FB2025_05 , released December 11, 2025
Gene: Dmel\sud1
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\sud1
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
sudestada1
Annotation Symbol
CG44254
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0265189
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
4 publicly available
Gene Summary
sudestada1 (sud1) encodes a prolyl hydroxylase that modifies a specific prolyl residue of the small ribosomal subunit protein encoded by RpS23. Lack of sud1 affects growth, triggers the unfolded protein response, as well as apoptosis and autophagy. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
96B6-96B6
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-86
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:24915840..24917864
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (10 terms)
Molecular Function (5 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables peptidyl-proline dioxygenase activity
inferred from direct assay
(Katz et al., 2014)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase activity
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR019601
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
enables iron ion binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006620, InterPro:IPR019601
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
enables L-ascorbic acid binding
inferred from sequence model with InterPro:IPR006620, InterPro:IPR019601
(FlyBase Curators, 2011-)
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006620, InterPro:IPR019601
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
enables oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006620
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
enables peptidyl-proline dioxygenase activity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000251752
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Biological Process (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in protein hydroxylation
inferred from direct assay
(Katz et al., 2014)
involved_in regulation of translation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Katz et al., 2014)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in regulation of translational termination
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000251752
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Cellular Component (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Katz et al., 2014)
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Katz et al., 2014)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in cytoplasm
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000251752
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the TPA1 family. (Q9I7H9)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
sudestada1 (sud1) encodes a prolyl hydroxylase that modifies a specific prolyl residue of the small ribosomal subunit protein encoded by RpS23. Lack of sud1 affects growth, triggers the unfolded protein response, as well as apoptosis and autophagy. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
PEPTIDYL-PROLINE DIOXYGENASES -
Peptidyl-proline dioxygenases catalyze the hydroxylation of peptidyl L-proline to peptidyl hydroxy-L-proline, where 2-oxoglutarate and one other act as hydrogen or electron donors with incorporation of one atom of oxygen into each donor.
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Prolyl 3-hydroxylase that catalyzes 3-hydroxylation of 'Pro-62' of small ribosomal subunit uS12 (RpS23), thereby regulating protein translation termination efficiency.
(UniProt, Q9I7H9)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\sud1 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9I7H9)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Genes with CDS overlap: isoforms of sud1 and PIG-S share promoter, first exon and N-terminal coding sequences (18 residues); overlapping structure not conserved outside of insects.

Gene model reviewed during 5.49

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
sud1-RA
FBtr0339113
NM_170182
1826
536
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
sud1-PA
FBpp0308258
61.2
536
4.57
Q9I7H9
NP_733061
AAG22170
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Monomer.

(UniProt, Q9I7H9)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\sud1 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

2.50

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
anterior midgut primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
posterior midgut primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
embryonic/larval midgut
(Fisher et al., 2012)
RT-PCR
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
organism
(Katz et al., 2014)
larval stage
organism

Comment: highest levels in first instar larva

(Katz et al., 2014)
third instar larval stage
embryonic/larval gut
(Katz et al., 2014)
embryonic/larval salivary gland
(Katz et al., 2014)
embryonic/larval fat body
(Katz et al., 2014)
imaginal disc
(Katz et al., 2014)
larval brain
(Katz et al., 2014)
embryonic/larval hypodermal muscle cell

Comment: together with integumentary system; reported as body wall

(Katz et al., 2014)
larval integumentary system

Comment: together with hypodermal muscle; reported as body wall

(Katz et al., 2014)
pupal stage
organism
(Katz et al., 2014)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Katz et al., 2014)
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Katz et al., 2014)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\sud1 in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 2 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 4 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of sud1
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of sud1
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 0 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 0 )
Inferred from location ( 5 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (1)
Hsap\OGFOD1
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
 
1  
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (1)
Rnor\Ogfod1
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (1)
Mmus\Ogfod1
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (2)
Xtro\ogfod1
6 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\tmem94
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (1)
Drer\ogfod1
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)
Cele\C17G10.1
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (0)
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (1)
Scer\TPA1
11 of 13
Yes
Yes
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)
Spom\ofd1
10 of 12
Yes
Yes
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:sud1. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    OGFOD1; 2-oxoglutarate and iron dependent oxygenase domain containing 1
    12 of 14
    615857
         
        Functional Complementation Data
        Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
        Dmel gene
        Ortholog showing functional complementation
        Supporting References
        sud1
        Hsap\OGFOD1
        (Katz et al., 2014)
        Interactions
        Summary of Physical Interactions
        Interaction Browsers
        View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
        Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
        protein-protein
        Physical Interaction
        Assay
        References
        sud1 - CG5412
        experimental knowledge based
        (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
        Summary of Genetic Interactions
        Interaction Browsers
        View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
        Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        sud1
        suppressible
        PEK
        (Katz et al., 2014)
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        External Data
        Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
        Monomer.
        (UniProt, Q9I7H9 )
        Linkouts
        Pathways
        Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
        Metabolic Pathways
        FlyBase
        External Links
        External Data
        Linkouts
        Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
        Class of Gene
        Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
        Chromosome (arm)
        3R
        Recombination map
        3-86
        Cytogenetic map
        96B6-96B6
        Sequence location
        FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Evidence for location
        96B6-96B6
        Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Notes
        References
        Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
        Location

        3-86

        (FlyBase, 2016)

        3-85.1

        (Comeron et al., 2012)
        Left of (cM)
        Right of (cM)
        Notes
        Stocks and Reagents
        Stocks (4)
        Genomic Clones (12)
         

        Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

        cDNA Clones (26)
         

        Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

        cDNA clones, fully sequenced
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

        For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

        cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        RNAi and Array Information
        Linkouts
        Antibody Information
        Laboratory Generated Antibodies
         
        Commercially Available Antibodies
         
        Cell Line Information
        Publicly Available Cell Lines
         
          Other Stable Cell Lines
           
            Other Comments
            Relationship to Other Genes
            Source for database merge of
            Additional comments

            Annotation CG31120 split into CG44254 and CG44255 in release 5.49 of the genome annotation. The two annotations share a common 5' exon which encodes 18 N-terminal amino acid residues, but otherwise encode two distinct proteins.

            (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2012)

            Annotations CG13644, CG6031, CG18761 merged as CG31120 in release 3 of the genome annotation.

            (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003)
            Nomenclature History
            Source for database identify of

            Source for identity of: sud1 CG44254

            (Katz et al., 2014)
            Nomenclature comments
            Etymology

            The CG44254 ribosomal oxygenase gene is named "sudestada1" after a wind that blows across the southeastern coast of South America.

            (Katz et al., 2014)
            Synonyms and Secondary IDs (5)
            Reported As
            Symbol Synonym
            CG18761
            CG31120
            (Keleman et al., 2009.8.5)
            CG44254
            (Katz et al., 2014)
            sud1
            (Gene Disruption Project members, 2018-, Bischof and FlyORF project members, 2014.6.20, Katz et al., 2014)
            Name Synonyms
            sudestada1
            (Katz et al., 2014)
            Secondary FlyBase IDs
            • FBgn0051120
            • FBgn0042107
            Datasets (0)
            Study focus (0)
            Experimental Role
            Project
            Project Type
            Title
            Study result (0)
            Result
            Result Type
            Title
            External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 23 )
            Sequence Crossreferences
            NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
            GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
            GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
            RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
            UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
            UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
            Other crossreferences
            AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
            DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
            EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
            FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
            InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
            KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
            MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
            Linkouts
            Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
            FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
            iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
            Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
            References (23)