FlyBase Allele Report: Dmel\pk[1]

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\pk¹

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

FlyBase ID

FBal0013838

Feature type

allele

Associated gene

Dmel\pk

Associated Insertion(s)

Tirant{}pk¹

Carried in Construct

Also Known As

pk^pk1, pk^pk

Key Links

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Allele class

loss of function allele

hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence

Mutagen

spontaneous

Nature of the Allele

Allele class

hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence

(Jenny et al., 2005)

loss of function allele

(Wong and Adler, 1993)

Mutagen

spontaneous

(Gubb et al., 1999)

Progenitor genotype

Associated Insertion(s)

Tirant{}pk¹

Cytology

Description

Amino acid replacement: P38T.

(Lilienthal et al., 2022)

Nucleotide substitution: C902A.

(Lilienthal et al., 2022)

Amino acid replacement: S634P.

(Lilienthal et al., 2022)

Nucleotide substitution: T2690C.

(Lilienthal et al., 2022)

Tirant insertion in the 5'UTR, along with two missense mutations (P38T and S634P).

(Lilienthal et al., 2022)

Lesion present between 0 and 2.2kb downstream of zero (zero being 973bp proximal to the pk transcription start site.).

(Gubb et al., 1999)

Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Curation Data

Type

Location

Additional Notes

References

point_mutation

2R:7,209,053..7,209,053 [+]

Nucleotide change:

C7209053A

Amino acid change:

P38T | pk-PA; P104T | pk-PB; P374T | pk-PC

Reported amino acid change:

P38T

Comment:

P38T mutation relative to pk-PA. One of two amino acid changes in mutant. There is also a Tirant insertion in the 5' UTR.

(Lilienthal et al., 2022)

point_mutation

2R:7,221,827..7,221,827 [+]

Nucleotide change:

T7221827C

Amino acid change:

S634P | pk-PA; S700P | pk-PB; S970P | pk-PC

Reported amino acid change:

S634P

Comment:

S634P mutation relative to pk-PA. One of two amino acid changes in mutant. There is also a Tirant insertion in the 5' UTR.

(Lilienthal et al., 2022)

transposable_element_insertion_site

2R:7,150,716..7,150,716 [+]

(Lilienthal et al., 2022)

Variant Molecular Consequences

Associated Sequence Data

DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank

DNA sequence

Protein sequence

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Expression Data

Reporter Expression

Additional Information

Statement

Reference

Marker for

Reflects expression of

Reporter construct used in assay

Human Disease Associations

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease

Interaction

References

Comments on Models/Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease-implicated variant(s)

Phenotypic Data

Phenotypic Class

Phenotype Manifest In

larval segmental nerve | third instar larval stage

(Ehaideb et al., 2014)

medulla | P-stage

(Han et al., 2020)

scutum

(Gubb et al., 1999)

trichome & adult abdomen | somatic clone | cell autonomous

(Lawrence et al., 2004)

triple row of wing sensilla

(Gubb et al., 1999)

vesicle | third instar larval stage

(Ehaideb et al., 2014)

wing

(Gubb et al., 1999)

wing | cell autonomous | somatic clone

(Adler et al., 2000)

wing | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone

(Adler et al., 2000)

wing cell | P-stage

(Classen et al., 2005)

wing hair

(Gubb et al., 1999, Taylor et al., 1998, Wong and Adler, 1993)

wing hair | somatic clone

(Gubb et al., 1999)

Detailed Description

Statement

Reference

In pk¹ testes the number of normal individualization complexes (ICs), abnormal ICs and waste bags is similar to controls.

(Steinhauer et al., 2019)

pk¹/+ flies do not exhibit significantly increased bang sensitivity, nor a significant difference in threshold required to trigger seizure discharges or spiking activity in an electroconvulsive stimulation paradigm, as compared to wild type. pk¹/+ larvae display defective vesicle transport in segmental nerves, with significant decreases in both anterograde and retrograde vesicle velocities and an increase in vesicle pause duration, as compared to controls.

pk¹/pk¹ mutants exhibit significantly reduced viability, as compared to wild type.

(Ehaideb et al., 2014)

The hexagonal packing of intervein cells, which usually occurs between wing development stage P2B (when the first morphological signs of veins appear (FBrf0005070), and the middle of P2C (before hair formation (FBrf0005070)) is disrupted in pk¹/pk¹ flies.

(Classen et al., 2005)

pk¹ somatic clones in the adult abdomen have disturbed polarity - usually a 'whorl' of hairs. This effect is cell autonomous.

(Lawrence et al., 2004)

Mutants show no significant disruption of ovarian morphology.

(Cohen et al., 2002)

85% of homozygous somatic clones in the wing exhibit cell autonomy, though about 15% display a clear domineering non-autonomy. This is not restricted to large or early induced clones. The clones show the same polarity as cells in equivalent positions in entirely mutant pk¹ wings.

(Adler et al., 2000)

Causes no embryonic phenotype even when homozygous mutant embryos develop from homozygous mutant mothers. Causes an extreme polarity phenotype in the wing and notum. The triple row bristles are reversed along the anterior margin and a whorl in the wing hairs is seen near the tip of vein 2. Shows a low penetrance doubled hair phenotype. Eyes are wild-type. Tarsi are wild-type. Denticle belt morphology and denticle orientation remains wild-type. Within pk¹ somatic clones in the wing the mutant polarity pattern is generally cell autonomous, with only occasional short range non-autonomous disruption of polarity in wild-type cells adjacent to the proximal and lateral margins of a clone. There is no clear pattern to the position of such clones, but small peninsulas of wild-type tissue surrounded by pk¹ tissue tend to adopt the mutant polarity pattern. Smaller clones, induced later than 72-96 hr, do not alter the polarity of adjacent tissue. Wild-type hairs are oriented towards the clone as though it is acting as a polarity 'sink'.

(Gubb et al., 1999)

Homozygotes in combination with P{hsfzI} heat shocked to induce a strong hsfz-late phenotype fail to suppress the multiple hair cell (MHC) phenotype.

(Krasnow et al., 1995)

Most wing cells of homozygous flies form a single hair. Homozygous flies have disruptions in the pattern of wing hair polarity. The prehair initiation site is moved to near the cell centre in pupal wing cells. Double mutants of pk¹ with in¹, fy² or mwh¹ resemble in¹, fy² or mwh¹ single mutants respectively.

(Wong and Adler, 1993)

External Data

Linkouts

Interactions

Show genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors

Phenotypic Class

Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

pk¹ is an enhancer of abnormal planar polarity phenotype of Vang^sev.PR

(Rawls and Wolff, 2003)

pk¹ is an enhancer of abnormal planar polarity phenotype of Vang^stbm-153

(Rawls and Wolff, 2003)

Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

pk[+]/pk¹ is a suppressor of abnormal planar polarity phenotype of dsh¹

(Jenny et al., 2005)

Other

Statement

Reference

fz²³, pk¹ has abnormal planar polarity | somatic clone | cell non-autonomous phenotype

(Adler et al., 2000)

Phenotype Manifest In

NOT Enhanced by

Statement

Reference

pk¹ has phenotype, non-enhanceable by Gli^dv5

(Venema et al., 2004)

NOT suppressed by

Statement

Reference

pk¹ has phenotype, non-suppressible by Gli^dv5

(Venema et al., 2004)

Enhancer of

Statement

Reference

pk[+]/pk¹ is an enhancer of wing cell | adult stage | heat sensitive phenotype of shi¹

(Classen et al., 2005)

pk¹ is an enhancer of ommatidium phenotype of Vang^sev.PR

(Rawls and Wolff, 2003)

pk¹ is an enhancer of ommatidium phenotype of Vang^stbm-153

(Rawls and Wolff, 2003)

pk¹ is an enhancer of wing hair & 1st posterior cell phenotype of in^II53

(Lee and Adler, 2002)

Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

pk[+]/pk¹ is a suppressor of ommatidium phenotype of dsh¹

(Jenny et al., 2005)

pk¹ is a suppressor of phenotype of Vang^14-11

(Taylor et al., 1998)

pk¹ is a suppressor of phenotype of Vang^11-3

(Taylor et al., 1998)

pk¹ is a suppressor of phenotype of Vang^A3

(Taylor et al., 1998)

pk¹ is a suppressor of wing hair phenotype of Vang^Tbs42

(Taylor et al., 1998)

Other

Statement

Reference

fz²³, pk¹ has wing | somatic clone | cell non-autonomous phenotype

(Adler et al., 2000)

Additional Comments

Genetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

The formation of holes in wings due to temperature shift of shi¹/shi¹ animals during pupal stages is moderately enhanced by pk¹/+.

(Classen et al., 2005)

The planar cell polarity phenotype seen in the eyes of dsh¹/Y flies is partially suppressed by pk¹/+.

(Jenny et al., 2005)

Gli^dv5/Gli^dv5, pk¹/pk¹ animals exhibit an additive wing hair phenotype.

(Venema et al., 2004)

fz²³ homozygous clones in pk¹ wings, exhibit domineering cell non-autonomy where the direction of the non-autonomy is no longer distal. For these clones the domineering cell autonomy is in the same direction as local hair polarity.

(Adler et al., 2000)

Vang is epistatic to pk; double mutants of Vang^Tbs42, Vang^A3 or Vang^A5 with pk¹ show a fz-in group phenotype, possible less severe than for the Vang single mutant. Dominantly suppresses the wing basal cell 1 swirl phenotype of Vang alleles. Vang^Tbs42, pk¹ double mutants show an increase in multiple wing hair cells over either single mutant.

(Taylor et al., 1998)

Xenogenetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

Complementation and Rescue Data

Rescued by

pk¹ is rescued by pk^{Act5C.pk.EGFP}

(Strutt et al., 2013)

Not rescued by

pk¹ is not rescued by pk^{ΔCaaX.Act5C.pk.EGFP}

(Strutt et al., 2013)

Comments

pk¹/pk^sple-1 flies do not exhibit significantly increased bang sensitivity, nor a significant difference in threshold required to trigger seizure discharges or spiking activity in an electroconvulsive stimulation paradigm, as compared to wild type.

(Ehaideb et al., 2014)

Expression of pk^{Act5C.pk.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} fully rescues the wing planar polarity phenotype seen in pk¹ mutant wings.

Expression of pk^{ΔCaaX.Act5C.pk.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP} fails to rescue the wing planar polarity phenotype seen in pk¹ mutant wings.

(Strutt et al., 2013)

Images (1)

Holtzman, S. and Kaufman, T. (2013)

Mutant

Wild-type

Stocks (18)

Bloomington

367

pk¹ cn¹

6088

Df(2L)TE35BC-4, Adc^b-1 pr¹ pk¹ cn¹/CyO

3588

Df(2L)TE35BC-24, Adc^b-1 pr¹ pk¹ cn¹ speck¹/CyO

6244

Df(2L)TE35BC-34, Adc^b-1 pr¹ pk¹ cn¹ speck¹/CyO

6241

w¹; Df(2L)TE35BC-7, Adc^b-1 pr¹ pk¹ cn¹ speck¹/CyO

6240

w¹; Df(2L)TE35BC-35, Adc^b-1 pr¹ pk¹ cn¹ speck¹/CyO

Kyoto

105875

pk¹ cn¹

101426

Df(2L)b84a7, pr¹ pk¹ cn¹ speck¹ / CyO

108602

Df(2L)TE35BC-4, Adc^b-1 pr¹ pk¹ cn¹/CyO

107112

Df(2L)TE35BC-24, Adc^b-1 pr¹ pk¹ cn¹ speck¹/CyO

108699

Df(2L)TE35BC-34, Adc^b-1 pr¹ pk¹ cn¹ speck¹/CyO

108696

w¹; Df(2L)TE35BC-7, Adc^b-1 pr¹ pk¹ cn¹ speck¹/CyO

More stocks available...

Notes on Origin

Discoverer

Ives, Nov. 1938.

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 0 )

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (3)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

pk¹

(Chen et al., 2023, Han et al., 2020, Steinhauer et al., 2019, Ikawa and Sugimura, 2018, Merkel et al., 2014, Kuroda et al., 2012, Mrkusich et al., 2011, Shimizu et al., 2011, Classen et al., 2005, Lawrence et al., 2004)

pk^pk1

(Wu et al., 2025, Lilienthal et al., 2022, Collu et al., 2018, Ehaideb et al., 2014, Strutt et al., 2013, Jenny et al., 2005, Jenny et al., 2003, Rawls and Wolff, 2003, Gubb et al., 1999)

pk^pk

(Ehaideb et al., 2014, Strutt et al., 2013)

Name Synonyms

Secondary FlyBase IDs

References (31)

Report Sections

Open Close