FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\Bro
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Bro
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Brother
Annotation Symbol
CG7960
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0013755
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
14 publicly available
Gene Summary
Brother (Bro) encodes a beta-subunit of the transcription factor complex core binding factor, which is involved in transcription regulation. It regulates hemocyte proliferation and acts redundantly with the product of Bgb in embryonic segmentation. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
62A9-62A9
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-0.5
RefSeq locus
NT_037436 REGION:1647869..1648612
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (7 terms)
Molecular Function (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables transcription coactivator activity
inferred from direct assay
(Golling et al., 1996)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
contributes_to sequence-specific DNA binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000814636
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
enables transcription coactivator activity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000814636
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR003417
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Biological Process (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in regulation of hemocyte proliferation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Sinenko et al., 2010)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in compound eye development
traceable author statement
(Fossett and Schulz, 2001)
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000814636
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
traceable author statement
(Canon and Banerjee, 2000)
Cellular Component (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Golling et al., 1996)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of core-binding factor complex
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000814636
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
located_in nucleus
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR003417
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the CBF-beta family. (Q24039)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Brother (Bro) encodes a beta-subunit of the transcription factor complex core binding factor, which is involved in transcription regulation. It regulates hemocyte proliferation and acts redundantly with the product of Bgb in embryonic segmentation. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
CORE BINDING FACTOR BETA -
The Core Binding Factor-β (CBF-B) are the non-DNA binding partners of the CBF transcription complex. These proteins heterodimerize with Runt transcription factors and increase their affinity for DNA by altering the conformation of the Runt domain. (Adapted from FBrf0138356).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Regulates the DNA-binding properties of Runt.
(UniProt, Q24039)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Bro for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q24039)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.44

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Bro-RA
FBtr0072760
NM_057718
744
213
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

0.754 (longest cDNA)

(Golling et al., 1996)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Bro-PA
FBpp0072643
25.1
213
7.28
Q24039
NP_477066
AAF47538
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

177 (aa)

(Golling et al., 1996)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Bro using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

3.61

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
organism | ubiquitous
(Golling et al., 1996)
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
organism | ubiquitous

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 4 -- 6
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
Additional Descriptive Data

Bro transcripts are observed at low, uniform levels in syncytial blastoderm embryos. Transcript levels increase during the blastoderm stage up to the time of cellularization. Transcript levels decline following the completion of cellularization and the onset of gastrulation. A low level of uniformly distributed transcripts is seen during subsequent stages of embryogenesis.

(Golling et al., 1996)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Golling et al., 1996)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Bro in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 2 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 14 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Bro
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Bro
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 0 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 0 )
Inferred from location ( 1 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (1)
Hsap\CBFB
13 of 14
Yes
No
1  
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (1)
Rnor\Cbfb
13 of 14
Yes
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (1)
Mmus\Cbfb
12 of 14
Yes
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (3)
Xtro\cbfb
10 of 13
Yes
No
Xtro\ndufb1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\tlk2
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (1)
Drer\cbfb
13 of 14
Yes
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)
Cele\bro-1
6 of 14
Yes
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP000317
7 of 12
Yes
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Bro. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (1)
Bgb
12 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    CBFB; core-binding factor subunit beta
    13 of 14
    121360
       
      Functional Complementation Data
      Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
      Interactions
      Summary of Physical Interactions
      Summary of Genetic Interactions
      Interaction Browsers
      View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
      Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      lz
      suppressible
      Bro
      (Li and Gergen, 1999)
      run
      suppressible
      Bro
      (Li and Gergen, 1999)
      External Data
      Linkouts
      BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
      MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      Pathways
      Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
      Metabolic Pathways
      FlyBase
      External Links
      External Data
      Linkouts
      Class of Gene
      Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
      Chromosome (arm)
      3L
      Recombination map
      3-0.5
      Cytogenetic map
      62A9-62A9
      Sequence location
      FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Evidence for location
      62A9-62A9
      Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}rhoEP3704&P{PZ}l(3)0622606226 and P{PZ}dlt04276
      Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Notes
      References
      62A10-62A10
      (Golling, 1995.3.4)
      62A10-62A10
      (determined by in situ hybridisation)
      (Fujioka et al., 1996, Gergen, 1995.3.27, Golling et al., 1995)
      Bro and Bgb are closely linked, being separated by about 8 kb.
      (Gergen, 1995.3.27)
      Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
      Location

      3-0.5

      (FlyBase, 2016)

      3-2.5

      (Comeron et al., 2012)

      3-

      (Golling, 1995.3.4)
      Left of (cM)
      Right of (cM)
      Notes
      Stocks and Reagents
      Stocks (14)
      Genomic Clones (15)
       

      Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

      cDNA Clones (3)
       

      Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

      cDNA clones, fully sequenced
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

      cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
      BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
          RNAi and Array Information
          Linkouts
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          Antibody Information
          Laboratory Generated Antibodies
           
          Commercially Available Antibodies
           
          Cell Line Information
          Publicly Available Cell Lines
           
            Other Stable Cell Lines
             
              Other Comments

              Cloned in a low stringency hybridisation screen using full length mouse PEBP2β as a probe. In vitro studies reveal Bro stimulates the DNA binding activity of the run domain. run can act as an active repressor in the presence of either partner protein (Bro or Bgb).

              (Fujioka et al., 1996)

              Identified in a yeast two-hybrid system, by screening for run-interacting proteins.

              (Golling et al., 1996)

              The Bro family of proteins interacts with run-domain proteins via the run-domain and alters their DNA binding characteristics.

              (Golling et al., 1995)
              Relationship to Other Genes
              Source for database merge of
              Additional comments
              Nomenclature History
              Source for database identify of
              Nomenclature comments
              Etymology

              The gene is named 'Brother', for 'Beta for Runt and others'.

              (Golling et al., 1996)
              Synonyms and Secondary IDs (7)
              Datasets (0)
              Study focus (0)
              Experimental Role
              Project
              Project Type
              Title
              Study result (0)
              Result
              Result Type
              Title
              External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 34 )
              Sequence Crossreferences
              NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
              GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
              GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
              RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
              UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
              UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
              UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
              Other crossreferences
              AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
              BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
              DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
              EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
              FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
              FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
              InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
              KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
              MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
              Linkouts
              BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
              Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
              DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
              DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
              Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
              FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
              FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
              Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
              iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
              MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
              References (77)