FB2026_02 , released June 18, 2026
FB2026_02 , released June 18, 2026
Gene: Dmel\Hmu
Open Close
General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Hmu
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Hemomucin
Annotation Symbol
CG3373
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0015737
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
13 publicly available
Enzyme Name (EC)
arylesterase (3.1.1.2)
Gene Summary
Transmembrane mucin that may be involved in cellular adhesion and the innate immune response (PubMed:12769978, PubMed:8662683). Membrane-tethered mucins are involved in many cell surface functions and form a physical barrier around cells to regulate cell-cell and/or cell-substrate interactions, and protect against pathogens or harmful extracellular conditions (PubMed:11164341, PubMed:12769978, PubMed:8662683). This mucin likely acts in hemocyte adhesion as it is released from hemocytes during coagulation and is also able to bind lipophorin particles which form part of the hemocyte coagulogen (PubMed:12769978). Able to induce expression of the antibacterial proteins in the presence of GalNAc-specific lectins and so probably also functions in the innate immune response (PubMed:8662683). (UniProt, Q9VB46)
Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.
All Summaries
Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
97F1-97F1
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-93
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:27288769..27291592
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (6 terms)
Molecular Function (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables protein binding
(Werthebach et al., 2019)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables arylesterase activity
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q9HDC9
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
enables hydrolase activity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN008499445
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Biological Process (0 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Cellular Component (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cell surface
inferred from direct assay
(Theopold et al., 1996)
located_in endomembrane system
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Tan et al., 2009)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in plasma membrane
inferred from experiment
(Theopold et al., 1996)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the strictosidine synthase family. (Q9VB46)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)
arylesterase activity
a phenyl acetate + H2O = a phenol + acetate + H(+) (3.1.1.2)
RHEA 17309:
Summaries
Gene Group (FlyBase)
ARYLESTERASES -
Arylesterases are carboxylic ester hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of organophosphates, aromatic carboxylic acid esters (e.g., phenyl acetate), and possibly carbamates. This enzyme confers resistance to organophosphate toxicity. (Adapted from PMID:8661009).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Transmembrane mucin that may be involved in cellular adhesion and the innate immune response (PubMed:12769978, PubMed:8662683). Membrane-tethered mucins are involved in many cell surface functions and form a physical barrier around cells to regulate cell-cell and/or cell-substrate interactions, and protect against pathogens or harmful extracellular conditions (PubMed:11164341, PubMed:12769978, PubMed:8662683). This mucin likely acts in hemocyte adhesion as it is released from hemocytes during coagulation and is also able to bind lipophorin particles which form part of the hemocyte coagulogen (PubMed:12769978). Able to induce expression of the antibacterial proteins in the presence of GalNAc-specific lectins and so probably also functions in the innate immune response (PubMed:8662683).
(UniProt, Q9VB46)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Hmu for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9VB46)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.47

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Hmu-RA
FBtr0085164
NM_057811
2360
579
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

2.4 (northern blot)

(Theopold et al., 1996)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Hmu-PA
FBpp0084534
63.4
579
9.91
Q9VB46
NP_477159
AAF56697
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

582 (aa); 64 (kD predicted)

(Theopold et al., 1996)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts with sturkopf.

(UniProt, Q9VB46)
Post Translational Modification

O-glycosylated. Glycosylated in the ovary of 4 day old females.

Phosphorylated.

(UniProt, Q9VB46)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Hmu using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-1.02

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
organism | ubiquitous

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 4 -- 6
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 7 -- 8
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
dorsal ectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 10 -- 13
salivary gland body primordium
(Maruyama et al., 2011)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
anterior midgut primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal epidermis primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic ganglion mother cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic neuroblast of ventral nerve cord primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
hindgut proper primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
posterior midgut primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
salivary gland body primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
tracheal primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral nerve cord primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
embryonic brain
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic dorsal epidermis
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic hindgut
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic proventriculus inner layer
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval midgut
(Fisher et al., 2012)
larval nervous system
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval salivary gland
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
larval ventral nerve cord
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 13 -- 17
embryonic/larval salivary gland
(Maruyama et al., 2011)
adult stage
adult proventriculus
(Theopold et al., 1996)
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage & larval stage & adult stage
(Theopold et al., 1996)
adult stage
adult midgut
(Theopold et al., 1996)
adult stage & oogenesis
ovary
(Theopold et al., 1996)
follicle cell
(Theopold et al., 1996)
Additional Descriptive Data

Hmu is expressed in embryonic salivary glands.

(Maruyama et al., 2011)

Hmu transcripts are detected in embryos, larvae and adults on northern blots. They are detected in the cardia and in specific regions of the ventriculus by in sity hybridization. They are also observed in the follicle cells surrounding the oocyte.

(Theopold et al., 1996)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
enzyme assay or biochemical detection
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
Malpighian tubule

Comment: detected by lectin binding

(Theopold et al., 1996)
adult midgut

Comment: detected by lectin binding

(Theopold et al., 1996)
adult proventriculus

Comment: detected by lectin binding

(Theopold et al., 1996)
hemocyte

Comment: detected by lectin binding

(Theopold et al., 1996)
adult stage & oogenesis
follicle cell

Comment: detected by lectin binding

(Theopold et al., 1996)
ovary

Comment: detected by lectin binding

(Theopold et al., 1996)
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
Malpighian tubule
(Theopold et al., 1996)
adult midgut
(Theopold et al., 1996)
adult proventriculus
(Theopold et al., 1996)
hemocyte
(Theopold et al., 1996)
adult stage & oogenesis
follicle cell
(Theopold et al., 1996)
ovary
(Theopold et al., 1996)
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult head
(Aradska et al., 2015)
day 7 of adulthood -- day 49 of adulthood
adult heart
(Cammarato et al., 2011)
Additional Descriptive Data

Hmu protein is detected with H.P. lectin which binds to individual cells associated with the fat body thought to be hemocytes. In addition strong staining is observed in the gut, namely in the cardia and in the midgut.

(Theopold et al., 1996)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cell surface
inferred from direct assay
(Theopold et al., 1996)
located_in endomembrane system
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Tan et al., 2009)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Hmu in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 4-6
  • Stages(s) 11-12
  • Stages(s) 13-16
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 4 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 7 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Hmu
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Hmu
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 0 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 0 )
Inferred from location ( 6 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
Other Phenotypes
Allele
visible, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
mesonotum, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (3)
Hsap\APMAP
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Hsap\PNPT1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\TRIM2
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (3)
Rnor\Apmap
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Pnpt1
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Trim2
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (3)
Mmus\Apmap
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Pnpt1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Trim2
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (6)
Xtro\apmapl
10 of 13
Yes
No
Xtro\apmap
2 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\crebbp
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\phf5a
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\rd3
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\trim2
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (5)
Drer\apmap
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\zgc:194209
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\trim2a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\trim2b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\trim3a
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (4)
Cele\C08E8.2
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Cele\F57C2.5
13 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\T12G3.4
11 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\BE0003N10.1
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (3)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP004065
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP001732
7 of 12
No
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010791
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (18)
Atha\AT3G57030
12 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\AT3G57010
11 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT3G57020
11 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT5G22020
11 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\LAP3
11 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\SSL1
11 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\SSL3
11 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\SSL2
10 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\SS3
9 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\YLS2
9 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT1G74010
8 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT3G51440
8 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT3G51450
8 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\SS2
8 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\SSL4
8 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT5G14580
1 of 13
No
No
Atha\DUF5
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\RIF10
1 of 13
No
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (1)
Ecol\pnp
1 of 11
Yes
No
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Hmu. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (2)
Ssl2
10 of 13
PNPase
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    APMAP; adipocyte plasma membrane associated protein
    14 of 14
    615884
        Functional Complementation Data
        Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
        Interactions
        Summary of Physical Interactions
        Interaction Browsers
        View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
        Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
        protein-protein
        Physical Interaction
        Assay
        References
        Hmu - sturkopf
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry, split luciferase complementation, luminiscence technology
        (Kolkhof et al., 2017)
        Summary of Genetic Interactions
        Interaction Browsers
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        External Data
        Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
        Interacts with sturkopf.
        (UniProt, Q9VB46 )
        Linkouts
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        Pathways
        Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
        Metabolic Pathways
        FlyBase
        External Links
        External Data
        Linkouts
        Class of Gene
        Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
        Chromosome (arm)
        3R
        Recombination map
        3-93
        Cytogenetic map
        97F1-97F1
        Sequence location
        FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Evidence for location
        97F1-97F1
        Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}sda03884 and P{PZ}btzrL203
        Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Notes
        References
        97F-98A
        (Theopold, 1995.12.4)
        97F3-97F11
        (Gateff, 1998)
        97F-98A
        (determined by in situ hybridisation)
        (Theopold et al., 1996)
        Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
        Location

        3-93

        (FlyBase, 2016)

        3-90.2

        (Comeron et al., 2012)

        3-

        (Theopold, 1995.12.4)
        Left of (cM)
        Right of (cM)
        Notes
        Stocks and Reagents
        Stocks (13)
        Genomic Clones (15)
         

        Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

        cDNA Clones (106)
         

        Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

        cDNA clones, fully sequenced
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

        For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

        cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        RNAi and Array Information
        Linkouts
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        Antibody Information
        Laboratory Generated Antibodies
         
        Commercially Available Antibodies
         
        Cell Line Information
        Publicly Available Cell Lines
         
          Other Stable Cell Lines
           
            Other Comments

            Although FBrf0059040 and FBrf0116883 state the possibility that this gene encodes an RNA recognition motif protein, close examination of sequence and genome suggest that RRM results derive from spurious priming in PCR reaction described in those reports.

            (FlyBase, 1996-)

            Hmu cDNA has been cloned and sequenced, and its expression pattern has been analysed.

            (Theopold et al., 1996)

            See data attributed to FBrf0104946 for explanation of why RRM-related statements thought not to reflect function of gene.

            (Kim and Baker, 1993)
            Relationship to Other Genes
            Source for database merge of
            Additional comments
            Nomenclature History
            Source for database identify of
            Nomenclature comments
            Etymology
            Synonyms and Secondary IDs (12)
            Datasets (0)
            Study focus (0)
            Experimental Role
            Project
            Project Type
            Title
            Study result (0)
            Result
            Result Type
            Title
            External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 58 )
            Sequence Crossreferences
            NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
            GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
            GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
            RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
            UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
            UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
            UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
            Other crossreferences
            AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
            BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
            DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
            EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
            FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
            FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
            InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
            KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
            MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
            Linkouts
            Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
            DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
            DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
            Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
            FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
            FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
            Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
            Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
            iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
            MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
            References (70)