at 29[o]C, germline stem cells are completely lost and only a fraction of testes retain spermatogonia. After 7 days at 29[o]C, germline stem cells, spermatogonia and spermatocytes are completely lost in all Stat92EF/Stat92Ej6C8 testes.
When Stat92E06346/Stat92EF females are shifted to the non-permissive temperature (30oC), the number of gemline stem cells per ovariole falls from 2, to an average of 1.3 per per ovariole at day 2 and to just 0.6 per ovariole at day 6. By this time only 9% of ovarioles contain 2, and in these cases they are no longer associated with cap cells, and 48% contain none. Within a few days of shifting to 30oC, escort stem cells and escort cells lose their wild-type, extended shape and form an epithlial monolayer around the remaining aggregated germ cells. Shifting these animals to the permissive temperature also has dramatic effects on ovariole shape: the space between the basement membrane and the sheath muscle swells dramatically, filling with amorphous material and making the ovariole shrink in diameter. Some sheath associated cells undergo extra endocycles to form giant polyploid nuclei.
Border cell migration is inhibited in Stat92E06346/Stat92EF following maintenance of egg chambers at the restrictive temperature. The severity of the phenotype increases with time spent at the restrictive temperature, with over 90% of egg chambers affected following 4 hours at 29oC. However, border cell number is not reduced. Stat92EEP3391/Stat92EF egg chambers also show a reduction in border cell migration after 5 hours at 29oC.
At 18oc, Stat92EF/Stat92E06346 male adults have wild-type testes. After a 1 day shift to 29oC, one to three clusters of germ cells with branching fusomes contact the hub in 95% of Stat92EF/Stat92E06346 testes (in wild-type males, only germline stem cells (GSCs) with round fusomes contact the hub). In addition there is an increased number of two- and four-cell cysts in the mutant testes, indicating that multiple GSCs have differentiated. As the length of time at 29oC is increased, GSCs, then spermatogonia and finally spermatocytes are lost in the mutant testes. Dying GSCs are not detected in Stat92EF/Stat92E06346 testes at 29oC and a similar number of dying spermatogonial cysts are detected in both mutant and control testes at 29oC, indicating that differentiation and not cell death accounts for the progressive loss of GSCs and their progeny within the mutant testes at 29oC. The number of somatic cells (excluding hub cells) in the Stat92EF/Stat92E06346 testes declines progressively at 29oC. When Stat92EF/Stat92E06346 male adults shifted to 29oC for 1 day are returned to 18oC for 4 days, the number of germline stem cells (GSCs) increases significantly. After 2 days at 29oC, only 22.5% of Stat92EF/Stat92E06346 testes still contain GSCs, but after a brief recovery at 18oC (2 days), the number of mutant testes containing GSCs increases to 75,8%, indicating that testes which had completely lacked GSCs have regained them. These testes are different from wild type; although GSCs surround the hub, they contact spermatocytes, because the intermediate spermatogonial cells are missing. After a longer recovery period at 18oC, a normal zone of spermatogonial cysts is regained in the mutant testes, indicating that the regenerated GSCs are functional. Somatic stem cells also return in testes undergoing repopulation with GSCs. Stat92EF/Stat92E06346 males that have been shifted to 29oC for 6 days (which lack spermatogonia but contain spermatocytes) never regain lost GSCs when returned to 18oC, suggesting that the regained GSCs are derived from spermatogonia that have reverted to stem cell fate. This is confirmed by labelling of spermatogonial cysts in Stat92EF/Stat92E06346 males which have been shifted to 29oC for 4 days (the testes of these males lack GSCs but contain spermatogonia); labelled spermatogonial cysts are detected near the hub in 6% of testes before recovery, and after a recovery of 2 days at 18oC, 6% of testes regain labelled GSCs (which are only detected near the hub). In addition, the level of labeling in each GSC indicates that each spermatogonial cyst breaks apart and regenerates multiple single GSCs during recovery at 18oC.
Some surviving Stat92EF adults have knob-like growths in the dorsal prothoracic tissue. Stat92EF/Stat92E06346 mutants show a temperature sensistive reduction in female fecundity. At 20oC females lay on average 50-60 eggs, most of them unfertilized. Approximately 10% develop into adults. At 25oC young females lay only a few eggs which are small and have abnormal dorsal appendages. When cultured at 25oC then shifted to 29oC as early pupae Stat92EF/Stat92E06346 mutant females produce no eggs. Dissected ovaries of the mutants grown at these temperatures show abnormalities in the ovaries including fused egg chambers and the lack of interfollicle cells. The severity of the phenotype increases with age of the females and increasing temperature. A considerable amount of cell death is seen in the ovarioles of older females. More severe defects are seen in females shifted to 29oC during the pupal stage; oogenesis is arrested at or before stage 4 and no egg chambers are pinched off from the germarium. Stat92EF/Stat92E06346 adults have a number of defects including tissue protruding from the adult humeral cuticle, abnormal anterior spiracles, ectopic wing veins, additional spermatheca and adult leg defects.
Stat92EF shows temperature-sensitive lethality in trans with a strong Stat92E allele; larvae grown at the restrictive temperature show a range of abnormalities, including defective imaginal disc development, abnormal hematopoiesis and abnormal development of the tracheal tract. These larvae have a highly penetrant female-sterile phenotype when raised at the permissive temperature.
Stat92EF/Stat92E397 has decreased cell number | spermatogenesis phenotype, suppressible by CkIIαUAS.cLa/Scer\GAL4tj.PU
Stat92EF/Stat92E[+] is a suppressor of melanotic mass phenotype phenotype of hopT42
Stat92EF is a suppressor | partially of neoplasia | larval stage phenotype of Rabex-5ex42/Df(3L)BSC250
Stat92EF/Stat92E06346 is a suppressor of abnormal size phenotype of Lfee
Stat92EF is a non-suppressor of abnormal cell number | spermatogenesis phenotype of RbfGL01293, Scer\GAL4NP1624
Stat92EF/Stat92Ej6C8 has cyst progenitor cell | male | heat sensitive phenotype, enhanceable by Scer\GAL4C587/Socs36EUASp.cCa
Stat92EF/Stat92Ej6C8 has cyst cell of testis | heat sensitive phenotype, enhanceable by Scer\GAL4C587/Socs36EUASp.cCa
Stat92EF/Stat92Ej6C8 has male germline stem cell | heat sensitive phenotype, enhanceable by Scer\GAL4C587/Socs36EUASp.cCa
Stat92EF/Stat92E397 has cyst progenitor cell | decreased number phenotype, suppressible by CkIIαUAS.cLa/Scer\GAL4tj.PU
Stat92EF/Stat92E397 has male germline stem cell | absent phenotype, suppressible by CkIIαUAS.cLa/Scer\GAL4tj.PU
Stat92EF/Stat92E397 has spermatogonium | absent phenotype, suppressible by CkIIαUAS.cLa/Scer\GAL4tj.PU
Stat92EF/Stat92Ej6C8 has spermatogonium | heat sensitive phenotype, suppressible | partially by Scer\GAL4nanos.PG/BHDUAS.cSa
Stat92EF/Stat92Ej6C8 has male germline stem cell | heat sensitive phenotype, suppressible | partially by Scer\GAL4nanos.PG/BHDUAS.cSa
Stat92EF/Stat92Ej6C8 has spermatogonium | heat sensitive phenotype, suppressible | partially by Scer\GAL4nanos.PG/dppUAS.cUa
Stat92EF/Stat92Ej6C8 has male germline stem cell | heat sensitive phenotype, suppressible | partially by Scer\GAL4nanos.PG/dppUAS.cUa
Stat92EF/Stat92Ej6C8 has spermatogonium | heat sensitive phenotype, non-suppressible by Scer\GAL4nanos.PG/upd1UAS.cCa
Stat92EF/Stat92Ej6C8 has male germline stem cell | heat sensitive phenotype, non-suppressible by Scer\GAL4nanos.PG/upd1UAS.cCa
Stat92EF/Stat92E[+] is a suppressor of melanotic mass phenotype of hopT42
Stat92EF is a suppressor | partially of eye-antennal disc | larval stage phenotype of Rabex-5ex42/Df(3L)BSC250
Stat92EF/Stat92E06346 is a suppressor of eye phenotype of Lfee
Stat92EF is a non-suppressor of somatic cell of testis phenotype of RbfGL01293, Scer\GAL4NP1624
Stat92EF significantly suppresses the tumourous phenotype of Rabex-5ex42 imaginal discs: eye-antennal discs are no longer fused to the brain, and show a relatively wild-type shape and structure, although abnormal folds are still seen.
Stat92EF/Stat92Ej6C8 males expressing Socs36EScer\UAS.P\T.cCa under the control of Scer\GAL4C587 show complete loss of somatic cyst progenitor cells, somatic cyst cells, germline stem cells, spermatogonia and spermatocytes after 2 days at 29[o]C.
Eye size is almost restored to normal in Lfee; Stat92E06346/Stat92EF animals.
Expression of BHDScer\UAS.cSa under the control of Scer\GAL4nos.PG significantly slows down the loss of germ cell phenotype that is seen in Stat92EF/Stat92Ej6C8 testes at 29[o]C. After 4 days at 29[o]C, 26% of the double mutant testes contain one or more germline stem cells and most of the testes retain spermatogonia. After 7 days at 29[o]C, 8% of the double mutant testes have one or more germline stem cells and 64% retain spermatogonia.
Expression of upd1Scer\UAS.cCa under the control of Scer\GAL4nos.PG does not suppress the loss of germ cell phenotype that is seen in Stat92EF/Stat92Ej6C8 testes at 29[o]C.
Expression of dppScer\UAS.cUa under the control of Scer\GAL4nos.PG significantly slows down the loss of germ cell phenotype that is seen in Stat92EF/Stat92Ej6C8 testes at 29[o]C. After 4 days at 29[o]C, 41% of the double mutant testes contain one or more germline stem cells and all of the testes retain spermatogonia. After 7 days at 29[o]C, 17% of the double mutant testes have one or more germline stem cells and 88% retain spermatogonia.
Stat92EF/Stat92Ej6C8 is partially rescued by Scer\GAL4C587/Stat92EUAS.cSa
Stat92EF/Stat92E06346 is partially rescued by Stat92Ehs.PY
Expression of Stat92EScer\UAS.cSa under the control of Scer\GAL4C587 rescues the loss of somatic cyst progenitor cells that is seen after 4 days at 29[o]C in the testes of Stat92EF/Stat92Ej6C8 males (raised at 22[o]C). The rescued animals also have wild-type somatic cyst cells and most germline stem cells are also restored.
Chromosome contains a closely linked background lethal mutation.
Etymology: mutation is called "Frankenstein" because of the appearance of knob-like growths in the dorsal prothoracic tissue in some surviving adults.