FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\Ste

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\Ste

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

Stellate

Annotation Symbol

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0003523

Gene Model Status

Not Applicable

Stock Availability

17 publicly available

Gene Summary

Unknown. In males lacking the Y chromosome, its strong overexpression leads to the appearance of proteinaceous star-shaped crystals in the primary spermatocytes causing meiotic drive, possibly by interfering with normal casein kinase 2 activity. (UniProt, Q7KV12 Q7KV15 Q7KV23 Q7KV19 Q7KV22 Q7KV14 Q7KV13)

Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.

All Summaries

Alliance
Auto summary
UniProtKB
Red Book
Interactive Fly

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (4 terms)

Molecular Function (1 term)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables protein kinase regulator activity

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Egorova et al., 2009)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables protein kinase regulator activity

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000704, InterPro:IPR016149, InterPro:IPR035991

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000704, InterPro:IPR035991

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000201362

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Biological Process (0 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Cellular Component (3 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in cytoplasm

inferred from direct assay

(Egorova et al., 2009, Bozzetti et al., 1995)

located_in nucleus

inferred from direct assay

(Egorova et al., 2009, Bozzetti et al., 1995)

part_of protein kinase CK2 complex

inferred from direct assay

(Egorova et al., 2009)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

is_active_in cytoplasm

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000201362

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

part_of protein kinase CK2 complex

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000704, InterPro:IPR016149, InterPro:IPR035991

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000704, InterPro:IPR035991

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000201362

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

Protein Family (UniProt)

Belongs to the casein kinase 2 subunit beta family. (Q7KV12 Q7KV15 Q7KV23 Q7KV19 Q7KV22 Q7KV14 Q7KV13)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Summaries

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

(UniProt, Q7KV12 Q7KV15 Q7KV23 Q7KV19 Q7KV22 Q7KV14 Q7KV13)

Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)

Ste: Stellate

This locus is responsible for the appearance of crystals in the nuclei and cytoplasm of primary spermatocytes of XO males. Enzymatic treatments indicate that these crystals are proteinaceous in nature (Meyer et al.). The suppression of crystal formation by the Y chromosome is attributable to a sequence designated Su(Ste).

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry Q7KV12)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

Comments on Gene Model

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

Comments

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts in vitro with the casein kinase 2 alpha subunit (CkII-alpha). The relevance of such interaction is however unclear in vivo.

(UniProt, Q7KV12, Q7KV15, Q7KV23, Q7KV19, Q7KV22, Q7KV14, Q7KV13)

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Ste using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

NA

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage | male

polar primary spermatocyte

• nucleus

(Aravin et al., 2004)

mature primary spermatocyte

• nucleus | punctate

(Aravin et al., 2004)

Additional Descriptive Data

Ste transcript is detected in the nuclei of early and mature primary spermatocytes. In early spermatocytes, Ste transcript has a diffuse nuclear localization, while in mature spermatocytes, transcript is observed in one or two bright discrete dots. The antisense probe does not distinguish between Ste and Su(Ste) transcripts.

(Aravin et al., 2004)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in cytoplasm

inferred from direct assay

(Egorova et al., 2009, Bozzetti et al., 1995)

located_in nucleus

inferred from direct assay

(Egorova et al., 2009, Bozzetti et al., 1995)

part_of protein kinase CK2 complex

inferred from direct assay

(Egorova et al., 2009)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

Reporter: P{Ste-lacZ.134}

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

spermatogenesis & adult stage | male

testis | restricted

(Olenkina et al., 2012)

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Ste in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\Ste

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\Ste

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

Stellate

Images

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 5 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 16 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Ste

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Ste

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 2 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 2 )

Gene duplicated in

Dp(1;f)LJ9

(Palumbo et al., 1994, Hardy et al., 1984)

Gene disrupted in

Df(1)R12.1

(Palumbo et al., 1994)

Inferred from location ( 0 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

viable

Ste^R301.2

Sterility

Allele

fertile

Ste^R301.2

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

spermatocyte

Ste¹

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (0)

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (0)

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (0)

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (0)

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (0)

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (0)

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Ste. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (0)

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

Ste - CkIIα

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Egorova et al., 2009)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

spn-E

enhanceable

Ste

(Stapleton et al., 2001)

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts in vitro with the casein kinase 2 alpha subunit (CkII-alpha). The relevance of such interaction is however unclear in vivo.

(UniProt, Q7KV12, Q7KV15, Q7KV23, Q7KV19, Q7KV22, Q7KV14, Q7KV13 )

Linkouts

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0003523

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

FlyBase

External Links

External Data

Linkouts

Class of Gene

gene_array

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

1-45.7

Cytogenetic map

12E1-12E2

Sequence location

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

12E1-12E2

Left limit from inclusion within Df(1)R12.1 (FBrf0079138) Right limit from in situ hybridisation (FBrf0079138)

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

12E1-12E2

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Palumbo et al., 1994)

12D1-12F2

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Heino, 1994)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

1-45.7

(Hardy et al., 1984)

Left of (cM)

(Hardy et al., 1984)

Right of (cM)

(Hardy et al., 1984)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (17)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

Bloomington

10319

P{ry1}Ste^R301.2; ry⁴²

42786

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.GL01156}attP2

603603

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.HMS06262}attP40/CyO

603604

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.HMS06263}attP40/CyO

603609

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.HMS06268}attP40/CyO

v109178

v109364

v109367

v49760

w¹¹¹⁸ P{GD17664}v49760

v49757

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD17662}v49757

v49759

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD17664}v49759

v49762

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD17665}v49762

More stocks available...

Genomic Clones (0)

cDNA Clones (0)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

Other Comments

Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) is present throughout the fly's life cycle. The eccDNA population contains circular multimers of tandemly repeated genes, including Ste.

(Cohen et al., 2003)

"Stellate-like" sequences (Ste, Su(Ste), SteXh and Ste12DOR) contain a common region of sequence, defined as the "Stellate-specific central core". Specific regions at either the 5' or 3' end of this core sequence distinguish different Stellate-like sequences from each other. Euchromatic Ste sequences all contain at their 5' end a region corresponding to the 3' end of the ben gene.

(Tritto et al., 2003)

Ste^-/Su(Ste)^- males have exactly the same meiotic drive phenotype as Ste⁺/Su(Ste)^- males.

(Belloni et al., 2002)

The high extent of homology between Ste and Su(Ste) repeats suggested a possibility of Ste suppression by antisense transcription of Su(Ste) elements: however the detection of only "sense" Su(Ste) cDNAs in testis cDNA library argues against this proposal.

(Kalmykova et al., 1998)

One of a class of genes with TATA-less promoters that have a subset of the conserved DPE sequence.

(Burke and Kadonaga, 1996)

The relationship of Ste copy number and organisation to meiotic behaviour in Su(Ste)^- males has been examined genetically and cytologically. Heterochromatic and euchromatic Ste repeats are functional, the abnormalities in chromosome condensation and frequency of nondisjunction is related to the Ste copy number. Meiosis is disrupted after synapsis and Su(Ste) induced meiotic drive is probably not mediated by Ste.

(Palumbo et al., 1994)

The Ste locus contains two major size classes of a tandemly repeated gene. Analysis using segmental Y deficiencies shows that Su(Ste) represses both the high levels and efficient splicing of Ste RNA.

(Livak, 1990)

"1-45.7" was stated as revision.

(Hardy et al., 1984)

This locus is responsible for the appearance of crystals in the nuclei and cytoplasm of primary spermatocytes of X0 males. Enzymatic treatments indicate that these crystals are proteinaceous in nature (Meyer, Hess and Beermann, 1961). The suppression of crystal formation by the Y chromosome is attributable to a sequence designated Su(Ste).

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Source for merge of: Ste BcDNA:GM31840

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Component gene(s)

Additional comments

Annotation CG32605 split into 12 annotations, each representing a member of the Ste cluster, in release 3.2 of the genome annotation. The 12 annotations are: Ste:CG33236, Ste:CG33237, Ste:CG33238, Ste:CG33239, Ste:CG33240, Ste:CG33241, Ste:CG33242, Ste:CG33243, Ste:CG33244, Ste:CG33245, Ste:CG33246 and Ste:CG33247.

(FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2004)

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Nomenclature comments

Etymology

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (11)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

BcDNA:GM31840

CG32605

(Bianchi-Frias et al., 2004)

Ste eu

(Tritto et al., 2003)

eSte

(Rasheva et al., 1997)

euSte

(Usakin et al., 2005)

ste

(Lim et al., 2022, Patil et al., 2014, Patil and Kai, 2010, Heino, 1994)

Name Synonyms

euchromatic Ste

(Usakin et al., 2005)

euchromatic Stellate

(Usakin et al., 2005)

stellate

(Lim et al., 2022, Yadlapalli and Yamashita, 2013, Nagao et al., 2010, Patil and Kai, 2010, Klattenhoff et al., 2007, Prasanth and Spector, 2007)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBgn0063181

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 43 )

Sequence Crossreferences

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Linkouts

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0003523

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

Stellate

References (167)

NA

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