FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\Ski6
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Ski6
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Ski6
Annotation Symbol
CG15481
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0032487
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
7 publicly available
Gene Summary
Ski6 (Ski6) encodes a protein involved in gene expression regulation. [Date last reviewed: 2019-07-11] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

dRrp41, dSki6

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
34A10-34A10
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-47
RefSeq locus
NT_033779 REGION:13221397..13222429
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (14 terms)
Molecular Function (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables RNA binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000237327
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Biological Process (6 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in defense response to virus
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Molleston et al., 2016)
involved_in regulation of gene expression
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Kiss and Andrulis, 2010)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in nuclear mRNA surveillance
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000237329
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in poly(A)-dependent snoRNA 3'-end processing
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000237329
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in rRNA catabolic process
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000237327
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in U4 snRNA 3'-end processing
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000237329
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Cellular Component (7 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Graham et al., 2006)
located_in euchromatin
inferred from direct assay
(Andrulis et al., 2002)
part_of exosome (RNase complex)
inferred from direct assay
(Forler et al., 2003)
part_of nuclear exosome (RNase complex)
inferred from direct assay
(Andrulis et al., 2002)
located_in nuclear lamina
inferred from direct assay
(Graham et al., 2006)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of cytoplasmic exosome (RNase complex)
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000237328
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
part_of nuclear exosome (RNase complex)
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000237329
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with SGD:S000003427
(Andrulis et al., 2002)
is_active_in nucleolus
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000237329
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Ski6 (Ski6) encodes a protein involved in gene expression regulation. [Date last reviewed: 2019-07-11]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
NUCLEAR EXOSOME COMPLEX -
The nuclear exosome is a 3'-5' exonuclease complex that is involved in the processing and degradation many types of RNAs, including mRNA, rRNA, snRNA, snoRNA and tRNA. In yeast and humans, the exosome has a barrel structure, the core of which is formed by a ring of six RNase PH domain subunits and a cap of three S1/KH-domain subunits. (Adapted from FBrf0210381 and PMID:27345150).
CYTOPLASMIC EXOSOME COMPLEX -
The cytoplasmic exosome is a 3'-5' exonuclease complex involved in the processing and degradation many types of RNA which include the removal of unstable and aberrant transcripts. In yeast and humans, the exosome has a barrel structure, the core of which is formed by a ring of six RNase PH domain subunits and a cap of three S1/KH-domain subunits. (Adapted from FBrf0210381 and PMID:27345150).
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
2
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Ski6 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9VK19)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.47

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Ski6-RA
FBtr0080483
NM_135774
911
246
Ski6-RB
FBtr0334755
NM_001273508
903
246
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Ski6-PA
FBpp0080062
27.0
246
5.97
Q9VK19
NP_609618
AAF53263
Ski6-PB
FBpp0306796
27.0
246
5.97
Q9VK19
NP_001260437
AGB92972
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

246 aa isoforms: Ski6-PA, Ski6-PB
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Ski6 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

4.98

Transcript Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Graham et al., 2006)
located_in euchromatin
inferred from direct assay
(Andrulis et al., 2002)
part_of exosome (RNase complex)
inferred from direct assay
(Forler et al., 2003)
part_of nuclear exosome (RNase complex)
inferred from direct assay
(Andrulis et al., 2002)
located_in nuclear lamina
inferred from direct assay
(Graham et al., 2006)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Ski6 in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 3 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 4 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Ski6
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Ski6
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 1 )
Gene disrupted in
Df(2L)Exel8029
(Ryder, 2004.4.26)
Inferred from location ( 6 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (4)
Hsap\EXOSC4
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
1  
Hsap\EXOSC5
3 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\EXOSC6
3 of 14
No
No
Hsap\PNPT1
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (4)
Rnor\Exosc4
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Exosc5
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Exosc6
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Pnpt1
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (4)
Mmus\Exosc4
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Exosc5
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Exosc6
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Pnpt1
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (4)
Xtro\exosc4
7 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\exosc6
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\pnpt1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\renbp
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (4)
Drer\exosc4
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\exosc6
4 of 14
No
No
Drer\exosc5
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\exosc8
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (6)
Cele\exos-4.1
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
Cele\exos-4.2
4 of 14
No
No
Cele\crn-5
3 of 14
No
No
Cele\BE0003N10.1
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\exos-7
1 of 14
No
No
Cele\exos-9
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (5)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP011906
4 of 12
Yes
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP002177
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010483
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010791
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP012402
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (8)
Atha\RRP41
13 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\RRP41L
4 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT3G46210
3 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT1G60080
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT2G07110
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT3G07750
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT5G14580
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\RIF10
1 of 13
No
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (3)
Scer\SKI6
13 of 13
Yes
Yes
Scer\RRP46
3 of 13
No
No
Scer\MTR3
2 of 13
No
No
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (3)
Spom\rrp41
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Spom\rrp46
3 of 12
No
No
Spom\SPBC211.08c
3 of 12
No
No
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (2)
Ecol\rph
7 of 11
Yes
Yes
Ecol\pnp
1 of 11
No
No
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Ski6. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (5)
Mtr3
7 of 13
Rrp46
6 of 13
PNPase
1 of 13
Rrp42
1 of 13
Rrp45
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    EXOSC4; exosome component 4
    14 of 14
    606491
         
        EXOSC5; exosome component 5
        3 of 14
        606492
           
          EXOSC6; exosome component 6
          3 of 14
          606490
              Functional Complementation Data
              Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
              Interactions
              Summary of Physical Interactions
              Summary of Genetic Interactions
              Interaction Browsers
              Starting gene(s)
              Interaction type
              Interacting gene(s)
              Reference
              Starting gene(s)
              Interaction type
              Interacting gene(s)
              Reference
              External Data
              Linkouts
              BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
              DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
              MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
              Pathways
              Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
              Metabolic Pathways
              FlyBase
              External Links
              External Data
              Linkouts
              KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
              Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
              Class of Gene
              Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
              Chromosome (arm)
              2L
              Recombination map
              2-47
              Cytogenetic map
              34A10-34A10
              Sequence location
              FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
              Cytogenetic map
              Evidence for location
              34A10-34A10
              Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}l(2)k11328k11328&P{lacW}l(2)k10105k10105 and P{EP}EP850&P{lacW}l(2)k05911k05911
              Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
              Cytogenetic map
              Notes
              References
              Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
              Location

              2-47

              (FlyBase, 2016)

              2-43.7

              (Comeron et al., 2012)
              Left of (cM)
              Right of (cM)
              Notes
              Stocks and Reagents
              Stocks (7)
              Genomic Clones (14)
               

              Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

              cDNA Clones (18)
               

              Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

              cDNA clones, fully sequenced
              BDGP DGC clones
              Other clones
              Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

              For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

              cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
              BDGP DGC clones
              Other clones
              RNAi and Array Information
              Linkouts
              DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
              Antibody Information
              Laboratory Generated Antibodies
               

              polyclonal

              (Silverstein et al., 2011)
              Commercially Available Antibodies
               
              Cell Line Information
              Publicly Available Cell Lines
               
                Other Stable Cell Lines
                 
                Other Comments

                dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene in combination with dsRNA against gig results in suppression of the final average cell size, with it being closer to the control average cell size, rather than the average cell size resulting from knockdown of the candidate gene alone.

                (Guertin et al., 2006)

                Identification: as a protein that copurifies with Spt6 protein.

                (Andrulis et al., 2002)
                Relationship to Other Genes
                Source for database merge of
                Additional comments

                FlyBase curator comment: one insertion in the "e03781" Exelixis line (PBac{RB}e03781b) was originally assigned to the Ski6 gene in FBrf0179797, resulting in the "Ski6e03781" (FBal0159748) allele. However, FBrf0184340 shows that this was incorrect, and the PBac{RB}e03781b insertion is not within a transcription unit.

                (Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center, 2004.11.6)
                Nomenclature History
                Source for database identify of

                Source for identity of: Ski6 CG15481

                (Andrulis et al., 2002)
                Nomenclature comments
                Etymology
                Synonyms and Secondary IDs (5)
                Datasets (0)
                Study focus (0)
                Experimental Role
                Project
                Project Type
                Title
                Study result (0)
                Result
                Result Type
                Title
                External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 43 )
                Sequence Crossreferences
                NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                Other crossreferences
                AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
                DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
                InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
                KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                Linkouts
                BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
                DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
                FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
                Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
                FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
                iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
                KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
                MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
                References (42)