FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\pirk
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\pirk
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
poor Imd response upon knock-in
Annotation Symbol
CG15678
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0034647
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
6 publicly available
Gene Summary
poor Imd response upon knock-in (pirk) encodes a negative regulator of the immune deficiency (Imd) pathway, acting at the level of the product of PGRP-LC. Being regulated by the Imd pathway itself, it establishes a negative feedback loop adjusting Imd pathway activity to the severity of infection. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

PIMS, PGRP-LC-interacting inhibitor of Imd signaling, Rudra

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
57F6-57F7
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-96
RefSeq locus
NT_033778 REGION:21660967..21662995
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (4 terms)
Molecular Function (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables protein binding
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:imd; FB:FBgn0013983
(Aggarwal et al., 2008)
enables signaling receptor binding
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:PGRP-LE; FB:FBgn0030695
(Aggarwal et al., 2008)
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:PGRP-LC; FB:FBgn0035976
(Aggarwal et al., 2008)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Biological Process (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in negative regulation of peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Fernando et al., 2014, Aggarwal et al., 2008, Kleino et al., 2008, Lhocine et al., 2008)
inferred from direct assay
(Kleino et al., 2008)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Cellular Component (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytosol
inferred from direct assay
(Kleino et al., 2008)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Pathway (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
    -
    Summaries
    Gene Snapshot
    poor Imd response upon knock-in (pirk) encodes a negative regulator of the immune deficiency (Imd) pathway, acting at the level of the product of PGRP-LC. Being regulated by the Imd pathway itself, it establishes a negative feedback loop adjusting Imd pathway activity to the severity of infection. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
    Pathway (FlyBase)
    NEGATIVE REGULATORS OF IMD SIGNALING PATHWAY -
    Negative regulators of the immune deficiency (Imd) pathway result in the decreased activity of the NFκB-like transcription factor Rel in the nucleus. Negative regulators are important in preventing damage to the host from over-activation of the pathway; preventing inappropriate triggering or terminating the response. (Adapted from FBrf0224587 and FBrf0238555.)
    Gene Model and Products
    Number of Transcripts
    2
    Number of Unique Polypeptides
    1

    Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\pirk for information on other features

    To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

    Protein Domains (via Pfam)
    Isoform displayed:
    Pfam protein domains
    InterPro name
    classification
    start
    end
    Protein Domains (via SMART)
    Isoform displayed:
    SMART protein domains
    InterPro name
    classification
    start
    end
    Structure
    Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9W2E6)

    If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
    Model Confidence:
    • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
    • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
    • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
    • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

    AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

    Experimentally Determined Structures
    Crossreferences
    Comments on Gene Model

    Gene model reviewed during 5.51

    Gene model reviewed during 5.56

    Transcript Data
    Annotated Transcripts
    Name
    FlyBase ID
    RefSeq ID
    Length (nt)
    Assoc. CDS (aa)
    pirk-RA
    FBtr0071682
    NM_137754
    1301
    197
    pirk-RB
    FBtr0345682
    NM_001299757
    1846
    197
    Additional Transcript Data and Comments
    Reported size (kB)
    Comments
    External Data
    Crossreferences
    Polypeptide Data
    Annotated Polypeptides
    Name
    FlyBase ID
    Predicted MW (kDa)
    Length (aa)
    Theoretical pI
    UniProt
    RefSeq ID
    GenBank
    pirk-PA
    FBpp0071599
    21.2
    197
    9.59
    Q9W2E6
    NP_611598
    AAF46746
    pirk-PB
    FBpp0311731
    21.2
    197
    9.59
    Q9W2E6
    NP_001286686
    AHN56481
    Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

    The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

    197 aa isoforms: pirk-PA, pirk-PB
    Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
    Reported size (kDa)
    Comments
    External Data
    Crossreferences
    Linkouts
    Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
    Mapped Features

    Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\pirk using the Feature Mapper tool.

    External Data
    Crossreferences
    Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
    Linkouts
    Expression Data
    Testis-specificity index

    The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

    -0.54

    Transcript Expression
    Additional Descriptive Data
    Marker for
     
    Subcellular Localization
    CV Term
    Polypeptide Expression
    Additional Descriptive Data
    Marker for
     
    Subcellular Localization
    CV Term
    Evidence
    References
    located_in cytosol
    inferred from direct assay
    (Kleino et al., 2008)
    Expression Deduced from Reporters
    High-Throughput Expression Data
    Associated Tools

    JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

    View Dmel\pirk in JBrowse
    RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
    Bulk Downloads
    RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
    Reference
    See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
    Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
    Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
    External Data and Images
    Linkouts
    BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
    DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
    EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
    FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
    FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
    Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
    Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
    Images
    FlyBase Wiki
    Image Based Resources
    Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
    Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 3 )
    For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
     
    Other relevant insertions
    Transgenic Constructs ( 10 )
    For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
    Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of pirk
    Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of pirk
    Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 0 )
    Inferred from experimentation ( 0 )
    Inferred from location ( 6 )
    Variants
    Variant Molecular Consequences
    Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
    Phenotypes
    Orthologs
    Downloads
    Download All DIOPT Orthologs
    Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
    Species\Gene Symbol
    Score
    Best Score
    Best Reverse Score
    Source
    Compara
    Domainoid
    eggNOG
    Hieranoid
    Homologene
    Inparanoid
    OMA
    OrthoDB
    OrthoFinder
    OrthoInspector
    orthoMCL
    Panther
    Phylome
    SonicParanoid
    Alignment
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Homo sapiens (Human) (0)
    Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
    Species\Gene Symbol
    Score
    Best Score
    Best Reverse Score
    Source
    Compara
    Domainoid
    eggNOG
    Hieranoid
    Homologene
    Inparanoid
    OMA
    OrthoDB
    OrthoFinder
    OrthoInspector
    orthoMCL
    Panther
    Phylome
    SonicParanoid
    Alignment
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (0)
    Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (0)
    Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (0)
    Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (0)
    Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)
    Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (0)
    Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
    Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
    Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
    Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
    Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
    Data provided directly from OrthoDB:pirk. Refer to their site for version information.
    Paralogs
    Downloads
    Download All DIOPT Paralogs
    Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
    Human Disease Associations
    FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
      Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
      Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
      Allele
      Disease
      Evidence
      References
      Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
      Human Ortholog
      Disease
      Evidence
      References
      Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
      Allele
      Disease
      Interaction
      References
      Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
      Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
      Homo sapiens (Human)
      Gene name
      Score
      OMIM
      OMIM Phenotype
      DO term
      Complementation?
      Transgene?
      Functional Complementation Data
      Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
      Interactions
      Summary of Physical Interactions
      Summary of Genetic Interactions
      Interaction Browsers
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      External Data
      Linkouts
      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
      MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      Pathways
      Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
      Metabolic Pathways
      FlyBase
      External Links
      External Data
      Linkouts
      KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
      Class of Gene
      Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
      Chromosome (arm)
      2R
      Recombination map
      2-96
      Cytogenetic map
      57F6-57F7
      Sequence location
      FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Evidence for location
      57F6-57F7
      Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}CG10082EP436&P{EP}EP712EP712 and P{EP}Tim10EP541&P{lacW}l(2)k09617k09617;
      Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Notes
      References
      Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
      Location

      2-96

      (FlyBase, 2016)

      2-102.6

      (Comeron et al., 2012)
      Left of (cM)
      Right of (cM)
      Notes
      Stocks and Reagents
      Stocks (6)
      Genomic Clones (12)
       

      Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

      cDNA Clones (20)
       

      Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

      cDNA clones, fully sequenced
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

      cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
      BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        RNAi and Array Information
        Linkouts
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        Antibody Information
        Laboratory Generated Antibodies
         
        Commercially Available Antibodies
         
        Cell Line Information
        Publicly Available Cell Lines
         
          Other Stable Cell Lines
           
          Other Comments

          pirk functions upstream of Rel activation and IMD cleavage.

          (Aggarwal et al., 2008)
          Relationship to Other Genes
          Source for database merge of

          Source for merge of: CG15678 BcDNA:SD16010

          (FlyBase, 1996-)
          Additional comments

          Source for merge of CG15678 BcDNA:SD16010 was a shared cDNA ( date:030728 ).

          (FlyBase, 1996-)
          Nomenclature History
          Source for database identify of

          Source for identity of: pirk CG15678

          (Kleino et al., 2008)
          Nomenclature comments
          Etymology

          'rudra' is named for Shiva, the Indian god of destruction, who in his Rudra phase of mind causes inhibition and destruction of all life on Earth.

          (Aggarwal et al., 2008)
          Synonyms and Secondary IDs (12)
          Reported As
          Symbol Synonym
          BcDNA:SD16010
          CG15678
          (National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2022-, Bina et al., 2010, Gendrin et al., 2009, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Zsindely et al., 2009, Aggarwal et al., 2008, Kleino et al., 2008, Lhocine et al., 2008, Valanne et al., 2007)
          PIMS
          (Ma et al., 2021, Ma et al., 2019, Westfall et al., 2018, Orme et al., 2016, Ryu et al., 2010)
          PIRK
          (Kleino and Silverman, 2014, Ayyaz and Jasper, 2013, Ferrandon, 2013, Fukuyama et al., 2013)
          Pims
          (Buchon et al., 2009)
          Pirk
          (Arias-Rojas et al., 2024, Asgari et al., 2024, Meyer et al., 2024, Wang et al., 2024, Maitra et al., 2023, Stączek et al., 2023, Cammarata-Mouchtouris et al., 2022, Sciambra and Chtarbanova, 2021, Swanson et al., 2020, Hanson et al., 2019, Sanuki et al., 2019, Zhai et al., 2018, Capo et al., 2017, Kleino et al., 2017, Neyen et al., 2016, Xiong et al., 2016, El Chamy et al., 2015, Jones et al., 2015, Bonnay et al., 2014, Buchon et al., 2013, Gendrin et al., 2013, Kuraishi et al., 2013, Igboin et al., 2012, Kounatidis and Ligoxygakis, 2012, Valanne et al., 2011, Buchon et al., 2009, Cronin et al., 2009)
          Rudra
          (Igboin et al., 2012, Gendrin et al., 2009)
          pims
          (Gendrin et al., 2009, Lhocine et al., 2008)
          pirk
          (Arora et al., 2025, Ghosh et al., 2025, Joly et al., 2025, Fioriti et al., 2024, Nigg et al., 2024, Vesala et al., 2024, Hsieh and Chiang, 2023, Snee et al., 2023, Zhou et al., 2022, Ferguson et al., 2021, Arora and Ligoxygakis, 2020, Krautz et al., 2020, Shaposhnikov et al., 2020, Maitra et al., 2019, Wei et al., 2018, Kounatidis et al., 2017, Kurz et al., 2017, Morris et al., 2016, Kavi et al., 2015, Fernando et al., 2014, Taylor et al., 2014, Erkosar et al., 2013, Short and Lazzaro, 2013, Bosco-Drayon et al., 2012, Doroszuk et al., 2012, Kounatidis and Ligoxygakis, 2012, Paredes et al., 2011, Ragab et al., 2011, Gendrin et al., 2009, Kleino et al., 2008)
          rudra
          (Aggarwal et al., 2008)
          Name Synonyms
          CG15678
          PGRP-LC-interacting inhibitor of Imd signaling
          (Igboin et al., 2012, Lhocine et al., 2008)
          poor Imd response upon knock-in
          (Fukuyama et al., 2013, Kleino et al., 2008)
          Secondary FlyBase IDs
          • FBgn0062875
          Datasets (0)
          Study focus (0)
          Experimental Role
          Project
          Project Type
          Title
          Study result (0)
          Result
          Result Type
          Title
          External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 32 )
          Sequence Crossreferences
          NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
          GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
          GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
          RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
          UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
          UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          Other crossreferences
          AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
          BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
          DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
          EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
          FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
          FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
          KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
          MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
          Linkouts
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
          DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
          FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
          FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
          Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
          Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
          iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
          KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
          MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          References (105)