FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
FB2026_01 , released March 12, 2026
Gene: Dmel\vret
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\vret
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
vreteno
Annotation Symbol
CG4771
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0263143
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
6 publicly available
Gene Summary
vreteno (vret) encodes a Tudor-domain containing protein required for piRNA biogenesis. vret mutants are sterile due to transposon de-repression. [Date last reviewed: 2019-05-16] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

vretano

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
94C4-94C4
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-76
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:22742954..22745581
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (7 terms)
Molecular Function (0 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Biological Process (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in oogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Handler et al., 2011)
involved_in primary piRNA processing
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:fs(1)Yb; FB:FBgn0000928
(Hirakata et al., 2019)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Olivieri et al., 2012, Handler et al., 2011, Zamparini et al., 2011)
involved_in secondary piRNA processing
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Olivieri et al., 2012)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Cellular Component (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Zamparini et al., 2011)
located_in cytosol
inferred from direct assay
(Yamashiro et al., 2020)
located_in P granule
inferred from direct assay
(Handler et al., 2011)
is_active_in Yb body
inferred from direct assay
(Hirakata et al., 2019)
located_in Yb body
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:fs(1)Yb; FB:FBgn0000928
(Handler et al., 2011)
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:armi; FB:FBgn0041164
(Handler et al., 2011)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
vreteno (vret) encodes a Tudor-domain containing protein required for piRNA biogenesis. vret mutants are sterile due to transposon de-repression. [Date last reviewed: 2019-05-16]
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Gonad-specific protein essential for germline development to repress transposable elements and preventing their mobilization, which is essential for the germline integrity. Acts via the piRNA metabolic process in both germline and somatic gonadal tissues by mediating the repression of transposable elements during meiosis. Required for primary piRNA biogenesis in both germline and somatic gonadal tissues.
(UniProt, Q9VCU7)
Summary (Interactive Fly)

Tudor domain protein involved in regulation of Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) in gonadal tissues thus regulating mobile genetic elements

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\vret for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9VCU7)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.42

Gene model reviewed during 5.53

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
vret-RA
FBtr0084323
NM_142835
2328
691
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
vret-PA
FBpp0083716
79.0
691
5.82
Q9VCU7
NP_651092
AAF56058
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts with aub and piwi.

(UniProt, Q9VCU7)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\vret using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

1.56

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 4 -- 6
organism
(Fisher et al., 2012)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
western blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage | female
ovary
(Zamparini et al., 2011)
adult stage | male
testis
(Zamparini et al., 2011)
Additional Descriptive Data

vret protein is expressed exclusively in the gonads; expression is observed both in ovaries and testes.

(Zamparini et al., 2011)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Zamparini et al., 2011)
located_in cytosol
inferred from direct assay
(Yamashiro et al., 2020)
located_in P granule
inferred from direct assay
(Handler et al., 2011)
is_active_in Yb body
inferred from direct assay
(Hirakata et al., 2019)
located_in Yb body
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:fs(1)Yb; FB:FBgn0000928
(Handler et al., 2011)
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:armi; FB:FBgn0041164
(Handler et al., 2011)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\vret in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 10 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 8 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of vret
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of vret
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 1 )
Gene disrupted in
Df(3R)Exel6192
(Zamparini et al., 2011, Ryder, 2004.4.26)
Inferred from location ( 3 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (7)
Hsap\TDRD1
3 of 14
Yes
No
Hsap\TDRD6
3 of 14
Yes
No
Hsap\TDRD7
3 of 14
Yes
No
Hsap\TDRD15
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\RNF17
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\SND1
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\TDRD5
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (7)
Rnor\Tdrd1
3 of 14
Yes
No
Rnor\Tdrd6
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Rnf17
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Snd1
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Tdrd5
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Tdrd7
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Tdrd15
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (6)
Mmus\Tdrd1
2 of 14
Yes
No
Mmus\Tdrd6
2 of 14
Yes
No
Mmus\Tdrd7
2 of 14
Yes
No
Mmus\Rnf17
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Snd1
1 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Tdrd5
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (5)
Xtro\tdrd1
2 of 13
Yes
No
Xtro\notch3
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\tdrd6
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\tdrd7
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\tdrd15
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (9)
Drer\tdrd1
3 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\tdrd6
3 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\si:ch211-189e2.3
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\tdrd7a
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\tdrd7b
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\tdrd15
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\rnf17
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\snd1
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\tdrd5
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (2)
Cele\tag-250
1 of 14
Yes
Yes
Cele\tsn-1
1 of 14
Yes
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (8)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010722
8 of 12
Yes
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP008268
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP011089
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP012340
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP007965
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP011088
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP012831
1 of 12
No
No
Agam\GPRNND1
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (4)
Atha\AtCaN2
1 of 13
Yes
No
Atha\CAN
1 of 13
Yes
No
Atha\Tudor1
1 of 13
Yes
No
Atha\Tudor2
1 of 13
Yes
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (1)
Scer\LCL3
1 of 13
Yes
No
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (2)
Spom\snd1
1 of 12
Yes
No
Spom\SPBC19F8.04c
1 of 12
Yes
No
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:vret. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (11)
CG15042
2 of 13
Kots
2 of 13
krimp
2 of 13
qin
2 of 13
tapas
2 of 13
tud
2 of 13
papi
1 of 13
spoon
1 of 13
tej
1 of 13
Tudor-SN
1 of 13
Veneno
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    TDRD7; tudor domain containing 7
    model of  cataract 36
    IEA
    (FlyBase, 2019-)
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    TDRD1; tudor domain containing 1
    3 of 14
    605796
        TDRD6; tudor domain containing 6
        3 of 14
        611200
            TDRD7; tudor domain containing 7
            3 of 14
            611258
            Functional Complementation Data
            Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
            Interactions
            Summary of Physical Interactions
            Summary of Genetic Interactions
            Interaction Browsers
            Starting gene(s)
            Interaction type
            Interacting gene(s)
            Reference
            Starting gene(s)
            Interaction type
            Interacting gene(s)
            Reference
            External Data
            Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
            Interacts with aub and piwi.
            (UniProt, Q9VCU7 )
            Linkouts
            DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
            MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
            Pathways
            Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
            Metabolic Pathways
            FlyBase
            External Links
            External Data
            Linkouts
            Class of Gene
            Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
            Chromosome (arm)
            3R
            Recombination map
            3-76
            Cytogenetic map
            94C4-94C4
            Sequence location
            FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
            Cytogenetic map
            Evidence for location
            94C4-94C4
            Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}GclmL0580 and P{EP}hhEP3521
            Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
            Cytogenetic map
            Notes
            References
            Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
            Location

            3-76

            (FlyBase, 2016)

            3-78.3

            (Comeron et al., 2012)

            3-

            (Davis et al., 2005)
            Left of (cM)
            Right of (cM)
            Notes

            Maps to 3R.

            (Davis et al., 2005)
            Stocks and Reagents
            Stocks (6)
            Genomic Clones (20)
            cDNA Clones (7)
             

            Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

            cDNA clones, fully sequenced
            BDGP DGC clones
            Other clones
            Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

            For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

            cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
            BDGP DGC clones
            Other clones
            RNAi and Array Information
            Linkouts
            Antibody Information
            Laboratory Generated Antibodies
             

            monoclonal

            (Hirakata et al., 2019)

            polyclonal

            (Handler et al., 2011, Zamparini et al., 2011)
            Commercially Available Antibodies
             
            Cell Line Information
            Publicly Available Cell Lines
             
              Other Stable Cell Lines
               
                Other Comments

                Identification: from a forward EMS mutagenesis screen for maternally contributed genes on the 3R chromosome.

                (Davis et al., 2004)

                Displays defects in both the soma and germline during oogenesis. In weak mutants, ovaries display a spindle eggshell phenotype and abnormal karyosome, indicating defects in egg patterning. In strong vret mutants, ovaries display severe defects in the germline stem cells, later cysts and egg chambers, as well as abnormal somatic ovary tissue, indicating that grk is not the only target of vret. In addition, adult females with strong alleles are sterile.

                (Davis et al., 2004)
                Relationship to Other Genes
                Source for database merge of

                Source for merge of: CG4771 vret

                (Zamparini and Lehmann, 2011.4.6)
                Additional comments

                FlyBase curator comment: the insertion in the "f04929" Exelixis line (PBac{WH}HP1cf04929) was originally assigned to the CG4771 gene in FBrf0179797, resulting in the "CG4771f04929" (FBal0161365) allele. However, FBrf0184340 shows that the insertion is actually within HP1c.

                (Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center, 2004.11.6)
                Nomenclature History
                Source for database identify of

                Source for identity of: vret CG4771

                (Zamparini et al., 2011)
                Nomenclature comments
                Etymology

                "vreteno" is the Bulgarian word for 'wool-spinning spindle', which refers to the eggshell phenotype of the mutants.

                (Zamparini et al., 2011)

                'vreteno' means 'spindle' in Bulgarian, and the weak 'vreteno' alleles give a spindle phenotype.

                (Davis, 2004.3.5)
                Synonyms and Secondary IDs (8)
                Datasets (0)
                Study focus (0)
                Experimental Role
                Project
                Project Type
                Title
                Study result (0)
                Result
                Result Type
                Title
                External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 29 )
                Sequence Crossreferences
                NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                Other crossreferences
                AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
                DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
                KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                Linkouts
                Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
                DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
                FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
                iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
                Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
                MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                References (75)