FB2026_02 , released June 18, 2026
FB2026_02 , released June 18, 2026
Gene: Dmel\sinu
Open Close
General Information
Symbol
Dmel\sinu
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
sinuous
Annotation Symbol
CG10624
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0010894
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
7 publicly available
Gene Summary
sinuous (sinu) encodes a claudin that contributes to the assembly of septate junctions. It is involved in the development of heart, tracheal tree and the glial blood-brain barrier. [Date last reviewed: 2019-09-26] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

l(3)06524

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
64D3-64D3
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-14
RefSeq locus
NT_037436 REGION:5559470..5561598
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (10 terms)
Molecular Function (0 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Biological Process (7 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (7 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in cell adhesion involved in heart morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Yi et al., 2008)
involved_in dorsal closure
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Yi et al., 2008)
involved_in establishment of glial blood-brain barrier
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Stork et al., 2008)
involved_in heart process
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Yi et al., 2008)
involved_in open tracheal system development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Beitel and Krasnow, 2000)
involved_in regulation of tube size, open tracheal system
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Beitel and Krasnow, 2000)
involved_in septate junction assembly
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Wu et al., 2004)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in regulation of tube size, open tracheal system
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001083502
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in septate junction assembly
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001083502
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Cellular Component (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in plasma membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Yi et al., 2008)
located_in septate junction
inferred from direct assay
(Wu et al., 2004)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in membrane
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR004031
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
is_active_in septate junction
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001083502
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
sinuous (sinu) encodes a claudin that contributes to the assembly of septate junctions. It is involved in the development of heart, tracheal tree and the glial blood-brain barrier. [Date last reviewed: 2019-09-26]
Summary (Interactive Fly)

claudin - localizes to septate junctions and is required for junction organization and paracellular barrier function - required fo maintenance of cardiac integrity

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\sinu for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9VRM3)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Gene model reviewed during 5.55

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
sinu-RA
FBtr0077136
NM_139714
2065
247
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
sinu-PA
FBpp0076842
27.7
247
9.28
Q9VRM3
NP_647971
AAF50772
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\sinu using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.51

Transcript Expression
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult head
(Aradska et al., 2015)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in plasma membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Yi et al., 2008)
located_in septate junction
inferred from direct assay
(Wu et al., 2004)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\sinu in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 13-16
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 6 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 5 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of sinu
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of sinu
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 7 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (8)
Hsap\CLDND1
1 of 14
Yes
No
1  
Hsap\LHFPL1
1 of 14
Yes
No
Hsap\LHFPL2
1 of 14
Yes
No
1  
Hsap\LHFPL3
1 of 14
Yes
No
Hsap\LHFPL4
1 of 14
Yes
No
Hsap\LHFPL5
1 of 14
Yes
No
Hsap\LHFPL6
1 of 14
Yes
No
Hsap\TMEM114
1 of 14
Yes
Yes
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (7)
Rnor\Cldnd1
1 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Lhfpl1
1 of 14
Yes
No
Rnor\Lhfpl2
1 of 14
Yes
No
Rnor\Lhfpl4
1 of 14
Yes
No
Rnor\Lhfpl5
1 of 14
Yes
No
Rnor\Lhfpl6
1 of 14
Yes
No
Rnor\Tmem114
1 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (8)
Mmus\Cldnd1
1 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Lhfpl1
1 of 14
Yes
No
Mmus\Lhfpl2
1 of 14
Yes
No
Mmus\Lhfpl3
1 of 14
Yes
No
Mmus\Lhfpl4
1 of 14
Yes
No
Mmus\Lhfpl5
1 of 14
Yes
No
Mmus\Lhfp
1 of 14
Yes
No
Mmus\Tmem114
1 of 14
Yes
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (4)
Xtro\lhfpl2
1 of 13
Yes
No
Xtro\lhfpl6
1 of 13
Yes
No
Xtro\LOC100486901
1 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\tmem114
1 of 13
Yes
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (15)
Drer\cacng4a
1 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\cldnd1a
1 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\cldnd1b
1 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\lhfpl2a
1 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\lhfpl2b
1 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\lhfpl3
1 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\lhfpl4a
1 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\lhfpl4b
1 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\lhfpl5a
1 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\lhfpl5b
1 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\lhfpl6
1 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\LOC100004180
1 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\LOC100334706
1 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\tmem235b
1 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\tmem276a
1 of 14
Yes
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (2)
Cele\F53B3.5
1 of 14
Yes
No
Cele\lhfp-4
1 of 14
Yes
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (5)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003809
11 of 12
Yes
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003810
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP002361
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003808
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP005724
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:sinu. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (5)
kune
4 of 13
pck
3 of 13
CG3770
1 of 13
CG6398
1 of 13
Tmhs
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    Interaction Browsers
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    External Data
    Linkouts
    BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Metabolic Pathways
    FlyBase
    External Links
    External Data
    Linkouts
    Class of Gene
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    3L
    Recombination map
    3-14
    Cytogenetic map
    64D3-64D3
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    64D3-64D3
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(3)rG166rG166 and P{PZ}sinu06524
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    64D3-64D4
    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
    (Beitel and Krasnow, 2000, Spradling et al., 1999)
    64D3-64D4
    (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Location

    3-14

    (FlyBase, 2016)

    3-13.3

    (Comeron et al., 2012)
    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (7)
    Genomic Clones (14)
     

    Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

    cDNA Clones (80)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

        For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

        cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
        BDGP DGC clones
          Other clones
            RNAi and Array Information
            Linkouts
            DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
            Antibody Information
            Laboratory Generated Antibodies
             
            Commercially Available Antibodies
             
            Cell Line Information
            Publicly Available Cell Lines
             
              Other Stable Cell Lines
               
                Other Comments

                The predicted gene structure and sequence of the release 3.1 annotation for sinu is based on an aberrantly spliced cDNA which has a novel and probably irrelevant C-terminal sequence. The correct structure and sequence for sinu gene product is given by the representative cDNA with accession number AY423544.

                (Beitel, 2004.2.25)

                sinu is required for septate junction organisation and paracellular barrier formation.

                (Wu et al., 2004)

                Mutation in sinu alters tracheal tube size in embryos without affecting other aspects of tracheal development including primary branch budding and outgrowth or branch fusion.

                (Beitel and Krasnow, 2000)

                Identification: Enhancer trap expression pattern survey for loci expressed in the ring gland.

                (Harvie et al., 1998)
                Relationship to Other Genes
                Source for database merge of

                Source for merge of: sinu CG10624

                (Wu, 2002.3.18)
                Additional comments
                Nomenclature History
                Source for database identify of

                Source for identity of: sinu l(3)06524

                (Beitel and Krasnow, 2000)
                Nomenclature comments
                Etymology
                Synonyms and Secondary IDs (8)
                Reported As
                Symbol Synonym
                6524
                (Harvie et al., 1998)
                CG10624
                (Aradska et al., 2015, Hosono et al., 2015, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Easow et al., 2007, Kim et al., 2004, Battersby et al., 2003)
                Sinu
                (Königsmann et al., 2020, Sundararajan et al., 2020, Lattner et al., 2019, Laprise et al., 2010, Nilton et al., 2010, Tian and Ten Hagen, 2007, Furuse and Tsukita, 2006, Jane et al., 2005)
                i8
                (Battersby et al., 2003)
                l(3)06524
                (Beitel and Krasnow, 2000, Spradling et al., 1999, Spradling et al., 1995, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
                sinu
                (Trujillo et al., 2024, Adashev et al., 2022, Pegoraro et al., 2022, Alhadyian et al., 2021, Rouka et al., 2021, Carvalho et al., 2018, Tempesta et al., 2017, Öztürk-Çolak et al., 2016, Sarov et al., 2016, Byri et al., 2015, Dembeck et al., 2015, Hildebrandt et al., 2015, Bätz et al., 2014, Hall et al., 2014, Robbins et al., 2014, Sun et al., 2012, Nelson et al., 2010, Hong et al., 2009, Iovino et al., 2009, Christensen et al., 2008.7.11, Stork et al., 2008, Wang et al., 2008, Yi et al., 2008, Christensen et al., 2007.10.29, Christensen et al., 2007.10.29, Kertesz et al., 2007, Wu et al., 2007, Tonning et al., 2005)
                Name Synonyms
                Sinuous
                (Markovich et al., 2024, Buckley and St Johnston, 2022, Rice et al., 2021, Lim et al., 2019, Leiserson and Keshishian, 2011, Rodrigues et al., 2011, Laprise et al., 2010, Nelson et al., 2010, Nilton et al., 2010, Wu et al., 2007)
                sinuous
                (Tiklova et al., 2010, Stork et al., 2008, Yi et al., 2008, Beitel and Krasnow, 2000)
                Secondary FlyBase IDs
                • FBgn0035613
                Datasets (0)
                Study focus (0)
                Experimental Role
                Project
                Project Type
                Title
                Study result (0)
                Result
                Result Type
                Title
                External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 44 )
                Sequence Crossreferences
                NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                Other crossreferences
                AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
                DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
                InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
                KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                Linkouts
                BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
                DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
                Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
                iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
                Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
                References (104)