FB2026_02 , released June 18, 2026
Gene: Dmel\Pacs
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Pacs
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein
Annotation Symbol
CG5405
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0020647
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
11 publicly available
Gene Summary
Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.
All Summaries
Also Known As

KrT95D, Krueppel target at 95D

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
95D5-95D8
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-82
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:23997538..24031827
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (6 terms)
Molecular Function (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables protein-macromolecule adaptor activity
(Frappaolo et al., 2025)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Biological Process (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in male meiosis cytokinesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Frappaolo et al., 2025)
involved_in mitotic cytokinesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Frappaolo et al., 2025)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in protein localization to plasma membrane
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000998635
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Cellular Component (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in Golgi apparatus
inferred from direct assay
(Frappaolo et al., 2025)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in endoplasmic reticulum
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q86VP3
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
5
Number of Unique Polypeptides
3

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Pacs for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9VCE7)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Annotated transcripts do not represent all possible combinations of alternative exons and/or alternative promoters.

Gene model reviewed during 5.49

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Pacs-RA
FBtr0084507
NM_079749
5687
1175
Pacs-RB
FBtr0084506
NM_170108
4105
1175
Pacs-RC
FBtr0084508
NM_170110
4881
1133
Pacs-RD
FBtr0301418
NM_170109
3121
842
Pacs-RF
FBtr0339250
NM_001170238
4659
1133
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Pacs-PA
FBpp0083895
124.5
1175
8.30
Q9VCE7
NP_524473
AAF56220
Pacs-PB
FBpp0083894
124.5
1175
8.30
Q9VCE7
NP_732933
AAN13968
Pacs-PC
FBpp0089255
119.9
1133
8.24
Q8MRS5
NP_732935
AAN13970
Pacs-PD
FBpp0290632
90.1
842
8.22
Q95R71
NP_732934
AAN13969
Pacs-PF
FBpp0308357
119.9
1133
8.24
Q8MRS5
NP_001163709
ACZ95003
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

1175 aa isoforms: Pacs-PA, Pacs-PB
1133 aa isoforms: Pacs-PC, Pacs-PF
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Pacs using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

1.26

Transcript Expression
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult head
(Aradska et al., 2015)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in Golgi apparatus
inferred from direct assay
(Frappaolo et al., 2025)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Pacs in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 1-3
  • Stages(s) 4-6
  • Stages(s) 7-8
  • Stages(s) 9-10
  • Stages(s) 11-12
  • Stages(s) 13-16
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 22 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 5 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Pacs
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Pacs
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 0 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 0 )
Inferred from location ( 8 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
partially lethal - majority die | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
Sterility
Allele
fertile
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal cytokinesis | male (with Df(3R)mbc-R1)
abnormal cytokinesis | male | recessive
abnormal meiotic cell cycle | male (with Df(3R)mbc-R1)
abnormal meiotic cell cycle | male | recessive
visible, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
contractile ring & meiotic cell cycle | male
contractile ring & meiotic cell cycle | male (with Df(3R)mbc-R1)
mesonotum, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
Nebenkern
Nebenkern (with Df(3R)mbc-R1)
spermatid & nucleus | supernumerary
spermatid & nucleus | supernumerary (with Df(3R)mbc-R1)
spindle & meiotic cell cycle | male
spindle & meiotic cell cycle | male (with Df(3R)mbc-R1)
trichogen cell, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (2)
Hsap\PACS2
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
1  
Hsap\PACS1
13 of 14
No
Yes
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (2)
Rnor\Pacs2
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Pacs1
13 of 14
No
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (2)
Mmus\Pacs2
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Pacs1
13 of 14
No
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (3)
Xtro\pacs1
7 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\pacs2
7 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\LOC101731703
6 of 13
No
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (6)
Drer\pacs1a
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\pacs2
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\si:ch211-126j24.1
12 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\zmp:0000000755
11 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\LOC101885783
2 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\LOC101884025
1 of 14
No
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)
Cele\pacs-1
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003312
11 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Pacs. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 2 )
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    PACS2; phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein 2
    14 of 14
    610423
     
    PACS1; phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein 1
    13 of 14
    607492
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    Interaction Browsers
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    External Data
    Linkouts
    BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Metabolic Pathways
    FlyBase
    External Links
    External Data
    Linkouts
    Class of Gene
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    3R
    Recombination map
    3-82
    Cytogenetic map
    95D5-95D8
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    95D5-95D8
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(3)0468404684 and P{PZ}Atg600096
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    95D-95D
    (Hartmann, 1997.4.30)
    95D-95D
    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
    (Hartmann and Jäckle, 1997)
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Location

    3-82

    (FlyBase, 2016)

    3-82.5

    (Comeron et al., 2012)

    3-

    (Hartmann, 1997.4.30)
    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (11)
    Genomic Clones (30)
    cDNA Clones (79)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

      cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
      RNAi and Array Information
      Linkouts
      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
      Antibody Information
      Laboratory Generated Antibodies
       

      polyclonal

      (Frappaolo et al., 2025)
      Commercially Available Antibodies
       
      Cell Line Information
      Publicly Available Cell Lines
       
        Other Stable Cell Lines
         
          Other Comments

          Deletions removing the KrT95D gene are viable.

          (Hongay and Orr-Weaver, 2011)

          KrT95D is a putative Kr target gene. Expression patterns of KrT95D and Kr suggest that Kr activity is necessary to activate KrT95D expression in the VO5 muscle precursors, consistent with recent results indicating that Kr activity is necessary for specification of a subset of muscles and their proper innervation during embryogenesis.

          (Hartmann and Jäckle, 1997)
          Relationship to Other Genes
          Source for database merge of
          Additional comments
          Nomenclature History
          Source for database identify of

          Source for identity of: KrT95D CG5405

          (Kodira, 1999.11)

          Source for identity of: Pacs KrT95D

          (FlyBoard ad hoc nomenclature committee, 2024.7.14)
          Nomenclature comments

          The original gene name "Krueppel target at 95D" (KrT95D) was changed to "Phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein" (Pacs) to reflect its homology to the human gene and eliminate eliminate the potentially offensive association of "Kruppel" with human conditions.

          (FlyBoard ad hoc nomenclature committee, 2024.7.14)
          Etymology
          Synonyms and Secondary IDs (6)
          Datasets (0)
          Study focus (0)
          Experimental Role
          Project
          Project Type
          Title
          Study result (0)
          Result
          Result Type
          Title
          External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 66 )
          Sequence Crossreferences
          NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
          GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
          GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
          RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
          UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
          UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          Other crossreferences
          AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
          BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
          DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
          EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
          FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
          FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
          InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
          KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
          MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
          Linkouts
          BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
          DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
          FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
          FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
          Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
          Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
          iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
          MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          References (56)