FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\rasp
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\rasp
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
rasp
Annotation Symbol
CG11495
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0024194
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
9 publicly available
Enzyme Name (EC)
protein S-acyltransferase (2.3.1.225)
Gene Summary
rasp (rasp) encodes an acyltransferase enzyme that adds essential N-terminal palmitate modifications to the secreted signaling domains of the products of hh and spi. The modification of the product of spi appears to increase the local concentration of the ligand by restricting its diffusion. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

ski, sightless, skinny hedgehog, sit, central missing

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
63B8-63B8
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-6
RefSeq locus
NT_037436 REGION:3162180..3163852
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (11 terms)
Molecular Function (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables acyltransferase activity
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Chamoun et al., 2001, Lee and Treisman, 2001)
enables protein-cysteine S-palmitoyltransferase activity
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Chamoun et al., 2001)
inferred from direct assay
(Miura et al., 2006)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables acyltransferase activity
non-traceable author statement
(Micchelli et al., 2002)
enables palmitoyltransferase activity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000998821
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Biological Process (6 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (6 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in dorsal appendage formation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Hayashi et al., 2014)
involved_in epidermal growth factor receptor ligand maturation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Steinhauer et al., 2013, Miura et al., 2006)
involved_in N-terminal peptidyl-L-cysteine N-palmitoylation
inferred from direct assay
(Micchelli et al., 2002, Lee and Treisman, 2001)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Chamoun et al., 2001)
involved_in patched ligand maturation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Micchelli et al., 2002, Amanai and Jiang, 2001, Chamoun et al., 2001, Lee and Treisman, 2001)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:ptc; FB:FBgn0003892
(Amanai and Jiang, 2001)
involved_in segment polarity determination
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Micchelli et al., 2002, Chamoun et al., 2001, Lee and Treisman, 2001)
involved_in wing disc anterior/posterior pattern formation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Micchelli et al., 2002, Lee and Treisman, 2001)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Cellular Component (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in endoplasmic reticulum
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000328646
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
located_in membrane
non-traceable author statement
(Micchelli et al., 2002, Chamoun et al., 2001, Lee and Treisman, 2001)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Pathway (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the membrane-bound acyltransferase family. HHAT subfamily. (Q9VZU2)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)
protein-cysteine S-palmitoyltransferase activity
L-cysteinyl-[protein] + hexadecanoyl-CoA = S-hexadecanoyl-L-cysteinyl- [protein] + CoA (2.3.1.225)
RHEA 36683:
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
rasp (rasp) encodes an acyltransferase enzyme that adds essential N-terminal palmitate modifications to the secreted signaling domains of the products of hh and spi. The modification of the product of spi appears to increase the local concentration of the ligand by restricting its diffusion. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
Pathway (FlyBase)
HEDGEHOG PRODUCTION -
hh is synthesized as a precursor peptide that is subsequently cleaved and lipidated to produced the mature, functional ligand. hh is modified by the enzymatic addition of a palmityl residue at the N terminus. In a separate processing step, hh self-cleaves via an intein-like activity to remove the C-terminal domain. As part of this reaction, a cholesteryl residue is added to the C-terminus of the N-terminal domain. The active form of hh is lipophilic and requires addtional players for secretion/release from hh-producing cells. (Adapted from FBrf0230446 and PMID:22114141).
EGFR LIGAND PRODUCTION -
Factors required for the proteolytic cleavage and/or secretion of transforming growth factor-α-like Egfr ligands spi, Krn or grk.
Gene Group (FlyBase)
PALMITOYLTRANSFERASES -
Palmitoyltransferases catalyze the post-translational addition of a palmitate moiety to a cysteine residue through a covalent thioester bond. (Adapted from FBrf0210485).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Required in hedgehog (hh) expressing cells for production of appropriate signaling activity in embryos and in the imaginal precursors of adult tissues. Acts within the secretory pathway to catalyze N-terminal palmitoylation of Hh; this lipid modification is required for the embryonic and larval patterning activities of the Hh signal. Not required for Wg signaling.
(UniProt, Q9VZU2)
Summary (Interactive Fly)

acetyltransferase acting to acylate Hedgehog or to promote other modifications or trafficking events necessary for Hedgehog function - modifies Spitz to increase the local concentration of the ligand by restricting its diffusion

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\rasp for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9VZU2)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.45

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
rasp-RA
FBtr0073029
NM_079174
1673
500
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
rasp-PA
FBpp0072893
58.1
500
8.60
Q9VZU2
NP_523898
AAF47725
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\rasp using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.09

Transcript Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult head
(Aradska et al., 2015)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\rasp in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 24 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 7 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of rasp
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of rasp
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 12 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal (with Df(3L)BSC671)
lethal (with Df(3L)BSC672)
lethal (with raspM82)
lethal (with raspP630)
lethal | embryonic stage | maternal effect | recessive
lethal | germline clone | recessive
lethal | pupal stage | recessive
lethal - all die before end of larval stage | recessive
lethal - all die before end of pupal stage | recessive
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
Other Phenotypes
Allele
segment polarity phenotype
segment polarity phenotype | embryonic stage | maternal effect | recessive
segment polarity phenotype | germline clone | recessive
some die during larval stage | recessive
some die during pupal stage | recessive
visible | recessive | somatic clone
wild-type
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
dorsal appendage | germline clone
dorsal appendage | germline clone | maternal effect
embryo
embryonic/first instar larval cuticle
embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | germline clone
eye | somatic clone
eye-antennal disc
eye disc (with raspT392)
eye disc (with raspT802)
imaginal disc
leg disc
photoreceptor cell R1
photoreceptor cell R1 | somatic clone | third instar larval stage
photoreceptor cell R2
photoreceptor cell R2 | somatic clone | third instar larval stage
photoreceptor cell R3
photoreceptor cell R3 | somatic clone | third instar larval stage
photoreceptor cell R4
photoreceptor cell R4 | somatic clone | third instar larval stage
photoreceptor cell R5
photoreceptor cell R5 | somatic clone | third instar larval stage
photoreceptor cell R6
photoreceptor cell R6 | somatic clone | third instar larval stage
photoreceptor cell R7
photoreceptor cell R7 | somatic clone | third instar larval stage
photoreceptor neuron | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone
wing | somatic clone
wing disc
wing vein | somatic clone
wing vein L2 | somatic clone
wing vein L3 | somatic clone
wing vein L4 | somatic clone
wing vein L5 | somatic clone
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (2)
Hsap\HHAT
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Hsap\HHATL
6 of 14
No
Yes
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (2)
Rnor\Hhat
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Hhatl
6 of 14
No
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (2)
Mmus\Hhat
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Hhatl
6 of 14
No
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (3)
Xtro\hhat
7 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\rrbp1
6 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\hhatl
3 of 13
No
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (3)
Drer\hhat
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\hhatlb
7 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\hhatla
6 of 14
No
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (3)
Cele\hhat-1
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Cele\hhat-2
10 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\Y77E11A.23
1 of 14
No
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP002602
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (1)
Atha\AT1G57600
9 of 13
Yes
Yes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (2)
Scer\GUP1
9 of 13
Yes
Yes
Scer\GUP2
9 of 13
Yes
Yes
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)
Spom\SPAC24H6.01c
8 of 12
Yes
Yes
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:rasp. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    raspm47
    exacerbates  nervous system disease
    modeled by AtpαDTS1
    (Talsma et al., 2014)
    ameliorates  nervous system disease
    modeled by AtpαCJ5
    (Talsma et al., 2014)
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    HHAT; hedgehog acyltransferase
    14 of 14
    605743
    HHATL; hedgehog acyltransferase like
    6 of 14
    608116
        Functional Complementation Data
        Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
        Interactions
        Summary of Physical Interactions
        Interaction Browsers
        View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
        Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
        protein-protein
        Physical Interaction
        Assay
        References
        rasp - hh
        enzymatic study, autoradiography
        (Hardy and Resh, 2012)
        rasp - spi
        enzymatic study, autoradiography
        (Hardy and Resh, 2012, Miura et al., 2006)
        Summary of Genetic Interactions
        Interaction Browsers
        View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
        Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        htl
        suppressible
        rasp
        (Dong et al., 2021)
        ptc
        suppressible
        rasp
        (Miura et al., 2006)
        rho|spi
        suppressible
        rasp
        (Miura et al., 2006)
        spi|rho
        suppressible
        rasp
        (Miura et al., 2006)
        External Data
        Linkouts
        BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        Pathways
        Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
        Metabolic Pathways
        FlyBase
        External Links
        External Data
        Linkouts
        KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
        Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
        SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.
        Class of Gene
        Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
        Chromosome (arm)
        3L
        Recombination map
        3-6
        Cytogenetic map
        63B8-63B8
        Sequence location
        FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Evidence for location
        63B8-63B8
        Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(3)0680306803 and P{PZ}kst01318
        Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Notes
        References
        63B-63B
        (Chamoun, 2001.7.11)
        63B6-63B8
        (Chamoun et al., 2001)
        63B11-63B13
        (Lee, 2001.6.16)
        Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
        Location

        3-6

        (FlyBase, 2016)

        3-6.4

        (Comeron et al., 2012)

        3-4.3

        (Gatti and Baker, 1989)
        Left of (cM)
        Right of (cM)
        Notes
        Stocks and Reagents
        Stocks (9)
        Genomic Clones (21)
        cDNA Clones (9)
         

        Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

        cDNA clones, fully sequenced
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

        For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

        cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
        BDGP DGC clones
          Other clones
          RNAi and Array Information
          Linkouts
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          Antibody Information
          Laboratory Generated Antibodies
           
          Commercially Available Antibodies
           
          Cell Line Information
          Publicly Available Cell Lines
           
            Other Stable Cell Lines
             
              Other Comments

              rasp is necessary for palmitoylation of spi protein.

              (Miura et al., 2006)

              dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology.

              (Kiger et al., 2003)

              rasp-dependent fatty-acylation is necessary to generate a fully active hh.

              (Micchelli et al., 2002)

              rasp is a component of the hh signaling pathway. It acts upstream of ptc and is required in hh protein secreting cells and not in cells that receive the hh protein signal.

              (Amanai and Jiang, 2001)

              rasp is required for palmitoylation of hh protein (a modification vital for hh signaling activity in vivo).

              (Chamoun et al., 2001)

              rasp is required for the activity of hh in the eye and wing imaginal discs.

              (Lee and Treisman, 2001)

              Animals lacking both maternal and zygotic rasp show a segment-polarity phenotype.

              (Micchelli et al., 2001)

              Isolated in a screen for maternal effect lethal mutations that affect the process of segmentation.

              (Mogila and Perrimon, 1998)

              rasp mutants have a recessive lethal segment polarity phenotype. Embryos have a continuous lawn of denticles, residual head structures and dramatically reduced ellipsoid filzkorpers.

              (Mogila and Perrimon, 1998)
              Relationship to Other Genes
              Source for database merge of

              Source for merge of: l(3)SG3 l(3)63Bg

              (Micchelli et al., 2002, FlyBase, 1996-)
              Additional comments

              Source for identity of sightless CG11495 was sequence comparison ( date:010728 ).

              (FlyBase, 1996-)
              Nomenclature History
              Source for database identify of

              Source for identity of: sightless CG11495

              (FlyBase, 1996-)
              Nomenclature comments
              Etymology

              Named "rasp" based on the mutant embryos resemblance to a coarse file.

              (Micchelli et al., 2002)

              The gene is named "central missing" based on the mutant phenotype; large mutant clones in the wing result in a lack of the central elements of the wing.

              (Amanai and Jiang, 2001)
              Synonyms and Secondary IDs (23)
              Reported As
              Symbol Synonym
              7F21
              CG11495
              (Perkins et al., 2009, Micchelli et al., 2002, Amanai and Jiang, 2001, Chamoun et al., 2001)
              RASP
              (Dawber et al., 2005)
              Rasp
              (Mbodj et al., 2013, Hardy and Resh, 2012, Miura et al., 2005)
              Ski
              (Lee et al., 2016)
              cmn
              (Amanai and Jiang, 2001)
              cnm
              (Torroja et al., 2005)
              l(3)63Bg
              (Deal et al., 2002.11.12)
              l(3)M47
              l(3)SG3
              (Wohlwill and Bonner, 1991)
              l(3)m47
              (Gatti and Baker, 1989)
              rasp
              (Cho et al., 2018, Marcogliese et al., 2017, Malartre, 2016, Aradska et al., 2015, Ashwal-Fluss et al., 2014, Hayashi et al., 2014, Luck et al., 2014, Steinhauer et al., 2013, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Toku et al., 2011, Steinhauer et al., 2009, Christensen et al., 2008.12.28, Christensen et al., 2008.12.28, Christensen et al., 2007.10.29, Christensen et al., 2007.10.29, Miura et al., 2006, Wendler et al., 2006, Nybakken et al., 2005, Torroja et al., 2005, Linder and Deschenes, 2004)
              rsp
              (Mogila, 1998.3.19)
              sig/ski
              (Ingham and McMahon, 2001)
              sit
              (Linder and Deschenes, 2004, Linder and Deschenes, 2003, Miura et al., 2003, Lee and Treisman, 2001)
              ski
              (Manikowski et al., 2021, Dawber et al., 2005, Torroja et al., 2005, Whitman and Raftery, 2005, Linder and Deschenes, 2004, Lum and Beachy, 2004, Linder and Deschenes, 2003, Mann et al., 2002, Chamoun, 2001.7.11, Chamoun et al., 2001)
              ski/sit
              (Ingham, 2001)
              Name Synonyms
              Sightless
              (Gradilla and Guerrero, 2013)
              central missing
              (Torroja et al., 2005, Amanai and Jiang, 2001)
              lethal(3)63Bg
              lethal(3)SG3
              rasp
              (Malartre, 2016, Mogila and Perrimon, 1998)
              sightless
              (Wendler et al., 2006, Dawber et al., 2005, Torroja et al., 2005, Janody et al., 2004, Linder and Deschenes, 2004, Miura et al., 2003, Lee and Treisman, 2001)
              skinny hedgehog
              (Wendler et al., 2006, Dawber et al., 2005, Torroja et al., 2005, Linder and Deschenes, 2004, Vincent and Magee, 2002, Chamoun, 2001.7.11, Chamoun et al., 2001)
              Secondary FlyBase IDs
              • FBgn0002450
              • FBgn0004562
              • FBgn0005227
              • FBgn0035406
              • FBgn0044333
              Datasets (0)
              Study focus (0)
              Experimental Role
              Project
              Project Type
              Title
              Study result (0)
              Result
              Result Type
              Title
              External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 38 )
              Sequence Crossreferences
              NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
              GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
              GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
              RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
              UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
              UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
              Other crossreferences
              AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
              DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
              EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
              FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
              FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
              InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
              KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
              MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
              Linkouts
              BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
              Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
              DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
              DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
              Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
              FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
              FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
              Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
              Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
              iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
              Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
              KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
              MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
              Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
              SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.
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