FlyBase Allele Report: Dmel\kay[2]

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\kay²

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

FlyBase ID

FBal0005682

Feature type

allele

Associated gene

Dmel\kay

Associated Insertion(s)

Carried in Construct

Key Links

Allele class

heat sensitive hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence

Mutagen

ethyl methanesulfonate

Nature of the Allele

Allele class

heat sensitive hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence

(Zeitlinger et al., 1997)

Mutagen

ethyl methanesulfonate

(Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)

Progenitor genotype

Cytology

Description

Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Curation Data

Type

Location

Additional Notes

References

Variant Molecular Consequences

Associated Sequence Data

DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank

DNA sequence

Protein sequence

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Expression Data

Reporter Expression

Additional Information

Statement

Reference

Marker for

Reflects expression of

Reporter construct used in assay

Human Disease Associations

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease

Interaction

References

Comments on Models/Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease-implicated variant(s)

Phenotypic Data

Phenotypic Class

Phenotype Manifest In

adult thorax | dorsal

(Ciapponi and Bohmann, 2002, Zeitlinger and Bohmann, 1999, Zeitlinger et al., 1997)

adult thorax | dorsal (with kay¹), with kay^hs.PZ

(Ciapponi and Bohmann, 2002)

dendrite

(Hartwig et al., 2008)

dorsal appendage | maternal effect | somatic clone

(Dequier et al., 2001)

egg | maternal effect | somatic clone

(Dequier et al., 2001)

embryo | dorsal

(Zeitlinger et al., 1997)

embryo | dorsal closure stage

(Giesen et al., 2003, Gritzan et al., 2002)

embryo | dorsal closure stage (with kay¹)

(Gritzan et al., 2002)

embryonic/larval plasmatocyte | decreased number | embryonic stage

(Belyaeva et al., 2022)

embryonic dorsal epidermis

(Chen et al., 2002, Ciapponi and Bohmann, 2002, Gritzan et al., 2002)

embryonic dorsal epidermis (with kay¹)

(Ciapponi and Bohmann, 2002, Gritzan et al., 2002)

embryonic epidermis | dorsal

(McEwen et al., 2000, Riesgo-Escovar and Hafen, 1997)

embryonic ventral epidermis

(Giesen et al., 2003)

germ band

(Belyaeva et al., 2022)

imaginal disc

(Riesgo-Escovar and Hafen, 1997)

larval RP2 motor neuron

(Hartwig et al., 2008)

mesothoracic cleft (with kay¹)

(Ramet et al., 2002)

nurse cell & nucleus | somatic clone

(Dequier et al., 2001)

oocyte | oogenesis stage S14 | somatic clone

(Dequier et al., 2001)

pupal thorax

(Zeitlinger and Bohmann, 1999)

salivary gland

(Lehmann et al., 2002)

wing

(Riesgo-Escovar and Hafen, 1997)

Detailed Description

Statement

Reference

Mutants show a significant decrease in RP2 dendrite volume compared to controls.

(Hartwig et al., 2008)

Mutant embryos have a dorsal closure phenotype.

(Giesen et al., 2003)

Homozygous embryos show a weak dorsal-open phenotype.

(Chen et al., 2002)

kay¹/kay² embryos have a dorsal open phenotype. Homozygous escapers have a marked cleft along the dorsal midline of the thorax. kay¹/kay² adults rescued by the expression of kay^hs.PZ have a marked cleft along the dorsal midline of the thorax.

(Ciapponi and Bohmann, 2002)

Homozygous embryos have a small dorsal anterior hole. kay¹/kay² embryos have dorsal holes in the cuticle.

(Gritzan et al., 2002)

23% of kay² mutant pupae at 16 hours after puparium formation and 5% of pupae at 17-20 hours after puparium formation have persistent salivary glands.

(Lehmann et al., 2002)

kay¹/kay² animals show a lethality and a thoracic cleft phenotype.

(Ramet et al., 2002)

Eggs derived from mosaic egg chambers in which the follicular epithelium is composed of homozygous kay² cells consistently show two phenotypes; the eggs and their respiratory appendages are shorter than normal. In addition, two appendages of different lengths or "paddleless" appendages are often seen. Eggs which appear deflated are laid at a low frequency. The disappearance of nurse cell nuclei that normally occurs in stage 14 egg chambers is delayed in egg chambers in which the follicular epithelium is composed of homozygous kay² cells, with many of the early stage 14 egg chambers containing as many as 15 remaining nurse cell nuclei.

(Dequier et al., 2001)

Mutant embryos show a dorsal closure defect.

(McEwen et al., 2000)

Thorax closure defects are seen in homozygotes at 6 hours after pupariation; the thoracic epithelium has not moved over the trachea and the three oblique muscles. At later stages, more severe defects are seen; the epithelium has retracted and fallen back into a folded state similar to that in third instar larvae. Homozygous adults have a cleft in the thorax at the dorsal midline, which causes a gap in the bristle pattern.

(Zeitlinger and Bohmann, 1999)

Homozygous embryos exhibit a partial dorsal-open phenotype.In a In(1)z^ae(bx) mutant background a fraction of kay²/Df(3R)01215 embryos die with mild dorsal-open phenotype (transvection is suppressed). kay¹/kay² transheterozygous embryos exhibit partially missing dorsal cuticle and the embryo is open dorsally.

(Riesgo-Escovar and Hafen, 1997)

50% of homozygotes die as embryos at 25^oC, and 10% die as embryos at 18^oC. Embryos may have dorsal holes. Approximately 1% of homozygotes can develop to adulthood, depending on the temperature and genetic background. These escapers occasionally have a cleft along the dorsal midline of the thorax. kay¹/kay² transheterozygotes are fully lethal as embryos at 25^oC and 35% die as embryos at 18^oC. The remaining 65% die as first instar larvae at 18^oC. The lethality of kay¹/kay² transheterozygotes is rescued to adulthood by kay^αTub84B.PZ. These adults have a cleft along the dorsal midline of the thorax. The lethality of kay¹/kay² transheterozygotes is also rescued to adulthood by kay^hs.PZ. Some of these adults have a cleft along the dorsal midline of the thorax, and some appear wild-type.

(Zeitlinger et al., 1997)

External Data

Linkouts

Interactions

Show genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors

Phenotypic Class

Suppressed by

Statement

Reference

kay² has decreased cell number | embryonic stage phenotype, suppressible by dia^{ΔDad.UASp.EGFP}/Scer\GAL4^srp.Hemo

(Belyaeva et al., 2022)

kay¹/kay² has lethal phenotype, suppressible by Jra::kay^FJF.hs.sev

(Ciapponi and Bohmann, 2002)

kay² has lethal | recessive phenotype, suppressible by svp¹

(Gritzan et al., 2002)

kay¹/kay² has lethal phenotype, suppressible | partially by puc^E69

(Ramet et al., 2002)

kay¹/kay² has lethal phenotype, suppressible by puc^E69/puc[+]

(Zeitlinger and Bohmann, 1999)

Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

kay[+]/kay² is an enhancer of visible | adult stage phenotype of Mnat9^{UAS.ORF.GW.Tag:HA}, Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

(Mok and Choi, 2021)

Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

Scer\GAL4^hs.2sev/kay² is a suppressor of abnormal planar polarity phenotype of Scer\GAL4^hs.2sev, fz^UAS.cAa

(Ciapponi et al., 2001)

kay² is a suppressor of visible | dominant phenotype of Egfr^E3

(Ciapponi et al., 2001)

NOT Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

kay^hs.PZ/kay² is a non-suppressor of visible | dominant phenotype of Egfr^E3

(Ciapponi et al., 2001)

Other

Statement

Reference

aop[+]/aop^e2d, kay² has abnormal planar polarity | somatic clone phenotype

(Weber et al., 2008)

kay¹/kay², puc^E69 has viable phenotype

(Zeitlinger and Bohmann, 1999)

Phenotype Manifest In

Enhanced by

Statement

Reference

kay² has embryonic dorsal epidermis phenotype, enhanceable by Cka⁰⁵⁸³⁶/Cka[+]

(Chen et al., 2002)

kay² has embryonic epidermis | dorsal phenotype, enhanceable by Jra^IA109

(Riesgo-Escovar and Hafen, 1997)

kay² has embryonic epidermis | dorsal phenotype, enhanceable by bsk¹

(Riesgo-Escovar and Hafen, 1997)

NOT Enhanced by

Statement

Reference

kay¹/kay² has embryo | dorsal closure stage phenotype, non-enhanceable by eg^18B

(Gritzan et al., 2002)

kay¹/kay² has embryo | dorsal closure stage phenotype, non-enhanceable by kni²

(Gritzan et al., 2002)

Suppressed by

Statement

Reference

kay² has embryonic/larval plasmatocyte | embryonic stage | decreased number phenotype, suppressible by dia^{ΔDad.UASp.EGFP}/Scer\GAL4^srp.Hemo

(Belyaeva et al., 2022)

kay² has germ band phenotype, suppressible by dia^{ΔDad.UASp.EGFP}/Scer\GAL4^srp.Hemo

(Belyaeva et al., 2022)

kay¹/kay² has embryonic dorsal epidermis phenotype, suppressible | partially by Jra::kay^FJF.hs.sev

(Ciapponi and Bohmann, 2002)

kay¹/kay² has embryo | dorsal closure stage phenotype, suppressible by svp¹

(Gritzan et al., 2002)

kay¹/kay² has mesothoracic cleft phenotype, suppressible | partially by puc^E69

(Ramet et al., 2002)

kay² has adult thorax | dorsal phenotype, suppressible by puc^E69

(Zeitlinger and Bohmann, 1999)

NOT suppressed by

Statement

Reference

kay¹/kay² has embryo | dorsal closure stage phenotype, non-suppressible by eg^18B

(Gritzan et al., 2002)

kay¹/kay² has embryo | dorsal closure stage phenotype, non-suppressible by kni²

(Gritzan et al., 2002)

kay² has embryonic epidermis | dorsal phenotype, non-suppressible by arm^{S10.UAS.Tag:MYC}/Scer\GAL4^VP16.arm

(McEwen et al., 2000)

Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

kay[+]/kay² is an enhancer of adult thorax phenotype of Mnat9^{UAS.ORF.GW.Tag:HA}, Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

(Mok and Choi, 2021)

kay[+]/kay² is an enhancer of adult thorax | pharate adult stage phenotype of chm¹⁴

(Miotto et al., 2006)

Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

kay² is a suppressor of wing vein | ectopic phenotype of Scer\GAL4^32B, rl^Sem.C.UAS

(Gritzan et al., 2002)

Scer\GAL4^hs.2sev/kay² is a suppressor of ommatidium phenotype of Scer\GAL4^hs.2sev, fz^UAS.cAa

(Ciapponi et al., 2001)

kay² is a suppressor of eye phenotype of Egfr^E3

(Ciapponi et al., 2001)

kay² is a suppressor of wing | ectopic phenotype of Egfr^E3

(Ciapponi et al., 2001)

kay² is a suppressor of wing vein | ectopic phenotype of rl^Sem

(Ciapponi et al., 2001)

kay² is a suppressor of ommatidium phenotype of sev^S11.Tag:MYC

(Ciapponi et al., 2001)

kay² is a suppressor of photoreceptor cell R7 | ectopic phenotype of sev^S11.Tag:MYC

(Ciapponi et al., 2001)

NOT Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

kay^hs.PZ/kay² is a non-suppressor of eye phenotype of Egfr^E3

(Ciapponi et al., 2001)

kay^hs.PZ/kay² is a non-suppressor of wing | ectopic phenotype of Egfr^E3

(Ciapponi et al., 2001)

kay^hs.PZ/kay² is a non-suppressor of wing vein | ectopic phenotype of rl^Sem

(Ciapponi et al., 2001)

kay^hs.PZ/kay² is a non-suppressor of ommatidium phenotype of sev^S11.Tag:MYC

(Ciapponi et al., 2001)

kay^hs.PZ/kay² is a non-suppressor of photoreceptor cell R7 | ectopic phenotype of sev^S11.Tag:MYC

(Ciapponi et al., 2001)

Other

Statement

Reference

aop[+]/aop^e2d, kay² has ommatidium | somatic clone phenotype

(Weber et al., 2008)

aop[+]/aop^e2d, kay² has eye photoreceptor cell | somatic clone phenotype

(Weber et al., 2008)

Jra::kay^FJF.hs.sev, kay¹/kay² has adult thorax | dorsal phenotype

(Ciapponi and Bohmann, 2002)

bsk¹, kay² has follicle cell phenotype

(Dequier et al., 2001)

bsk¹, kay² has oocyte | oogenesis stage S9 phenotype

(Dequier et al., 2001)

bsk¹/bsk[+], kay² has follicle cell phenotype

(Dequier et al., 2001)

bsk¹/bsk[+], kay² has oocyte | oogenesis stage S9 phenotype

(Dequier et al., 2001)

kay¹/kay², puc^E69 has adult thorax | dorsal phenotype

(Zeitlinger and Bohmann, 1999)

Additional Comments

Genetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

Homozygous kay² clones in the eye in a aop^e2d/+ background show ommatidial chirality, rotation and photoreceptor number defects (kay² single mutant clones do not show tissue polarity defects by themselves).

(Weber et al., 2008)

The severity of the thoracic cleft seen in chm¹⁴ pharate adults is enhanced by heterozygosity for kay².

(Miotto et al., 2006)

The weak dorsal-open phenotype seen in homozygous kay² embryos is enhanced by Cka⁰⁵⁸³⁶/+.

(Chen et al., 2002)

The dorsal open phenotype of kay¹/kay² homozygous embryos is at least partially rescued by Jra::kay^FJF.hs.sev. kay¹/kay² adults rescued by the expression of Jra::kay^FJF.hs.sev have a marked cleft along the dorsal midline of the thorax.

(Ciapponi and Bohmann, 2002)

kay²/kay² svp¹ flies are viable, and sometimes have mild thorax closure defects.

(Gritzan et al., 2002)

The addition of puc^E69 partially rescues the lethality and thoracic cleft phenotypes. These animals, do not recover when wounded. The epithelial cells at the edge of the wound also fail to undergo any evident cell shape change or show any cytoplasmic protusive extrusions. even after 18 hours after injury, the wound is not repaired.

(Ramet et al., 2002)

Mosaic egg chambers in which the follicle cells are homozygous for kay² in a bsk¹/+ background degenerate during stage 9 and show a complete failure of posteriorwards migration of the main body follicle cells (migration of the border cells appears unaffected).

(Dequier et al., 2001)

The kay² thoracic cleft phenotype is rescued by one copy of puc^E69. The lethality of the kay¹/kay² combination is rescued by one copy of puc^E69; the rescued flies have a thoracic cleft phenotype ranging from strong to very mild.

(Zeitlinger and Bohmann, 1999)

Xenogenetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

Complementation and Rescue Data

Rescued by

kay² is rescued by Scer\GAL4^srp.Hemo/kay^UAS.cEa

(Belyaeva et al., 2022)

kay¹/kay² is rescued by kay^hs.PZ

(Ciapponi and Bohmann, 2002)

kay¹/kay² is rescued by kay^hs.PZ

(Zeitlinger et al., 1997)

kay¹/kay² is rescued by kay^αTub84B.PZ

(Zeitlinger et al., 1997)

Partially rescued by

kay¹/kay² is partially rescued by Scer\GAL4^69B/kay^UAS.cEa

(Riesgo-Escovar and Hafen, 1997)

Not rescued by

kay¹/kay² is not rescued by Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237/kay^UAS.cEa

(Riesgo-Escovar and Hafen, 1997)

Comments

Embryonic phenotype is rescued by Scer\GAL4^69B-mediated expression of kay^Scer\UAS.cEa. Mutants are rescued to pharate adults, they exhibit a split thorax and frequently lack one wing. Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237-mediated expression of kay^Scer\UAS.cEa in kay¹/kay² transheterozygous embryos fails to rescue the dorsal open phenotype.

(Riesgo-Escovar and Hafen, 1997)

Images (0)

Mutant

Wild-type

Stocks (1)

Bloomington

42217

P{neoFRT}82B kay² ca¹/TM6B, Tb¹ ca¹

Notes on Origin

Discoverer

Comments

Allelic series according to phenotypic strength: kay¹ > kay^ED6315 > kay^P54 > kay^EY01644 > kay².

(Weber et al., 2008)

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 0 )

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (5)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

Dfos²

(Belyaeva et al., 2022)

Kay mutant

(Mahata et al., 2025)

fos²

(Mitchell et al., 2024)

kay²

(Mitchell et al., 2024, Mok and Choi, 2021, Peng et al., 2019, Voelzmann et al., 2016, Hartwig et al., 2008, Weber et al., 2008, Lehmann et al., 2002)

kay^9B

(Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)

Name Synonyms

Secondary FlyBase IDs

References (24)

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