FlyBase Allele Report: Dmel\hh[Mrt]

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\hh^Mrt

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

FlyBase ID

FBal0005484

Feature type

allele

Associated gene

Dmel\hh

Associated Insertion(s)

Carried in Construct

Also Known As

hh^Moonrat

Key Links

Allele class

heat sensitive neomorphic allele - genetic evidence

Mutagen

Nature of the Allele

Allele class

heat sensitive neomorphic allele - genetic evidence

(Felsenfeld and Kennison, 1995)

Mutagen

spontaneous

(Felsenfeld and Kennison, 1995)

ethyl methanesulfonate

(Hallson et al., 2008)

Progenitor genotype

Cytology

Description

hh^Mrt mutants exhibit a 24bp deletion in the 'C' domain of the hh promoter (The 'C' domain is defined as -4265 to -3214bp upstream of the hh-RB transcription start site).

(Pérez et al., 2011)

Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Curation Data

Type

Location

Additional Notes

References

Variant Molecular Consequences

Associated Sequence Data

DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank

DNA sequence

Protein sequence

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Expression Data

Reporter Expression

Additional Information

Statement

Reference

Marker for

Reflects expression of

Reporter construct used in assay

Human Disease Associations

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease

Interaction

References

Comments on Models/Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease-implicated variant(s)

Phenotypic Data

Phenotypic Class

Phenotype Manifest In

antenna | distal

(Felsenfeld and Kennison, 1995)

crossvein | ectopic (with hh²)

(Wang et al., 2017)

eye

(Felsenfeld and Kennison, 1995)

haltere | distal

(Felsenfeld and Kennison, 1995)

leg | distal

(Felsenfeld and Kennison, 1995)

ommatidium

(Felsenfeld and Kennison, 1995)

primordial germ cell | dorsal closure stage

(Deshpande and Schedl, 2005)

primordial germ cell | dorsal closure stage (with hh^unspecified)

(Deshpande and Schedl, 2005)

primordial germ cell | embryonic stage

(Kim et al., 2021)

wing

(Casso et al., 2008, Deshpande and Schedl, 2005, Schulze et al., 2001, Haines and van Den Heuvel, 2000, Alves et al., 1998)

wing (with hh²)

(Wang et al., 2017)

wing | anterior

(Hallson et al., 2008, Jackson et al., 1997)

wing | anterior | distal

(Alves et al., 1998, Johnson et al., 1995)

wing | anterior | distal | cold sensitive

(Felsenfeld and Kennison, 1995)

wing blade

(Kim et al., 2014)

wing blade anterior compartment

(Kim et al., 2014, Tabata and Kornberg, 1994)

wing disc

(Tabata and Kornberg, 1994)

wing disc | cold sensitive

(Felsenfeld and Kennison, 1995)

wing margin

(Haines and van Den Heuvel, 2000)

wing margin bristle

(Kim et al., 2014)

wing vein

(Hallson et al., 2008, Schulze et al., 2001, Tabata and Kornberg, 1994)

wing vein | ectopic

(Hallson et al., 2008, Johnson et al., 1995)

wing vein | increased number

(Haines and van Den Heuvel, 2000)

wing vein L2

(Kim et al., 2014, Alves et al., 1998)

wing vein L2 | cold sensitive

(Felsenfeld and Kennison, 1995)

wing vein L3

(Kim et al., 2014, Bejarano et al., 2007)

wing vein L3 | cold sensitive

(Felsenfeld and Kennison, 1995)

Detailed Description

Statement

Reference

hh²/hh^Mrt mutant adults exhibit smaller wings with an ectopic crossvein, as compared to controls.

(Wang et al., 2017)

hh^Mrt/+ flies have wing phenotypes described in three classes of increasing severity: in class I (68% of hh^Mrt/+ wings) the distal anterior wing region is slightly expanded and the L2 wing vein partially duplicated; in class II (23%) the distal anterior wing region is expanded and rounded, the L2 wing vein is frequently duplicated (proximally) and absent (distally), and the L3 wing vein is thickened (distally); in class III (9%) the anterior compartment is almost completely rounded, all class II phenotypes are present but more severe, and there is frequent loss of sensory bristles in the anterior wing region.

(Kim et al., 2014)

hh^Mrt heterozygous mutants exhibit duplication of anterior structures in the wing, such as the L3 wing vein.

(Pérez et al., 2011)

Over two-thirds of heterozygous wings show anterior overgrowths.

(Casso et al., 2008)

hh^Mrt flies show wing vein defects (interior loss and extra veins at the margin) and anterior overgrowth.

(Hallson et al., 2008)

hh^Mrt/+ adult wings show ectopic longitudinal vein L3 tissue.

(Bejarano et al., 2007)

hh^Mrt/+ animals exhibit a range of wing phenotypes resulting from different degrees of anterior to posterior transformation of the anterior wing blade.

hh^Mrt/+ embryos have defects in germ cell migration: and about 60% of the stage 13 to 16 embryos have four or more mispositioned germ cells (n=25). These defects are more severe in hh^Mrt/hh^unspecified embryos: >90% of stage 13 to 16 have ten or more mispositioned germ cells (n = 20).

(Deshpande and Schedl, 2005)

Wing is mis-shapen due to anterior overgrowth, with loss of wing veins in the interior and extra veins near the margins.

(Schulze et al., 2001)

Heterozygotes show a wing phenotype which varies between clear overgrowth of the wing to slight disorganisation of the wing margin and the addition of extra vein material.

(Haines and van Den Heuvel, 2000)

Heterozygotes show variable wing defects. Class IV wings show expansion of the distal anterior region and partial duplication of vein 2.

(Alves et al., 1998)

Heterozygous adults show overgrowth and wing patterning defects limited to the anterior part of the wing.

(Jackson et al., 1997)

Heterozygotes display expansion of the distal, anterior wing region and accompanying defects in anterior wing veins L2 and L3. Imaginal wing discs are overgrown to varying extents in the anterior regions and display partial duplication of distal wing structures. Wing phenotype is temperature sensitive, penetrance and expressivity are higher at 20^oC than 25^oC and is more extreme when the hh^Mrt chromosome is inherited from the father. Posterior wing compartment is unaffected. Homozygous pharate adults dissected from the pupal case display duplications of distal leg, haltere and antennae. Heterozygotes display eye malformations; in some cases the eye is enlarged and misshapen with a rough phenotype.

(Felsenfeld and Kennison, 1995)

Overgrowth and ectopic venation in the anterior distal portions of the wing.

(Johnson et al., 1995)

Homozygotes are viable.

(de Celis and Ruiz-Gomez, 1995)

Deformed wings, extra veins form in the anterior compartment and wing blades display an expansion along the anterodistal edge. Wing discs display an enlargement of the anterior portion of the wing blade.

(Tabata and Kornberg, 1994)

Heterozygote shows partial transformation of anterior wing to posterior (triple row bristles replaced by double row bristles in patches). A network of extra veins appears in the anterior compartment, beginning at the distal edge in the least affected flies and covering the entire anterior compartment in the more extreme cases. Wing blade expanded anteriorly at the distal edge. Wing blade expansion and extra veins resemble phenotypes seen in en¹ homozygotes in the presence of Minute mutations. Bubbles often form in the wing blade. More rarely, a mirror-image outgrowth from the anterior edge is present. Mirror-image duplications sometimes appear in halteres. Legs sometimes appear deformed (similar to phenotype of "en^lethal" clones induced in the larva). Dominant phenotypes strongly temperature-sensitive. Penetrance greater than 99% at 18^oC (with strong expressivity) but only 30-40% at 29^oC (with very weak expressivity). Shows paternal effect. Penetrance greater when mutant allele inherited from father than when inherited from mother. hh^Mrt/+/+ indistinguishable from hh^Mrt/+.

External Data

Linkouts

Interactions

Show genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors

Phenotypic Class

Enhanced by

Statement

Reference

hh^Mrt has visible | dominant phenotype, enhanceable by mir-14^Δ1/mir-14^Δ1

(Kim et al., 2014)

hh^Mrt has visible | dominant phenotype, enhanceable by swm^37Dh-1/swm[+]

(Casso et al., 2008)

hh^Mrt has visible | dominant phenotype, enhanceable by sbb[+]/sbb⁶

(Bejarano et al., 2007)

Suppressed by

Statement

Reference

hh^Mrt has visible | dominant phenotype, suppressible by mts^XE-2258/mts[+]

(Casso et al., 2008)

hh^Mrt has visible phenotype, suppressible by Nipped-B²⁹/Nipped-B[+]

(Hallson et al., 2008)

hh^Mrt has visible phenotype, suppressible by vtd[+]/vtd¹⁰

(Schulze et al., 2001)

hh^Mrt has visible phenotype, suppressible by vtd¹¹/vtd[+]

(Schulze et al., 2001)

hh^Mrt has visible phenotype, suppressible by vtd¹²/vtd[+]

(Schulze et al., 2001)

hh^Mrt has visible phenotype, suppressible by vtd[+]/vtd³

(Schulze et al., 2001)

hh^Mrt has visible phenotype, suppressible by vtd⁴/vtd[+]

(Schulze et al., 2001)

hh^Mrt has visible phenotype, suppressible by vtd⁶/vtd[+]

(Schulze et al., 2001)

hh^Mrt has visible phenotype, suppressible by vtd⁷/vtd[+]

(Schulze et al., 2001)

hh^Mrt has visible phenotype, suppressible by vtd⁸/vtd[+]

(Schulze et al., 2001)

hh^Mrt has visible phenotype, suppressible by vtd⁹/vtd[+]

(Schulze et al., 2001)

hh^Mrt has visible phenotype, suppressible by vtd²/vtd[+]

(Schulze et al., 2001)

hh^Mrt has visible | dominant phenotype, suppressible by Su(hh)II^II

(Haines and van Den Heuvel, 2000)

hh^Mrt has visible | dominant phenotype, suppressible by Su(hh)III^III

(Haines and van Den Heuvel, 2000)

hh^Mrt has visible | dominant phenotype, suppressible by Su(hh)IV^IV

(Haines and van Den Heuvel, 2000)

hh^Mrt has visible | dominant phenotype, suppressible by Su(hh)V^V

(Haines and van Den Heuvel, 2000)

hh^Mrt has visible | dominant phenotype, suppressible by Su(hh)VI^VI

(Haines and van Den Heuvel, 2000)

hh^Mrt has visible | dominant phenotype, suppressible by Su(hh)VII^VII

(Haines and van Den Heuvel, 2000)

hh^Mrt has visible | dominant phenotype, suppressible by Su(hh)I^I

(Haines and van Den Heuvel, 2000)

hh^Mrt has visible | dominant phenotype, suppressible by fu¹

(Alves et al., 1998)

hh^Mrt has visible | dominant phenotype, suppressible by fu⁴¹

(Alves et al., 1998)

hh^Mrt has visible | dominant phenotype, suppressible by dally^unspecified

(Jackson et al., 1997)

NOT suppressed by

Statement

Reference

hh^Mrt has visible phenotype, non-suppressible by l(3)80Fj^2-30

(Schulze et al., 2001)

Other

Statement

Reference

dally^UAS.cJa, hh^Mrt has visible phenotype

(Jackson et al., 1997)

dally^hs.PJ, hh^Mrt has visible phenotype

(Jackson et al., 1997)

dally^UAS.cJa, hh^Mrt has visible | dominant phenotype

(Jackson et al., 1997)

dally^hs.PJ, hh^Mrt has visible | dominant phenotype

(Jackson et al., 1997)

Phenotype Manifest In

Enhanced by

Statement

Reference

hh^Mrt has wing blade anterior compartment phenotype, enhanceable by mir-14^Δ1/mir-14^Δ1

(Kim et al., 2014)

hh^Mrt has wing blade phenotype, enhanceable by mir-14^Δ1/mir-14^Δ1

(Kim et al., 2014)

hh^Mrt has wing vein L2 phenotype, enhanceable by mir-14^Δ1/mir-14^Δ1

(Kim et al., 2014)

hh^Mrt has wing vein L3 phenotype, enhanceable by mir-14^Δ1/mir-14^Δ1

(Kim et al., 2014)

hh^Mrt has wing margin bristle phenotype, enhanceable by mir-14^Δ1/mir-14^Δ1

(Kim et al., 2014)

hh^Mrt has wing phenotype, enhanceable by swm^37Dh-1/swm[+]

(Casso et al., 2008)

hh^Mrt has wing vein L3 phenotype, enhanceable by sbb[+]/sbb⁶

(Bejarano et al., 2007)

hh^Mrt has germline cell phenotype, enhanceable by ttv[+]/ttv^unspecified

(Deshpande et al., 2007)

hh^Mrt has primordial germ cell | dorsal closure stage phenotype, enhanceable by disp[+]/disp^unspecified

(Deshpande and Schedl, 2005)

hh^Mrt has primordial germ cell | dorsal closure stage phenotype, enhanceable by Hmgcr^unspecified/Hmgcr[+]

(Deshpande and Schedl, 2005)

hh^Mrt has leg | ectopic phenotype, enhanceable by Asx^XF23/Asx[+]

(Randsholt et al., 2000)

hh^Mrt has wing | anterior phenotype, enhanceable by Asx^XF23/Asx[+]

(Randsholt et al., 2000)

hh^Mrt has leg | ectopic phenotype, enhanceable by Psc[+]/Psc¹

(Randsholt et al., 2000)

hh^Mrt has wing | anterior phenotype, enhanceable by Psc[+]/Psc¹

(Randsholt et al., 2000)

hh^Mrt has leg | ectopic phenotype, enhanceable by mxc[+]/mxc^G46

(Randsholt et al., 2000)

hh^Mrt has wing | anterior phenotype, enhanceable by mxc[+]/mxc^G46

(Randsholt et al., 2000)

hh^Mrt has leg | ectopic phenotype, enhanceable by ph-d[+]/ph-d⁴⁰¹

(Randsholt et al., 2000)

hh^Mrt has wing | anterior phenotype, enhanceable by ph-d[+]/ph-d⁴⁰¹

(Randsholt et al., 2000)

hh^Mrt has leg | ectopic phenotype, enhanceable by pho^b/pho[+]

(Randsholt et al., 2000)

hh^Mrt has wing | anterior phenotype, enhanceable by pho^b/pho[+]

(Randsholt et al., 2000)

Suppressed by

Statement

Reference

hh^Mrt has wing phenotype, suppressible by mts^XE-2258/mts[+]

(Casso et al., 2008)

hh^Mrt has wing phenotype, suppressible by Nipped-B²⁹/Nipped-B[+]

(Hallson et al., 2008)

hh^Mrt has wing phenotype, suppressible by Hmgcr[+]/Hmgcr^11.57

(Deshpande and Schedl, 2005)

hh^Mrt has phenotype, suppressible by gpp⁸

(Shanower et al., 2005)

hh^Mrt has wing vein phenotype, suppressible by vtd[+]/vtd¹⁰

(Schulze et al., 2001)

hh^Mrt has wing vein phenotype, suppressible by vtd¹¹/vtd[+]

(Schulze et al., 2001)

hh^Mrt has wing vein phenotype, suppressible by vtd¹²/vtd[+]

(Schulze et al., 2001)

hh^Mrt has wing vein phenotype, suppressible by vtd²/vtd[+]

(Schulze et al., 2001)

hh^Mrt has wing vein phenotype, suppressible by vtd[+]/vtd³

(Schulze et al., 2001)

hh^Mrt has wing vein phenotype, suppressible by vtd⁴/vtd[+]

(Schulze et al., 2001)

hh^Mrt has wing vein phenotype, suppressible by vtd⁶/vtd[+]

(Schulze et al., 2001)

hh^Mrt has wing vein phenotype, suppressible by vtd⁷/vtd[+]

(Schulze et al., 2001)

hh^Mrt has wing vein phenotype, suppressible by vtd⁸/vtd[+]

(Schulze et al., 2001)

hh^Mrt has wing vein phenotype, suppressible by vtd⁹/vtd[+]

(Schulze et al., 2001)

hh^Mrt has wing phenotype, suppressible by vtd[+]/vtd¹⁰

(Schulze et al., 2001)

hh^Mrt has wing phenotype, suppressible by vtd¹¹/vtd[+]

(Schulze et al., 2001)

hh^Mrt has wing phenotype, suppressible by vtd¹²/vtd[+]

(Schulze et al., 2001)

hh^Mrt has wing phenotype, suppressible by vtd²/vtd[+]

(Schulze et al., 2001)

hh^Mrt has wing phenotype, suppressible by vtd[+]/vtd³

(Schulze et al., 2001)

hh^Mrt has wing phenotype, suppressible by vtd⁴/vtd[+]

(Schulze et al., 2001)

hh^Mrt has wing phenotype, suppressible by vtd⁶/vtd[+]

(Schulze et al., 2001)

hh^Mrt has wing phenotype, suppressible by vtd⁷/vtd[+]

(Schulze et al., 2001)

hh^Mrt has wing phenotype, suppressible by vtd⁸/vtd[+]

(Schulze et al., 2001)

hh^Mrt has wing phenotype, suppressible by vtd⁹/vtd[+]

(Schulze et al., 2001)

hh^Mrt has wing phenotype, suppressible by Su(hh)I^I

(Haines and van Den Heuvel, 2000)

hh^Mrt has wing phenotype, suppressible by Su(hh)II^II

(Haines and van Den Heuvel, 2000)

hh^Mrt has wing phenotype, suppressible by Su(hh)III^III

(Haines and van Den Heuvel, 2000)

hh^Mrt has wing phenotype, suppressible by Su(hh)IV^IV

(Haines and van Den Heuvel, 2000)

hh^Mrt has wing phenotype, suppressible by Su(hh)V^V

(Haines and van Den Heuvel, 2000)

hh^Mrt has wing phenotype, suppressible by Su(hh)VI^VI

(Haines and van Den Heuvel, 2000)

hh^Mrt has wing phenotype, suppressible by Su(hh)VII^VII

(Haines and van Den Heuvel, 2000)

hh^Mrt has wing vein L2 phenotype, suppressible by fu¹

(Alves et al., 1998)

hh^Mrt has wing | anterior | distal phenotype, suppressible by fu¹

(Alves et al., 1998)

hh^Mrt has wing vein L2 phenotype, suppressible by fu⁴¹

(Alves et al., 1998)

hh^Mrt has wing | anterior | distal phenotype, suppressible by fu⁴¹

(Alves et al., 1998)

hh^Mrt has wing | anterior phenotype, suppressible by dally^unspecified

(Jackson et al., 1997)

hh^Mrt has wing phenotype, suppressible by brm²³

(Felsenfeld and Kennison, 1995)

hh^Mrt has phenotype, suppressible by brm¹⁹

(Brizuela et al., 1994)

hh^Mrt has phenotype, suppressible by brm⁷

(Brizuela et al., 1994)

NOT suppressed by

Statement

Reference

hh^Mrt has wing vein phenotype, non-suppressible by l(3)80Fj^2-30

(Schulze et al., 2001)

hh^Mrt has wing phenotype, non-suppressible by l(3)80Fj^2-30

(Schulze et al., 2001)

Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

hh^Mrt is a suppressor of wing vein phenotype of Scer\GAL4^71B, ptc^UAS.cJa

(Johnson et al., 1995)

Other

Statement

Reference

hh^Mrt, sbb[+]/sbb⁶ has wing blade anterior compartment phenotype

(Bejarano et al., 2007)

hh^Mrt, sbb[+]/sbb⁶ has double row of wing sensilla | ectopic phenotype

(Bejarano et al., 2007)

hh^Mrt, sbb[+]/sbb⁶ has triple row of wing sensilla phenotype

(Bejarano et al., 2007)

dally^UAS.cJa, hh^Mrt has wing | anterior phenotype

(Jackson et al., 1997)

dally^hs.PJ, hh^Mrt has wing | anterior phenotype

(Jackson et al., 1997)

Additional Comments

Genetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

mir-14^Δ1/mir-14^Δ1 significantly enhances wing phenotypes in hh^Mrt/+ flies, with 55% showing class I phenotypes, 31% showing class II phenotypes and 14% showing class III phenotypes.

(Kim et al., 2014)

The hh^Mrt heterozygous mutant adult wing phenotype is enhanced in a ci⁵⁷ or gro^E48 heterozygous background.

(Pérez et al., 2011)

The frequency of the wing overgrowths phenotype seen in hh^Mrt/+ flies is suppressed by more than 50% if the flies are also heterozygous for mts^XE-2258, and the fraction of wings with a normal shape is increased from 13 to 68%.

The severity of the anterior wing outgrowths phenotype seen in hh^Mrt/+ flies is enhanced by swm^37Dh-1/+.

(Casso et al., 2008)

The wing defects seen in hh^Mrt mutants are moderately suppressed by Nipped-B²⁹/+.

(Hallson et al., 2008)

Loss of one copy of sbb⁶ strongly enhances the hh^Mrt heterozygous adult wing phenotype. Wings show duplication of longitudinal wing vein L3 tissue, and enlargement of the anterior compartment. The sensory organs located in the most anterior wing margin (triple row bristles) are transformed into more posteriorly located bristles (double row bristles).

(Bejarano et al., 2007)

ttv^unspecified dominantly enhances the severity of the mild germ cell migration defects seen in hh^Mrt heterozygous embryos.

(Deshpande et al., 2007)

The more extreme wing phenotypes seen in hh^Mrt/+ animals are suppressed by Hmgcr^11.57/+. These flies exhibit only the mildest wing phenotypes seen in hh^Mrt/+ animals.

The germ cell migration defects seen in hh^Mrt/+ embryos are enhanced by disp^unspecified/+ (>90% of stage 13 to 16 embryos have ten or more mispositioned germ cells (n = 20)) and by Hmgcr^unspecified/+.

(Deshpande and Schedl, 2005)

ph-d⁴⁰¹/Y;hh^Mrt/+ wings show increased transformation of the anterior compartment. Psc¹, Asx^XF23, pho^b and mxc^G46 all enhance the hh^Mrt phenotypes in both wings and legs.

(Randsholt et al., 2000)

The wing defects of hh^Mrt heterozygotes are partially rescued in dally^unspecified heterozygotes and completely suppressed in dally^unspecified homozygotes. The hh^Mrt/+ phenotype is potentiated by dally^hs.PJ and also by dally^Scer\UAS.cJa (in the absence of a Scer\GAL4 activator), converting the wing overgrowth phenotype to mirror image wing duplications in hh^Mrt/+ ; dally^hs.PJ or hh^Mrt/+ ; dally^Scer\UAS.cJa flies.

(Jackson et al., 1997)

In a hh^Mrt background the wing vein deletions of P{UAS-ptc.J} expressed from Scer\GAL4^71B are suppressed to mild vein fusions and the wing blade is restored to its normal size.

(Johnson et al., 1995)

Xenogenetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

Complementation and Rescue Data

Comments

Images (0)

Mutant

Wild-type

Stocks (1)

Bloomington

26166

hh^Mrt/TM3, Sb¹

Notes on Origin

Discoverer

Kennison.

Comments

Ectopic expression is due to misregulation of hh in cis. Etymology: the mutation is named "Moonrat" after the closest mammalian relative of the hedgehog.

(Felsenfeld and Kennison, 1995)

Recombination removed factors affecting viability of hh^Mrt homozygotes.

(de Celis and Ruiz-Gomez, 1995)

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 0 )

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (6)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

Mrt

hh^MRT

(Chauhan et al., 2013, Horabin et al., 2003)

hh^Moonrat

(Schürmann et al., 2018, Deshpande and Schedl, 2005)

hh^Mrt

(Kim et al., 2021, Wang et al., 2017, Kim et al., 2014, Pérez et al., 2011, Casso et al., 2008, Hallson et al., 2008, Bejarano et al., 2007, Deshpande et al., 2007, Deshpande and Schedl, 2005, Deshpande and Schedl, 2005)

hh^moonrat

(Chauhan et al., 2013)

Name Synonyms

Moonrat

Secondary FlyBase IDs

References (35)

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