FlyBase Allele Report: Dmel\Dark[82]

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\Dark⁸²

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

FlyBase ID

FBal0193513

Feature type

allele

Associated gene

Dmel\Dark

Associated Insertion(s)

Carried in Construct

Also Known As

ark⁸²

Key Links

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Allele class

loss of function allele

Mutagen

Nature of the Allele

Allele class

loss of function allele

(Akdemir et al., 2006)

Mutagen

Progenitor genotype

Dark^CD4

(Akdemir et al., 2006)

Cytology

Description

Remoblisation of P{lacW}Ark^CD4 generates a 6.324kb deletion of Ark, spanning the entire open-reading frame and nearly the entire transcription unit (from -1277bp upstream of the translation start codon to 19bp downstream of the stop codon). 396bp of the P{lacW}Ark^CD4 transposon remains in the mutant.

(Akdemir et al., 2006)

Mutations Mapped to the Genome

Curation Data

Type

Location

Additional Notes

References

delins

2R:17,020,124..17,026,447 [+]

Comment:

Reported as a 6324bp deletion resulting from the imprecise excision of P{lacW}Dark^CD4. The deletion removes sequences from 1277bp upstream of the Dark translation start to 19bp downstream of the Dark translation stop. 396bp of the transposon remain at the junction.

(Akdemir et al., 2006)

Variant Molecular Consequences

Associated Sequence Data

DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank

DNA sequence

Protein sequence

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Expression Data

Reporter Expression

Additional Information

Statement

Reference

Marker for

Reflects expression of

Reporter construct used in assay

Human Disease Associations

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )

Disease

Interaction

References

ameliorates retinitis pigmentosa

modeled by ninaE^P37H, ninaE¹⁷

(Griciuc et al., 2014)

Comments on Models/Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease-implicated variant(s)

Phenotypic Data

Phenotypic Class

Phenotype Manifest In

Detailed Description

Statement

Reference

Dark⁸²/Dark^P46 transheterozygotes do not exhibit a significant proportion of hyperplastic testes, as compared to controls.

(Napoletano et al., 2017)

Wing disc of Dark⁸² homozygous third instar larvae are significantly bigger compared to controls.

(Waldron et al., 2015)

Surviving EW3-sib cells are seen in Ark^CD4/Ark⁸² larvae (these cells die during embryogenesis in wild type) and the average number of surviving cells is increased if the female parent is homozygous for Ark^CD4.

(Lee et al., 2013)

The programmed cell death of bursCCAP neurons seen in the adult ventral nerve cord of wild type flies after eclosion is partially suppressed in Ark^CD4/Ark⁸² mutants. On average 3.9 bursCCAP neurons are seen at 3-5 days.

(Lee et al., 2013)

Ark^N28/Ark⁸² mutant males exhibit a marked increase in spermatogonial cyst death compared to controls.

Ark^P46/Ark⁸² mutant males exhibit a marked increase in spermatogonial cyst death compared to controls.

(Yacobi-Sharon et al., 2013)

Wings mosaic for Ark⁸² are indistinguishable from wild-type at eclosion, but within 4 days develop wing blemishes. These late-onset blemishes become markedly more severe as the animals age.

(Link et al., 2007)

Flies homozygous for Ark⁸² arrest as late pupae and often present a characteristic dark blister located centrally along the midline.

Normal patterns of programmed cell death are observed in embryos that retain zygotic, but lack maternal Ark⁸² (using the Dominant Female Sterile technique). By contrast, embryos devoid of both maternal and zygotic Ark⁸² are almost entirely cell death defective, with rare cell deaths noticeable in later-staged animals. Embryos lacking maternal and zygotic Ark⁸² fail to hatch and are also defective for head involution. At the same time, gastrulation, segmental patterning and extension of the germ band appear grossly normal in the absence of Ark⁸².

Ark⁸² salivary glands are defective for histolysis. Caspase activity is starkly reduced in Ark⁸² salivary glands, while Ecdysone signaling and expression of death-related genes are unperturbed.

Ark⁸² salivary glands appear healthy 14 hours after puparium formation, compared to wild-type salivary glands, which exhibit extensive cell death. Comparably aged Ark⁸² glands show no signs of vesicular saturation. Similarly, pre-histolytic changes that otherwise occur in the nucleus are not seen, and instead, features characteristic of earlier-staged nuclei are retained. Like wild-type counterparts, however, numerous autolysosomes are evident in Ark⁸², indicating that Ark function is not required for autophagy per se.

(Akdemir et al., 2006)

External Data

Linkouts

Interactions

Show genetic interaction network for Enhancers & Suppressors

Phenotypic Class

Suppressed by

Statement

Reference

Dark⁸² has abnormal size | third instar larval stage phenotype, suppressible by pcm¹⁴/pcm¹⁴

(Waldron et al., 2015)

Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

Ark[+]/Dark⁸² is a suppressor of abnormal neurophysiology phenotype of ninaE¹⁷, ninaE^P37H

(Griciuc et al., 2014)

Ark[+]/Dark⁸² is a suppressor of abnormal neuroanatomy phenotype of ninaE¹⁷, ninaE^P37H

(Griciuc et al., 2014)

NOT Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

Dark⁸² is a non-suppressor of abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage phenotype of fzy¹/fzy⁵⁰³²

(Kuang et al., 2014)

Dark⁸² is a non-suppressor of decreased cell number | larval stage phenotype of fzy¹/fzy⁵⁰³²

(Kuang et al., 2014)

Other

Statement

Reference

Dark⁸², GstE14^E.4.1 has visible | adult stage | somatic clone - tissue specific phenotype

(Thomson et al., 2024)

Dark⁸², GstE14^E.4.1 has increased size | adult stage | somatic clone - tissue specific phenotype

(Thomson et al., 2024)

Dark⁸², GstE14^E.4.1 has melanotic necrosis | adult stage | somatic clone - tissue specific phenotype

(Thomson et al., 2024)

Dark⁸², cliff^B.4.1 has visible | adult stage | somatic clone - tissue specific phenotype

(Nowaskie et al., 2023)

Dark⁸², ptc^B.2.13 has lethal | somatic clone | pupal stage phenotype

(Kagey et al., 2012)

Dark⁸², ptc^B.2.13 has increased occurrence of cell division | somatic clone | cell non-autonomous | third instar larval stage phenotype

(Kagey et al., 2012)

Dark⁸², ptc^B.2.13 has increased occurrence of cell division | somatic clone | cell autonomous | third instar larval stage phenotype

(Kagey et al., 2012)

Phenotype Manifest In

Suppressed by

Statement

Reference

Dark⁸² has wing disc | third instar larval stage phenotype, suppressible by pcm¹⁴/pcm¹⁴

(Waldron et al., 2015)

Dark⁸², ptc^B.2.13 has wing disc | somatic clone phenotype, suppressible by +/Df(3L)mir-ban^Δ1

(Kagey et al., 2012)

Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

Dark⁸²/Dark⁸² is a suppressor | partially of wing disc | third instar larval stage phenotype of pcm¹⁴

(Waldron et al., 2015)

Ark[+]/Dark⁸² is a suppressor of rhabdomere of eye photoreceptor cell phenotype of ninaE¹⁷, ninaE^P37H

(Griciuc et al., 2014)

NOT Suppressor of

Statement

Reference

Dark⁸² is a non-suppressor of neuroblast | larval stage phenotype of fzy¹/fzy⁵⁰³²

(Kuang et al., 2014)

Other

Statement

Reference

Dark⁸², GstE14^E.4.1 has antenna | somatic clone - tissue specific phenotype

(Thomson et al., 2024)

Dark⁸², GstE14^E.4.1 has eye | somatic clone - tissue specific phenotype

(Thomson et al., 2024)

Dark⁸², cliff^B.4.1 has eye | somatic clone - tissue specific phenotype

(Nowaskie et al., 2023)

Dark⁸², ptc^B.2.13 has wing disc | somatic clone phenotype

(Kagey et al., 2012)

Additional Comments

Genetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

The reduced size of the third larval instar imaginal wing disc characteristic for pcm¹⁴ homozygotes is strongly rescued by combination with homozygous Dark⁸². The resulting disc size is intermediate between that of pcm¹⁴/pcm¹⁴ and Dark⁸²/Dark⁸² (which on its own gives rise to wing disc bigger than wild-type) and smaller than wild-type.

(Waldron et al., 2015)

Retinal degeneration and light-response defects are strongly suppressed in ninaE^P37H, ninaE¹⁷, Ark⁸²/+ flies.

(Griciuc et al., 2014)

Ark⁸² does not suppress the neuroblast loss seen in fzy⁵⁰³²/fzy¹ mutant larval brains.

(Kuang et al., 2014)

When Ark⁸² ptc^B.2.13 double mutant clones are induced in the eye disc using the eyFLP system, the resulting adult eyes show strong overgrowth of wild-type tissue relative to mutant tissue.

Ark⁸² ptc^B.2.13 double mutant clones induced in the larval wing disc result in dramatically enlarged third larval instar wing discs (due to enlargement of the anterior domain) and pupal lethality. If the wing disc is made entirely mutant for Ark⁸² ptc^B.2.13 (by using a cell-lethal Minute allele to eliminate the tissue that is not doubly mutant for Ark⁸² ptc^B.2.13) the wing disc size is reduced compared to Ark⁸² ptc^B.2.13 mosaic wing discs.

Ark⁸² ptc^B.2.13 mosaic wing discs show elevated increased cell proliferation in both mutant cells and adjacent wild-type cells compared to wild-type controls.

The wing disc overgrowth phenotype caused by Ark⁸² ptc^B.2.13 double mutant clones is suppressed by Df(3L)ban^Δ1/+.

(Kagey et al., 2012)

Xenogenetic Interactions

Statement

Reference

Complementation and Rescue Data

Fails to complement

Dark^CD4

(Akdemir et al., 2006)

Rescued by

Dark⁸² is rescued by Scer\GAL4^Tub.PU/Dark^{UAS.Tag:polyHis,Tag:MYC}

(Akdemir et al., 2006)

Dark⁸² is rescued by Scer\GAL4^da.G32/Dark^{UAS.Tag:polyHis,Tag:MYC}

(Akdemir et al., 2006)

Dark⁸² is rescued by Scer\GAL4^Hml.PG/Dark^{UAS.Tag:polyHis,Tag:MYC}

(Akdemir et al., 2006)

Dark⁸² is rescued by Dark^{D1292A.UAS.Tag:polyHis,Tag:MYC}/Scer\GAL4^Tub.PU

(Akdemir et al., 2006)

Dark⁸² is rescued by Dark^{D1292A.UAS.Tag:polyHis,Tag:MYC}/Scer\GAL4^da.G32

(Akdemir et al., 2006)

Dark⁸² is rescued by Scer\GAL4^Hml.PG/Dark^{D1292A.UAS.Tag:polyHis,Tag:MYC}

(Akdemir et al., 2006)

Partially rescued by

Dark⁸² is partially rescued by Scer\GAL4^c81/Dark^{UAS.Tag:polyHis,Tag:MYC}

(Akdemir et al., 2006)

Dark⁸² is partially rescued by Dark^{D1292A.UAS.Tag:polyHis,Tag:MYC}/Scer\GAL4^C833

(Akdemir et al., 2006)

Dark⁸² is partially rescued by Dark^{D1292A.UAS.Tag:polyHis,Tag:MYC}

(Akdemir et al., 2006)

Not rescued by

Dark⁸² is not rescued by Scer\GAL4^C833/Dark^{UAS.Tag:polyHis,Tag:MYC}

(Akdemir et al., 2006)

Dark⁸² is not rescued by Scer\GAL4^c81/Dark^{D1292A.UAS.Tag:polyHis,Tag:MYC}

(Akdemir et al., 2006)

Comments

Male and female Ark⁸² adults rescued through expression of Ark^{Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\His6,T:Hsap\MYC} under the control of Scer\GAL4^c81 are sterile.

Adult Ark⁸² flies rescued to viability by expression of Ark^{B1292A.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\His6,T:Hsap\MYC} under the control of Scer\GAL4^unspecified display split thorax phenotypes and bristle abnormalities in the notum.

Surprisingly, in the absence of any Scer\GAL4 driver, `leaky' expression of Ark^{B1292A.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\His6,T:Hsap\MYC} partially rescues Ark⁸² lethality.

(Akdemir et al., 2006)

Images (0)

Mutant

Wild-type

Stocks (1)

Bloomington

23285

y¹ w^*; P{lacW}Dark^k11502 Dark⁸²/CyO, y⁺

Notes on Origin

Discoverer

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 0 )

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (6)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

Ark⁸²

(Waldron et al., 2015, Kagey et al., 2012)

Dark82

(Griciuc et al., 2014)

Dark⁸²

(Gruber et al., 2025, Harris et al., 2025, Patterson et al., 2025, Chammout et al., 2024, Thomson et al., 2024, Cordes et al., 2023, Nowaskie et al., 2023, Mast et al., 2022, Moore et al., 2022, Siders et al., 2021, Vrailas-Mortimer et al., 2021, Bieser et al., 2019, Stamm et al., 2019, Levis, 2018.2.20)

Dark^LOF

(Griciuc et al., 2014)

ark⁸²

(Kuang et al., 2014, Yacobi-Sharon et al., 2013, Florentin and Arama, 2012)

dark⁸²

(Napoletano et al., 2017, Garcia-Hughes et al., 2015, Wang and Baker, 2015, Lee et al., 2013, Lee et al., 2013, Link et al., 2007, Akdemir et al., 2006)

Name Synonyms

Secondary FlyBase IDs

References (28)

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